TL: Children of the Plains of Abraham Revised (A New France & more timeline)

[da Racontor]

Chapter 2: Dominion of Columbia​

"For loyalty, and King!"
Loyalist Motto

Coat of Arms of Columbia[xii]​

In early AD 1776, Joseph Galloway and the other diplomats reached the London Agreement. The plan involved the colonies forming a confederation led by a Grand Council, however the council would be subservient to the British Parliament, though it would maintain limited veto power over certain matters. The king would also be represented by the confederation’s head of government, who would be appointed by the king and serve as the king saw fit. Many in the congress saw this as the perfect settlement, it allowed them to maintain their protection by Great Britain and maintain some level of autonomy as well as being able to choose which tax plans are enforced. Other were not so enthused. Several politicians left for self-imposed exile when their colony, or province as they were now called, ratified the constitution. Benjamin Franklin being the most notable example, who supposedly left the Pennsylvanian Assembly in the middle of the vote and would remain exiled in New France and France the rest of his life. By October 17, AD 1777 all thirteen rebellious provinces had signed the Galloway Plan. King George III appointed the Earl of Carlisle as the first President-General of Columbia.

***​

Columbian Conflict​
Date:	April 19, AD 1775–June 14, AD 1777
Location:	North America
Results:	British-Loyalist victory London Agreement
Territorial changes:	Formation of the United Provinces of Columbia
Belligerents​
Great Britain Columbian Loyalists​ Hannover Onodaga Mohawk Cayuga Seneca Mi’kmaq Cherokee Odawa Muscogee Susquehannock Shawnee	Columbian Patriots Sons of Liberty​ Vermont​ Oneida Tuscarora Catawba Lenape Chickasaw Choctaw Mahican Mi’kmaq Abenaki Cheraw Seminole Pee Dee Lumbee Watauga
Commanders & Leaders​
George III of Great Britain Thomas Cage Oliver De Lancey Sr.	Benedict Arnold Thomas Chittenden

United Provinces of Columbia​
Flag of Columbia[viii], Arms of Columbia[xii], and Location of Columbia (red)[xiii]​
Motto:	“Ē plūribus ūnum” (lat) (Out of many, one)
Anthem:	“God Save the King”
Capital & largest city:	Philadelphia
Official language:	English
Religions:	Protestantism & Roman Catholicism
Demonym:	Columbian
Government: King: President-General:	Confederal parliamentary constitutional monarchy George III Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle
Legislature:	Columbian grand council
Independence:	from Great Britain October 17, AD 1777
Population:	2,400,000 (estimate)
Currency:	Columbian pound (£)[a]

The Order of Pii​ The Order of Pii was created as a reward for those who fought for the king in Columbia. And while it was first only rewarded to veterans of the Columbian Conflict it soon took the place as the pre-eminent distinction in the dominion. While there were other fraternal organizations within Columbia that modeled themselves after chivalric orders this was the only one created and awarded by the king. The order was named after Roman general Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius. Who, continually displayed his loyalty to his father by constantly petitioning for revocation of his father’s exile.

Columbian Nobility​ In addition to the Order of Pii, several of the more prominent loyalist were awarded a title of nobility. This did cause complaints from the British nobility, as the old nobility did not want the Columbian nobility to be on an equal level as them. The solution to this was give the Columbian nobility a different set of titles that were immediately recognizable. For inspiration of the names of these titles Columbian history has looked to. And in the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina a nobility a separate system was found and repurposed: • Landgrave • Cassique Cassiques supposedly had equal dignity to a lord and landgraves were equivalent to earls. There was no title above landgraves. And for the longest time this was not an issue. The solution that would be developed much later would be to give someone a Columbian title and a British courtesy title.

Figures​

Figure1: Columbian Landgrave Coronet[xiv]

Figure 2: Columbian Cassique Coronet[xv]

---

Footnotes​

a. The Columbian pound was a unit of account, silver and gold coinage in the dominion was still tightly regulated and the Spanish dollar was the most common coin​

Spoiler: Citations

xii. (Modified from source: Auzac, 2008), (Benton, 1900), (Modified from source: Hoshie, 2005), (Modified from source: Glasshouse, 2017), (Modified from source: Morris, 2020), (Modified from source: Sodacan, 2010), (Modified from source: Id., 2011), (Modified from source: Ssolbergj, 2011), (Modifed from source: The Radioactive Box, 2021)​

xiii. (Modified from source: Hadaril, 2018), (Modified from source: Hadaril, 2018)​

xiv. (Modified from source: Heralder, 2013)​

xv. (Modified from source: Heralder, 2013)​

​

​

Spoiler: Credits

Auzac. Mantling Blue Red. 5 September 2008. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lambrequins-azur-gueules.svg. Accessed 16 September 2021.
Benton, Morris Fuller. Century. 1900.
Hadaril. Blank Worlda. “The NextGen OTL Worlda Series.” alternatehistory.com, XenForo Ltd., 22 February 2018. https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/the-nextgen-otl-worlda-series.436046/page-49. Accessed 8 August 2021.
Hoshie. Flag of Great Britain (1707–1800). 12 October 2005. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Great_Britain_(1707–1800).svg. Accessed 10 September 2021.
Heralder. Celestial Crown. 17 December 2013. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Celestial_Crown.svg. Accessed 5 September 2021.
Heralder Eastern Crown (Heraldry). 17 December 2013. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eastern_Crown_(Heraldry).svg. Accessed 7 September 2021.
Glasshouse. Order of the Crown (Prussia). 18 November 2017. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Crown_(Prussia).svg. Accessed 16 September 2021.
Morris, Jack Ryan. Coat of arms of the State of Alabama. 12 November 2020. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_State_of_Alabama.svg. Accessed 13 September 2021.
Sodacan. Crown of Saint Edward (Heraldry). 20 July 2010. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crown_of_Saint_Edward_(Heraldry).svg. Accessed 16 September 2021.
Sodacan Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom-Helmet. 21 August 2011. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom-Helmet.svg. Accessed 13 September 2021.
Ssolbergj. Coat of arms of the United States. 27 January 2011. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg. Accessed 10 September 2021.
The Radioactive Box. US Navy Medal of Honor. 21 July 2021. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_Medal_of_Honor.svg. Accessed 13 September 2021.

