First, World War III as I see it.
USSR has 20-30 missiles capable of hitting the continental US. Their bombers are almost all going on one-way trips to get there and most of their bombs are lower-yield. One soviet era engineer i spoke with estimated half of the bombs of that time were expected to fail as were at least half the delivery mechanisms. Given US defenses for the continental US i think this means about 15-20 bombs get through with Omaha, DC, Seattle, San Francisco, New York, Chicago, Boston, and maybe another city or two being hit or nearly hit. The trauma of the war and likely martial lae after will be one thing but the lack of or severe retardation of a Civil Rights Movement means the country is more conservative for personal freedoms and individual liberties but not for healthcare (universal) or taxation which is likely still heavy and moreso against the wealthy.
Eventually the US recovers but the direction is very different. Satellites and the Space Race in general are on hold as the unipolar world needs no such show of force. Segregation may continue into the 1980s or even farther if its leadership is decapitated or 'agitators' are seen as potential Communist sympathizers. Computers and biological technologied will continue but at a slower pace, perhaps half what we saw in OTL (i.e. their 2017 computer is our 1994 or 1995 computer). With the major cities gone one or two might be kept as museum pieces and city blocks might be preserved to show the 'horrors of Communism' or somesuch. I expect a more jingoistic atmosphere in general and a more patriotic base overall reinforced by pro-military TV programming and radio. An Interstate Highway System is the spark of a Second New Deal with massive government investment kick-starting the economy as the splintered USSR and its sequelae are brought into the Marshall Plan. Overall the US looks more like a fascist state to the naked eye and criticism of the country against the 'politically correct' viewpoint can result in ostracization or even job loss.
Parts of the world hate us, especially Russian successor states, Japan, and Western Europe. Despite their suffering the nations of Eastern Europe love the 'American Saviors' as a Third French Empire becomed the rallying point for opposition to Washington. Without USSR support the Arab nations make peace with Israel after a much worse Twelve (Six) Day War that sees most of the Middle East a comparitively peaceful place by 1995. Africa has smoother decolonization with more stable democracies, especially at the central part of the continent.