Soviet Union during Reconstruction Era 1947-1952 by Sergei Josipovych Ulyanov
When Vyacheslav Molotov signed Stalin's order in sentence of Sergei Khrushchev he didn't know that this act will reap bitter frutis in future when he was officialy condemned and deposed by Sergei's father Nikita Khrushchev and his temporary allies. Performing his own anti-Stalinist crusade Khrushchev was willing to ally with the worst Stalinist on earth - Beria who participated in worst communist purges in the world. Both men had their own objectives in this "alliance" - Khrushchev wanted de-Stalinization by deposing Molotov, consolidating power and deposing Beria while Beria wanted to eliminate Molotov, achieve control of young Kosygin, depose Khrushchev and achieve power in Soviet Union. He did not know and did not wanted to know that many people in Party shared Khrushchev views and many others were reluctant to Beria in charge of the country. Both men started to build their own "factions" (it is inappropriate sentence because factions in Communist Party were legalized more than decade later) in order to achieve greater power. At 1947 Khrushchev owned greater power and was considered as leader of Soviet Union. Together with Kosygin they started Economic Recovery Plan which greatly helped to restructurize Soviet economy after disastrous war.
Economic Recovery Plan officialy called as Emergency Restructurization of Soviet Economy was economical programme performed in Soviet Union during 1947-1952. Farmers were allowed to own small fields in order to being able to feed their families in state of war or famine. Khrushchev centered economy on consumer goods, agriculture, technology and rebuild of cities devastated by war. Most notably was Radiotechnology Factory established in 1951 producing cheap transistor radios which were later sold to Soviet citizens or even Western countries. Several state-owned radiostations were established all across country in order to make state propaganda more successful. In 1950 Zvezda automobile factory was established in which small and cheap cars were produced (at beginning only Party members were able to buy it but later due to automatization and using cheaper parts many other Soviet citizens bought this). Bicycles became most popular mean of city transport in early 1950s due to large quantities produced by state-owned companies. Another project was Virgin Lands Programme in which vast fields in Central Asia were used to produce grain and other crops in large state-owned farms.
Plan caused restructurization of Soviet Union after war with Nazi Germany. Group of independent farmers with small estates appeared due to agriculture reform and soon grew to huge numbers. In late 1950s and 1960s they produced big part of grain exported to Western countries by Soviet Union. It antagonized Khrushchev and his allies (most notably Mikoyan who served in Communist Party since October Revolution) and only success of this reform allowed Khrushchev to stay in power. Fearing potential coup Khrushchev decided to make a move - he called Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on 13 February 1950. Delegates from all world communist parties met in Moscow to debate future of communism. At first day Khrushchev called all participants to stand in memory of all communist activist who dedicated their life to idea of spreading their ideology. It is notable that Stalin was mentioned at same breath as other lesser known activists from other countries. At 28 February he announced and unscheduled session during which he criticized cult of personality, brutal Stalinist regimes and published Lenin's Testament critizing Stalin and his followers. It was great shock for Party members, some of them had heart strokes, other such as leader of Polish Communist Party Bolesław Bierut commited suicide. Audience reacted with applause or laughter in some parts. Mao Zedong, leader of China People's Republic and Enver Hoxha, leader of Albania condemned Khrushchev as revisionist and broke links with Soviet Union.
New era in Soviet Union brought more socially liberal politics. Opposed to Stalin Khrushchev revoked his laws about homosexuality, abortion which became legal once again, liberalized divorce laws and embranced Marxist feminism, just like in old Soviet years.