 

[da Racontor]

Chapter 3: War of Bavarian Succession​

"Because the emperor should rule an empire."
Attributed to Joseph II, Holy Roman Empire

Frederick the Great and Combat Medic[xvii]​

Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria died in the final days of AD 1777 without issue. Charles IV Theodore, Count of the Palatine on the Rhine was the closest heir of the electorate, however, he was not really interested in having two realms so far apart. He also had no legitimate heir and wanted his illegitimate children to have an inheritance. Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor offered a solution, Charles IV Theodore would exchange Bavaria for Austrian Netherlands and Further Austria. With which he would then be free to re-establish Burgundy with his illegitimate son Charles August as his heir. While the status of elector would be transferred back to the Palatine on the Rhine, and would be inherited by the legitimate heir.

There were several problems with the proposed deal. Prussia and Russia feared that it would upset the balance of power, Saxony feared that it would hurt its allies, and France wanted the Austrian Netherlands for itself. Joseph II was so eager to incorporate Bavaria though that he began to move his troops in before the deal was finalized despite the protests from other nations. This was until Frederick the Great, King of Prussia and Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia threatened to invade. Joseph II desperately pleaded with France to aid them. France knew that if they got involved it would force Great Britain to intervene, and another chance at defeating the British and reclaim French India was something the country desperately wanted. Louis XVI was unsure about offering support as he was worried about the French treasury, but his ministers assured him that if they could humiliate Britain and gain the Indian lands back the benefits would be well worth it. Officially, France agreed to send aid in case of war in exchange for parts of Namur and Luxembourg, Charles IV Theodore was not happy with this agreement but saw little choice, as Joseph II resumed moving his troops into Bohemia.

In early July of AD 1778, Prussian forces invaded the Kingdom of Bohemia. Prussian and unified Habsburg force mostly postured for a few weeks. By the end of the month France had declared war on Prussia and began mobilize its troops. Prussia hurried to divide its forces to defend against the French while the Habsburgs pushed the Prussians back at the First Battle of Náchod. Catherine the Great declared Russia as Prussia’s ally but she had not expected the conflict to escalate and had to ready her forces. Prussia found itself in a desperate situation, France and the unified Habsburg forces would soon overrun the Prussian forces if there was no aid, Russia would not be ready in time. Frederick the Great pleaded with Britain to join the war on their behalf.

§​

While the Columbian Constitution was useful to solve the rebellion, it became obvious that it was only a short-term solution. The constitution gave the Grand Council the ability to veto any tax plan they did not agree on, so the British Parliament would have to find a tax that would be acceptable. The problem was no tax plan parliament developed was found to be acceptable. Councilors from the northern provinces made sure any tariff would not pass. A tax on alcohol was defeated by a coalition of councilors from southern provinces etc.

To further the financial troubles of Columbia, while Britain did maintain a garrison, this garrison was a deterrent for other European powers not a protection from Amerindian raids. Raids from the south quickly decreased as the creation of Appalachia created a concrete border for the Columbians to follow. But raids from the north where French influence was still present continued. To combat this the Legion of Columbia was created with the intent to act as a unified defense against the Amerindian and act as the dominion’s military if war with the other powers did occur. The problem here was that funding for the Legion of Columbia came directly from the Grand Council, and the councilors preferred to fund their own provincial militia. Even though the militias had no obligation to help other provinces and often took advantage of that lack of obligation. To help the legion become combat ready Great Britain pledged to provide a portion of the needed equipment. To maximize the amount of equipment received Columbian politicians recorded the legion’s strength as what was proposed, not what it was. Much of the equipment was quietly moved to the provincial militias.

§​

While peace was welcome to the people of New France, it did not take long for the people to become concerned again. The British had almost conquered Canada in the Seven Years’ War, and the newly formed Columbia still had a larger population than New France making even an isolated conflict dangerous. Safety became most important to the colony. Fortifications were rebuilt and men trained for combat. The Regiment of Foot Chasseurs of Royal Canada was formed out of the more experience militiamen and many Acadian refugees, and the Governor General, the Marquis of Lotbinière, recreated the Governor General’s Guard. Many, many plans to resist invasions were drafted, the Canadian leadership wanted to be able to defend their land the best they could even if they were cut off from France.

***​

Figures​

Figure 1: First Sub-Legion of Columbia, Second Sub-Legion of Columbia, Third Sub-Legion of Columbia, Forth Sub-Legion of Columbia[xviii] (top to bottom)

​

Figure 2: Regiment of Foot Chasseurs of Royal Canada[xviii], Governor General of New France’s Guard[xix] (top to bottom)

---

Spoiler: Citations

xvi. (Steakley, 1793-1795)​

xvii. (Modified from source: Gypson), (Modified from source: McDonough), (Modified from source: McDonough), (Modified from source: McDonough), (Modified from source: Oldham), (Modified from source: Oldham)​

xviii. (Modified from source: McDonough), (Modified from source: Oldham), (Modified from source: Pato)​

xix. (Modified from source: Oldham), (Modified from source: Oldham), (Modified from source: Pato)​

​

Spoiler: Credits

Gypson, John. Union Standards 1. “19th Century”. https://juniorgeneral.org/index.php/figure/view/UnionStandards1. Accessed 28 2021.​

