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  • 1. Surviving Boer Republics: While possessing low population and infrastructure, being largely cut off from the outside world, and facing the looming specter of British colonial expansionism, the various Boer republics maintained their independence throughout the 19th century, with a combined defensive by the Orange Free State and South African Republic even managing to secure victory in their first war with the United Kingdom. With a PoD no earlier than 1840, create a scenario in which at least one of the historic Boer republics (or a direct derivative thereof) remains independent through the end of the 19th century and to the present. Bonus for an outline of the political history and present state of the modern country being elaborated upon.

  • 2. Surviving Kingdom of Kongo: Between the 15th and 19th centuries, the Kingdom of Kongo maintained substantial contact with Western powers, converting to Roman Catholicism after first contact with and coming to host a complicated relationship with the Kingdom of Portugal before its vassalization (and shortly thereafter abolishment) by the latter following the Congress of Berlin. With a PoD no earlier than 1540, create a scenario wherein the Kingdom of Kongo remains fully independent up to the present time.
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