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Not really a homeland at least at the start but what if instead of saying no to British offer of land in Africa some say yes? Not all just some especially among the more Orthodox sects and fractions. The more secular and nationalist are ironically the most persistent on Israel being the homeland for their people. Orthodox Jews not so much. Some are actually very against the idea due to religious beliefs telling them they can’t return until their next messiah comes but I don’t see why they would turn down a possible safe haven.
Uganda and maybe Kenya depending on how big settlement gets could become the voluntary and British version of the Pale Settlement. Not a Jewish homeland just a part of the empire where many Jews live and are given special privileges. Your secular and assimilated Jews won’t really come there especially at first but many Orthodox Jews could due to usually facing most discrimination out of all of them. Even more assimilated Jews often don’t like them and Russian Empire and Eastern Europe has a good number of Orthodox Jews who probably don’t won’t to stay there anymore.
Correct me if I’m wrong but wasn’t there a Orthodox Jewish movement that worried about Jews becoming too assimilated into Europe and losing their faith? Wouldn’t moving and settling somewhere like Uganda and Kenya be a solution to that? The could also attract Jews from nearby Ethiopia and Muslim world who are also often more Orthodox too. They are probably the people oppressing there instead of being oppressed. I doubt Orthodox treat natives well especially non Jewish ones. Orthodox Jews also would have plenty of farmers and rural laborers among themselves for early settlement while also having decent amount of skilled labor but less so then otl Israel. Those professions usually tied to Jewish people aren’t as prevalent among more traditional Orthodox populations as they are among the more assimilated or reformed sects. Additionally, they would have very high birth and immigration rates too.
The Orthodox population with support of its religious figures could quickly colonize Uganda and Kenya and even become majority in many areas. British might be for it completely. Even most anti-Semitic Brits are likely for it. Less religious Jews in Europe and most of their anti-Semitics probably put Jews above concerns of native Africans. They are likely much more willing to give jews that land then holy land populated by Arabs. Lastly they could be used to quickly modernize the area. The Orthodox Jews help set the foundation and background work for infrastructure and economic expansion in these areas with British funding.
Zionist movement is still there and doing what it did in otl afterwards but lack nearly any Orthodox support. Orthodox Jews flee Russian Empire in decent number but don’t start pouring in until Russia becomes USSR. The interwar years see Orthodox Jews leave much of Eastern and Central Europe for by the time of the ww2 is British Dominion. Maybe Dominion of Sheba? Thought and in put? How would this happen or go down? What impact would this have on things? It isn’t really intended as a Jewish homeland or at least permanent one at first. It is more seen as a place where they can live safely and well without worrying about pogroms or anti-Semitic policies.