McDonough, Sean. British 21. “18th Century”. https://juniorgeneral.org/index.php/figure/view/British21. Accessed 29 2021.​

McDonough, Sean. “18th Century”, https://juniorgeneral.org/index.php/figure/view/French4951. Accessed 29 2021.​

McDonough, Sean. US Troops 1 (1785-1795). “18th Century”. https://juniorgeneral.org/index.php/figure/view/USTroops178517951. Accessed 26 2021.​

McDonough, Sean. US Troops 2 (1785-1795). “18th Century”. https://juniorgeneral.org/index.php/figure/view/USTroops178517952. Accessed 24 2021.​

Oldham, Jon. French Standards 2. “18th Century”. https://juniorgeneral.org/index.php/figure/view/FrenchStandards2. Accessed 30 2021.​

Oldham, Jon. Hanover Miscellaneous. “18th Century”. https://juniorgeneral.org/index.php/figure/view/HanoverMiscellaneous. Accessed 24 2021.​

Oldham, Jon. Continental Army Flags 1. “18th Century”. https://juniorgeneral.org/index.php/figure/view/ContinentalArmyFlags1. Accessed 24 2021. Accessed 24 2021.​

Pato, Pedro. Weapons of the 18th and 19th Century. “Masters”. https://juniorgeneral.org/index.php/figure/view/Weapons18thand19thCentury. Accessed 29 2021.​

Steakley, James. Frederick the Great and the Combat Medic. 1793-1795. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Friedrich_der_Grosse_und_der_Feldscher.jpg. Accessed 24 2021.​

​

 

[da Racontor]

Chapter 4: British Intervention​

"But will she [France] be stable and happy?"
The Baron of Turgot

The Battle of the Saints[xx]​

Great Britain had hoped it could remain uninvolved in the conflict; however French involvement soon made that wish evaporate. A Franco-Austrian dominated continent was too dangerous, Great Britain had to intervene. While the government of Great Britain declared war, the government of Brunswick-Lünburg declared absolute neutrality and strengthened the defense of Hanover just in case. France would not attack though; it had been determined that France’s poor performance during the Seven Years’ War was in part caused by focusing too much on conquering the city-state when it provided so little actual gain.

As the French army advanced, the western army of Prussians had to face them alone. Their goal was to delay the French long enough for Frederick II to defeat the Austrians or for Britain to join in the defense. Prussia also sought to bring Saxony into the war, the state had mobilized its troupes at the same time. But after a secret meeting with a French diplomat Saxony declared itself neutral. In the battles of Ravensberg and Minden, the Prussians made the French pay for every inch they took, but the French continued to take. The French advance was only halted once British funded mercenaries, mostly Hessians, joined the fight. The economic strain quickly began to take its toll on Prussia, the state just could not handle another prolonged large-scale conflict so soon. To make matters worse, the economy and military were not the only things in Prussia that was failing, Frederick II’s health was as well. As the Russian army finally engaged the unified Habsburg forces, the Prussians fell back to reform its lines. The Russians overwhelmed the unified Habsburg forces and pushed them back to Bohemia only being halted at the Second Battle of Náchod.

§​

When Great Britain entered the war, so did her colonies and dominion. General Henry Clinton was given the position of commander-in-chief of the North Columbian theatre, this included command over the Legion of Columbia. This worried the Columbian Grand Council as their mismanagement of the legion left it greatly under manned and under supplied, to hide the problem several militia groups were drafted into the legion but given little to no extra training. Gen. Clinton’s orders were to use British regulars to reinforce the islands in the Caribbean and to engage the French defensively on the continent as they did not see them as a threat there.

The Count of Rochambeau was given the position of commander-in-chief of the French forces in the Americas. In addition to the French regulars and militia he had command over the allied Amerindian warriors and the Columbian Brigade. The Columbian Brigade was formed from patriot émigré[a] and under the direct command of now General Benedict Arnold. The French also coordinated with patriot partisan groups within America. Amerindian raids were something that Gen. Clinton accounted for, and the provincial militia were tasked with defending from them. Partisans he did not account for, regions of Connecticut, Pennsylvanian, Massachusetts, and New York fell to partisans and the Legion of Columbia had to supplement in the defense of those provinces. With the presence of partisan forces transferring the British regulars to the Caribbean and staying on the defensive was no longer ideal. Instead, the new plan was to capture Québec quickly to knock New France out of the war and then transfer troops to the Caribbean. The admiral, the Baron of Graves was sent to blockade the Saint Lawrence River.

At the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River the British fleet met the French fleet under the command of the Count of Grasse. Since the Seven Years’ War the French had been strengthening their navy and it showed, the Count of Grasse drove the British fleet out of the river protecting the supply-line. Without a blockade Gen. Clinton was forced to march an army quickly to the city over land. Because the action had to be carried out quickly it was decided that the he would take the British troops by Montréal while the Legion of Columbia would travel through eastern New York wilderness and take Québec by surprise. Brig. Gen. De Lancey would command the invasion force talking with him the Legion of Columbia while Gen. Clinton would move to capture Montréal and pretend to be the main invasion force, while militias would have to hold on if they could against the Amerindians and the partisans.

***​

Figures​

Figure 1: Columbian Brigade[xviii]

​

---

Footnotes​

a. fra: An emigrant in exile for political or societal reasons​

b. Formally known as the New Hampshire Grants​

Spoiler: Citations

xx. (Whitcombe, 1783)​

​

Spoiler: Credits

Whitcome, Thomas. The Battle of the Saintes. 1783. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_battle_of_the_Saints_12_avril_1782.jpg. Accessed 4 September 2021​

​

 

[Mister Mister]

Interesting. Keep em coming.

 

[da Racontor]

Chapter 5: The Colonial Theatre​

"The drafts from the regiments at Montcalm are a miserable set;"
General Benedict Arnold

Defending Quebec from a Columbian Attack[xxi]
​

Gen. Clinton’s forces would proceed relatively unhindered as they took the city of Montréal and arrived at Québec in early December. Gen. De Lancey’s forces were less fortunate. The eastern New York wilderness was home to the Green Mountain Boys. The Green Mountain Boys were a paramilitary group located in that opposed the “annexation” of the New Hampshire Grants by New York. They had become dormant after the Columbian Conflict but with the legion’s arrival they began constant raids. And while the Green Mountain Boys were not officially allied with the French, they did draw enough attention to the area for the legion to lose the element of surprise. Once the legion left the eastern New York wilderness the raids from the Green Mountain Boys stopped, but the raids from the Regiment of Foot Chasseurs of Royal Canada began. The Regiment of Royal Canada quickly began to prove itself as the tactics of a chasseur regiment came naturally. Due to the constant raids Gen. De Lancey’s forces arrived at Fort Montcalm in early December, the same time as Gen. Clinton’s forces. Even with reinforcements from the Regiment of Arnold, Fort Montcalm could not hold out long against two armies. The garrison withdrew without much fighting to bolster the defenses at Québec.

Unlike the invasion by Gen. Wolfe twenty-three years earlier, Québec would have to be taken quickly as Gen. Clinton did not have the support of the British Navy. Winter had set in and many of the foraging parties were picked off by the Royal Canadian Foot Chasseurs. The Anglo-Columbian forces made repeated assaults against the walls of Québec; each were repulsed. Supplies were too low to maintain the assaults indefinitely and the invasion withdrew, stopping in Montréal to resupply, only to receive news that the Bahamas had fallen and Florida had been attacked. Even though Québec could not be taken the destruction caused by the invasion ensured that New France could not mount its own invasion. Any offensive actions would be carried out by Amerindian or partisan allies. After the failed invasion, the British military command overruled Gen. Clinton and most of the British regiments were transferred to the Caribbean leaving the Legion of Columbia to endure the most of the fighting. The legion was more successful fighting defensively on its own territory.

§​

Gaining Mysore as an ally was not difficult for the French. Hyder Ali was eager to fight against the British. Hyder Ali also sought Maratha and Hyderabad as allies, Maratha was already embroiled in a conflict with the British and welcomed the aid, and with promise of French support Hyderabad joined as well. The expansion of the Anglo-Maratha War to include Mysore and Hyderabad did not come as a surprise, the arrival of approximately 6,000 French regulars on Indian shores did. Even more surprising was the French naval victories at the Battle of Bengal and the Battle of Cuddalore which severely hindered British supplies and naval movements in the area. Under French lead, the Indian anti-British confederation began to push the British back. With the coalition of Indian forces keeping the British troops on the defensive, the French focused on conquering territories that were formerly under French influence.

The forces of the East India Company were further divided when the Republic of the Netherlands acted on their trade and shipping grievances and began the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War[a]. The entry of the Netherlands had very little effect on the European theatre, most of the actions were either naval or on the Indian subcontinent.

---

Footnotes​

a. The Fourth Anglo-Dutch War is not generally considered part of the Five Years’ War as the Netherlands never officially entered an alliance with any of the other powers​

Spoiler: Citations

xxi. (Wellingtion,1860)​

​

Spoiler: Credits

Wellington, F.H. Defending Quebec from an American Attack, December 1775. 1860. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Invasion_of_Quebec.tif. Accessed 26 September 2021.​

​

 

[Mister Mister]

So the Five years war was from 1778-1783? Maybe adding a few years more might be helpful, for easier reading?

 

[da Racontor]

So the Five years war was from 1778-1783? Maybe adding a few years more might be helpful, for easier reading?

How do you mean? Making the posts contain more more or more posts?

 

[Mister Mister]

How do you mean? Making the posts contain more more or more posts?

Yes, more years in posts. It's confusing this way.

 

[da Racontor]

Yes, more years in posts. It's confusing this way.

I'll see what I can do.
I didn't want it to be a just a list of battles.

 

[Mister Mister]

I'll see what I can do.
I didn't want it to be a just a list of battles.

Of course, bit it might be a good idea to put a few years, say in update title, frex 1775- 1778.

 

[da Racontor]

Of course, bit it might be a good idea to put a few years, say in update title, frex 1775- 1778.

I can defiantly try it.
The only thing is the posts are written by topic more than exact year. So there may be some information outside of the year span (It is much easier for me to write it that way).

If something is unclear feel free to ask me, I have a ton of anecdotal trivia in my head that just won't fit in the narrative format.

I'm working on the next war right now. So I'll try somethings with that. I have a few updates that just need editing in between. So they won't be too different unless I think of something very specific.

 

[da Racontor]

Ok, here are some dates for the chapters. They may not be entirely accurate but they are at least some sort of benchmark. The dates from different chapters will overlap, and there may be a year not technically included here or there.

N: AD 1759,​

I-1: c. AD 1759 - AD 1760,​

I-2: c. AD 1760 - AD 1762,​

I-3: c. AD 1760 - AD 1762,​

I-4: c. AD 1763,​

II: c. AD 1763 - AD 1774,​

III-1: c. AD 1773 - AD 1775,​

III-2: c. AD 1776 - AD 1777,​

III-3: c. AD 1777 - AD 1779,​

III-4: c. AD 1778 - AD 1782,​

III-5: c. AD 1778 - AD 1782.​

 

[da Racontor]

Chapter 6: The European Theatre​

—c. AD 1778 – AD 1784—

"Even the best armies will not march without pay."
Chronicles of Prussia

Portrait of Charles Theodore, Grand Duke of Burgundy (1724-1799) [5], [xxii]​

France had been trying to convince Spain join the war since it began. But Spain was not interested until Great Britain began to show signs of financial stress and British troops began to replace mercenary units on the continent. Hoping to end the cycle of inconclusive wars with Britain, France and Spain devised a plan to invade the island. In preparation France invaded and overwhelmed the island of Jersey. However, the plan was dropped because it would draw French troops away from the eastern front leaving the Habsburg forces vulnerable.

The arrival of Russian troops and the entry of Britain saved Prussia from a land invasion, but it could not save the Prussian economy. Frederick II was forces to rebuild his country and sued for peace. Joseph II demanded the return of Silesia. Not even the French diplomats backed the annexation of Silesia as Austria did not actually conquer the area and there was no agreeable means to balance the annexation. Instead, Prussia was forced only forced to recognize Joseph II’s claim on Bavaria. With Prussia out of the war and Spain finally engaging the British, Russia was the only threat to the Franco-Habsburg-Spanish forces.

A proposal was made to Russia with the intent of preserving the balance of power. If Russia would recognize Joseph II as Duke of Bavaria, then they could increase the size of their partition of Poland without opposition from the other powers. Russia accepted these terms. Britain now being alone, making no real gains, and spending too much money on mercenaries sued for peace. On the third of September 1783, in Paris, the powers [a] met to formally agree on peace conditions, which included the French annexation of the Channel Islands through right of conquest, and Spain would regain Florida and Gibraltar in exchange for the occupied Bahamas. Joseph II was formally recognized as the Duke of Bavaria, and Charles IV Theodore became the Charles Theodore Grand Duke of Burgundy.

§​

With North America still split between Britain and France, proponents for the creation of an Amerindian buffer state west of Columbia gained more support. This idea had been nothing new, but had always been opposed until it was seen necessary for protecting British citizens. The problem was that not all the tribes in the area were allied with the British. As Britain began drawing up the specifics for their new protectorates, France also drew up its own plans for an Amerindian protectorate in the same area to counteract the British. To avoid another conflict from breaking out so soon after the Five Years’ War borders were created to allow both states to exist. In order to appease Columbia, which had many individuals that still claimed the “right” to expand beyond the Appalachian Mountains, the Royal Proclamation of 1763 was revoked allowing Pennsylvania and New York to expand westward. This move was only partially successful as the southern provinces still wanted to expand but could not.

§​

The conflict in India would have a separate treaty at Mangalore in which the British East India Company would no longer have any direct official control in the politics of Mysore, Maratha, and Hyderabad, thought they would still find ways to influence those nations. France would also be free to spread its influence in the areas around French India. They would maintain a larger garrison and control than before but local leaders would still have more autonomy than they would under the British.

***​

Burgundian Order of the Golden Fleece​ The Grand Duke of Burgundy was automatically awarded membership in the Order of the Golden Fleece since it was Burgundy that originally founded the order. The grand duke could also petition to the Archduke of Austria for membership on the behalf of his subjects. Charles Theodore saw this as the first step to fully restoring the order to Burgundy. Joseph II had no intent of allowing a Burgundian branch of the order, and very few awards were given to Burgundians.

The Five Years’ War​
Date	July 3, AD 1778–September 3, AD 1783
Location	Europe, North America, India
Results	Bourbon-Habsburg victory Treaty of Teschen 14th Treaty of Paris Treaty of Mangalore
Territorial changes	Duchy of Bavaria added to the Habsburg Crown Creation of the Grand Duchy of Burgundy from Austrian Netherlands and Further Austria France gains Luxembourg Spain regains Florida Russia gains Second Polish Partition Creation of the United Indian Nations Creation of Cherokee Hegemony Creation of Mississippi Confederation [6] French Shore moved to between Cape St. John and Cape Ray
Belligerents​
Holy Roman Empire Austria Bavaria France New France French India Mysore Maratha Hyderabad Oneida Tuscarora Catawba Lenape Choctaw Mahican Mi’kmaq Abenaki Cheraw Seminole Pee Dee Lumbee Watauga	Prussia Russia Great Britain Columbia British India Hesse-Kessel Hesse-Hanau Waldeck Brunswick Ansbach Anhalt-Zerbst Onondaga Mohawk Cayuga Seneca Mi’kmaq Cherokee Odawa Muscogee Susquehannock Shawnee
Leaders​
Joseph II Charles Theodore Louis XVI †Hyder Ali Tipu Sultan Mahadaji Shinde	Frederick II Catherine II George III

Grand Duchy of Burgundy​ Großherzogtum Burgund (due) Groothertogdom Bourgondië (nld) Grand-Duché de Bourgogne (fra)​
Flag of Burgundy [xxiii], Coat of Arms of Burgundy [xxiv], Location of Burgundy (pink) [xxv]​
Motto:	“Prīncipibus apostolōrum dicāta” (lat) (Dedicated to the chief)
Capital:	Brussels
Official languages:	German, Dutch & French
Religions:	Roman Catholic
Demonym:	Burgundian
Government: Grand Duke:	Absolute Monarchy Charles Theodore
Independence:	from Austria September 3, AD 1783
Currency:	Burgundian kronenthaler (χβ)

Figure 1: The Uniforms of Burgundian Infantry [xxv] and the Burgundian Dragoons [xix] (top to bottom)​

​

Figure 2: Treaty of Mangalor AD 1784 [xxvii]​

---

Footnotes​

a. Excluding Prussia, who had a separate treaty at Teschen a year earlier​

Endnotes​

5. OTL: Portrait of Charles Theodore, Electorate of Bavaria (1724-1799)​

6. No relation to the OTL USA state​

Spoiler: Citations

xxiii. (Therbusch, 1763)​

xxiv. (Modified from source: Buho07, 2012)​

xxv. (Modified from source: Baek, 2014), (Modified from source: Carlodangio, 2017), (Modified from source: Heralder, 2019), (Modified from source: Katepanomegas, 2013), (Modified from source: Kılıç, 2011), (Modified from source: Lemmens, 2011)​

xxvi. (Modified from source: Bignell), (Modified from source: McDonough), (Modified from source: McDonough) (Modified form source: McDonough)​

xxvii. (Modified from source: Entrerriano, 2021), (Modified from source: Hadaril, 2018), (Modified from source: Hadaril, 2018)​

​

Spoiler: Credits

Baek. Heraldic Crown. 19 March 2014. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Couronne_héraldique_svg.svg. Accessed 2 February 2020.​

Bignell, J. Spanish Infantry. “American Revolution (1777-1783)”. https://juniorgeneral.org/index.php/figure/view/SpanishInfantry. Accessed 14 October 2021.​

Buho07. Cross of Burgundy (Template). 2010. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cross_of_Burgundy_(Template).svg. Accessed 28 September 2021.​

Carlodangio. Arms of Eudes de Bourgogne. 10 August 2017. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arms_of_Eudes_de_Bourgogne.svg. Accessed 8 February 2020.​

Entrerriano. Second Polish Partition Patch. “The NextGen OTL Worlda Series”. alternatehistory.com, XenForo Ltd., 18 June 2021. https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/the-nextgen-otl-worlda-series.436046/page-92. Accessed 3 October 2021.​

Hadaril. Beginning of the Napoleonic Wars. “The NextGen OTL Worlda Series”. alternatehistory.com, XenForo Ltd., 30 January 2018. https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/the-nextgen-otl-worlda-series.436046/. Accessed 4 October 2021.​

Hadaril. Rivers. “The NextGen OTL Worlda Series”. alternatehistory.com, XenForo Ltd., 30 January 2018. https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/the-nextgen-otl-worlda-series.436046/. Accessed 3 October 2021.​

Heralder. Coat of Arms of Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria (Order of the Golden Fleece). 3 February 2019. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/...r_of_Bavaria_(Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece).svg. Accessed 30 January 2020.​

Katepanomegas. Generic mantle. 3 October 2013. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Generic_mantle.svg. Accessed 2 February 2020.​

Kılıç, Mevlüt. Lion Supporter of the British Heraldry. 7 July 2011. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lion_Supporter_of_the_British_Heraldry.svg. Accessed 2 February 2020.​

Lemmens, Tom. Ducal Hat. 7 August 2011. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ducal_Hat.svg. Accessed 2 February 2020.​

McDonough, Sean. Hessians 13. “American Revolution (1775-1783)”. https://juniorgeneral.org/index.php/figure/view/Hessians13. Accessed 14 October 2021.​

McDonough, Sean. Hessians 3. “American Revolution (1775-1783)”. https://juniorgeneral.org/index.php/figure/view/Hessians3. Accessed 14 October 2021.​

Therbusch, Anna Dorothea. Portrait of Charles Theodore, Electorate of Bavaria (1724-1799). 1763. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kurfürst_Karl_Theodor_(Bayern).jpg. Accessed 26 September 2021.​

​

 

[da Racontor]

Chapter 7: Amerindian Buffers​

—c. AD 1784—

“They came for land; they took it from whomever they could find.”
A minor Iroquois chief

Coat of Arms of United Indian Nations [xxiii]​

While the Royal Proclamation of 1763 was officially revoked, this did not mean that Columbians were free to settle land a crossed the Appalachian Mountains wherever they wanted. Britain considered the Iroquois Confederacy as an important defensive asset as they were next to the more heavily settled areas of New France. Some settlers from Pennsylvania and New York did attempt to encroach on Iroquois territory. Militia were formed to try and burn the Iroquois out, but British regulars were quartered in the major Iroquois towns. The Columbians did eventually change tactics and reverted to “buying” land from Iroquois. The thing was that the Columbians did not actually care who legally own the land if they had a signed contract. Unfortunately, all the garrisoned British regulars effectively ended any independence the Iroquois did have.

In and around the Ohio Valley, a collection of Amerindian tribes formed the United Indian Nations. The goal of the United Indian Nations was to create a protective confederation to halt Columbian raids and encroachment on Amerindian lands. However, the British government saw an opportunity. They offered the United Indian Nations protectorate status. The British would protect them from the Columbian and the United Indian Nations would act as a buffer state with France.

Even though the United Indian Nations was intended to be a pan-Amerindian state its influence did not stretch all the Indian Reserve [a]. The southern part of the Indian Reserve part of the original Amerindian protectorate discussion at the Treaty of Paris. So, the British government created its own protectorate in that area. To do this they chose the Cherokee tribe to represent their interests in the state. The British government brokered the Treaty of Hopewell; there all the major tribes in the area pledged loyalty to the Cherokee, and the Cherokee to the British. Signing the treaty was not optional and the British government was prepared to use force to make sure of this. But in the end, they did not need to. Any tribe that was large enough to cause a problem realized the danger in not going along and agreed to the treaty.

The last Amerindian protectorate to be created was given to France for protection. France tried to copy the government of Indiana; this did not work as planned. Indiana was originally created by Amerindians themselves and was only coopted by the British. On top of being artificially created, one of the major three tribes (the Chickasaw) viewed the French as a traditional enemy. Thus, the confederation was always in a state of chaos.

***​

North Amerindian Nobility & Statesmen​ The Europeans tried to enforce European style governments on the Amerindian protectorates. Most Amerindians did not notice any direct changes. The protectorates were too decentralized for the changes to affect them. The Europeanized governments of the Amerindians most often took the form of a crowned republic. The North American Amerindians did not have a strict noble class like the Europeans did. However, important Amerindians were awarded the rank of cassique. Cassique was considered the singular noble rank all other titles used by the Amerindians were state offices, religious positions, or cultural positions (e.g., clan mothers, although all clan mothers were also given the rank of cassique). North Amerindian nations would continue to use whatever title they would normally use. However, Europeans would usually translate the title into a few options; mostly taken from the Algonquin language. Werowance was usually (but not always) used for the leaders of multinational confederations. Sachem was used for the leaders of single nations. And sagamores were used for subnational leaders. The position of onontio was given to European viceroys attached to the protectorates.

North Amerindian Heraldry​ With the creation of noble titles came heraldry. The North Amerindians developed a tradition like that of Scotland. Each clan had its own arms, most personal arms were derived from the clan’s arms. And each member of the clan had the right to display the clan’s badge. Because North Amerindian heraldry followed a strict interpretation of Rule of Tincture, despite proper being the most common tincture for charges, it made use of uncommon furs and tinctures, buff being especially popular, to get around the rule. Much to the chagrin of English heralds the tincture of buff also came into use in Columbian heraldry. But buff brought another problem. Amerindians typically used buff as a metal, but Columbians as a color. Later, this problem would be solved by dropping buff as a term, when used as a metal it would be referred to as copper and most usages as a color were tinctured as tenné or brunâtre. The much later African tincture of ochre would suffer the same fate.

United Indian Nations​
Flag of Indiana [7], [xxiv], Arms of Indiana [xxiii], and Location of Indiana (pink) [xxv]​
Capital & largest city:	Kekionga
Languages:	English & various Amerindian languages
Religions:	Various Amerindian religions, Protestantism
Demonym:	Indianan
Government: Protector: Onontio:	Confederation George III Gen. Henry Clinton
Legislature:	Indianan Joint Council
Confederation:	from various Amerindian tribes Recongnized: October 22, AD 1784
Currency:	Indianan wampum (¤) [c], [8]

Cherokee Hegemony​
Flag of Cherokee [xxvi], Arms of Cherokee [d], [xxvii], and Location of Cherokee (pink) [xxv]​
Capital:	Chota
Languages:	English, Cherokee & various Amerindian languages
Religions:	Protestantism & various Amerindian religions
Demonym:	Cherokee
Government: Protector: Uku [e]:	Federal elective monarchy George III Raven of Chota [f]
Legislature:	Cherokee National Counsel
Confederation:	from Great Britain Confederation: September 3, AD 1783
Currency:	Cherokee wampum (¤)

Mississippi Confederation​ Confédération Mississippi (fra)​
Flag of Mississippi [9], [xxviii], Arms of Mississippi [10], [xxix], and Location of Mississippi (light blue) [xxv]​
Capital:	Fort Toulouse
Languages:	French & various Amerindian languages
Religions:	Roman Catholicism & various Amerindian languages
Demonym:	Mississippian
Government: Protector: Onontio:	Confederation Louis XVI Baron of Espérance
Legislature:	Mississippian Joint Council
Confederation:	from Great Britain Confederation: September 3, AD 1783
Currency:	Mississippian wampum (¤)

Footnotes​

a. The British name for the land west of the Appalachian Mountains​

b. The British administration was centered in Kekionga; the Amerindian leadership had no official capital​

c. The wampum was named by Europeans; it was mostly a unit of value not actual wampum shells​

d. The Cherokee along with several other Amerindian nations had two coats of arms, a war arms and a peace arms; pictured is the war arms (the peace arms was the mostly the same but with several elements and tinctures swapped)​

e. chr: “First Beloved Man”​

f. Savanukahwn​

Endnotes​

7. Indiana was used as an unofficial short name; no relation to the OTL USA state​

8. The currency sign “¤” was designed to look like a shell in ATL​

9. While the flag is generally considered contemporary it is doubtful that it was an official flag​

10. It is unknown where this coat of arms came from, and there are no contemporary sources for it​

Spoiler: Citations

xxiii. (Modified from source: AnonMoos, 2013), (Modified from source: Bibar, 2017), (Modified from source: BrCaLeTo, 2017), (Modified from source: Gazilion, 2018), (Modified from source: Heralder, 2013), (Modified from source: Jacques63, 2020), (Modified form source: Jimmy44, 2011), (Modified from source: Odejea, 2009), (Modified from source: Rinaldum, 2006), (Sodacan, 2012)​

xxiv. (Modified from source: Küchler, 2006), (Modified from source: Yaddah, 2006)​

xxv. (Modified from source: Hadaril., 2008), (Modified from source: Hadaril, 2008), (Modified from source: Hadaril, 2008)​

xxvi. (Modified from source: NuclearVacuum, 2016)​

xxvii. (Modified from source: Adelbrecht, 2011), (Modified form source: AnonMoos, 2013), (Modified from source: Odejea, 2009), (Modified from source: Sodacan, 2010), (Modified from source: Sodacan, 2010), (Modified from source: Syryatsu, 2008), (modified from source: Syryatsu, 2008), (Modified from source: Syryatsu, 2012)​

xxviii. (Modified from source: Hoshie, 2006), (Modified from source: Zscout370, 2006)​

xxix. (Modified from source: AnonMoos, 2013), (Modified from source: Disclaser, 2015), (Modified from source: Erlenmeyer, 2014), (GIBERT, 2019), (Sodacan, 2009), (Modified from source: Odejea, 2009), (Modified from source: Tchup2, 2009)​

​

Spoiler: Credits

Adelbrecht. Toque of Counts-Senators of the Empire and of the Kingdom of Italy. 26 September 2011. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toque_des_Comtes-Sénateurs_de_l'Empire_et_du_Royaume_d'Italie.svg. 31 October 2021.​

AnonMoos. Heraldic Crescent. 5 February 2013. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heraldic_crescent.svg. Accessed 19 October 2021.​

Bibar. Heraldic Charge Deer Rampant. 17 July 2017. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meuble_héraldique_cerf_rampant.svg. Accessed 19 October 2021.​

BrCaLeTo, Coat of Arms of Penaforte. 15 March 2017. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brasão_de_Penaforte_-_CE.svg. Accessed 19 October 2021.​

Disclaser. 4 Pointed Star. 27 February 2015. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:4_Point_Star.png. Accessed 27 November 2021.​

Erlenmeyer. Lining - Vair. 10 March 2014. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Forro_-_veros.svg. Accessed 23 November 2021.​

Jacques63. Heraldic Charge Turtle Passant. 26 March 2020. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meuble_héradique_tortue_passante.svg. Accessed 17 October 2021.​

Jimmy44. Ext Orn Knight of the Empire. 26 September 2011. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Orn_ext_chevalier_de_l'Empire.svg. Accessed 1 November 2021.​

Hoshie. Flag of Guadeloupe (local) Variant. 18 November 2006. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guadeloupe_(local)_variant.svg. Accessed 4 November 2021.​

Gazilion, Coronet of Knight - Portugal. 18 January 2018. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coronet_of_Knight_-_Portugal.svg. Accessed 18 October 2021.​

GIBERT, Jean-Paul. Heraldic Furniture Tomahawk. 4 December 2019. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meuble_héraldique_Tomahawk.svg. Accessed 23 November 2021.​

Küchler, Gunter. Flag of the United States of America (1795–1818). 10 February 2006. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_of_America_(1795–1818).svg. Accessed 17 October 2021.​

NuclearVacuum. Proposed Flag of Canada (1930). 15 July 2016. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Proposed_Flag_of_Canada_(1930).svg. Accessed 25 June 2021​

Odejea. Circular Female Coat of Arms 3D. 18 November 2009. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blason_féminin_circulaire_3D.svg. Accessed 17 October 2021.​

Rinaldum. Heraldic Charge Crane. 24 August 2006. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Héraldique_meuble_grue.svg. Accessed 19 October 2021.​

Sodacan. Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1801-1816). 20 July 2010. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1801-1816).svg. Accessed 19 October 2021.​

Sodacan. Grand Royal Coat of Arms of France. 15 October 2009. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_France.svg. Accessed 23 November 2021.​

Sodacan. Torse of a British Gentlemen. 20 July 2010. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Torse_of_a_British_Gentleman.svg. Accessed 1 November 2021.​

Syryatsu. Heraldic Charge Horse Passant. 14 November 2012. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meuble_héraldique_Cheval_passant1.svg. Accessed 24 October 2021.​

Syryatsu. Heraldic Charge Wolf Passant. 12 June 2008. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meuble_héraldique_Loup_passant.svg. Accessed 24 October 2021.​

Syryatsu. Heraldic Charge Wolf Rampant. 12 June 2008. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meuble_héraldique_Loup_ravissant.svg. Accessed 2 November 2021.​

Tchup2. Flute. 7 April 2009. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flute.svg. Accessed 23 November 2021 2021.​

Zscout370. Flag of the Free State of Ikaria (1912). 16 July 2006. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Free_State_of_Ikaria.svg. Accessed 27 November 2021.​

​

---

Just a small addition to the "Columbian Nobility" box back in III-2. Any Dutch patroons that were still around were aloud to continue calling themselves a patroon and would be referred to as such in documents, but legally they were classified as a cassique.

 

[da Racontor]

How do people feel about side bars about complete nothing to do with anything and don't have any actual reason to change?

Such as the development of a new chess variation or orthography trends that are just me adding things to give the word a new flavor for the sake of flavor?

 

[DanMcCollum]

How do people feel about side bars about complete nothing to do with anything and don't have any actual reason to change?

Such as the development of a new chess variation or orthography trends that are just me adding things to give the word a new flavor for the sake of flavor?

I've always loved things like that - it makes the world feel more real and lived in. And those tangents can be fascinating.

 

[da Racontor]

So I will apologies is I go a bit overboard with the chess variants. I recently found a computer program/phone app that lets you create you own variants and pieces so I have been playing around with that the past few days.

French Chess​ French Chess started as a popular house rule agreement in French cafes. It seems to have started because the bishops in are called “fou” (fra: “fool”) and the standard move set of a bishop seemed too powerful for a piece literally called the fool. At first, the piece’s movement was just shortened to one square while keeping the original directions. The evolution of the fool did not stop there. Whether or not the players tried to balance the fool more or it was replaced with combined with the medieval courier chess piece by the same name is unknow, but the fool soon changed began to be able to move one square in any orthogonal direction as well. The only other change was that pawns could only promote to pieces that were already captured. Latter in English it sometimes be referred to as a jester or standardized as a wazir mann. French Chess quickly displaced standard chess in France. The lack of the bishop made the queen slightly more powerful which some saw as representative of Marie Antoinette’s time as queen. While French Chess also displaced standard chess in New France, chess itself was less popular to the development of its own variant of checkers. In Anglophone areas, this variant was seldom played until the modern day. This was because many thought that the replacement of the bishop with a piece called the fool was an anticlerical move. (Which it was not. The name fou was derived from the piece’s older name in pre-standard chess, the “aufin” ultimately coming from the name “alfil” [“elephant”].) Figure 1: Symbol of the Fool [xxx]

Spoiler: Citations

xxx. (NikNaks, 2013)​

​

​

Spoiler: Credits

[NikNaks. Chess Flt26. 7 April 2013. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chess_Flt26.svg. Accessed January 11 2022./SPOILER]​

[Edit: Added a rule about pawn promotion.]
[Double edit: Nurfed the fool again.]
[Removed]

 

[da Racontor]

Part IV will start the era of the French Revolution, it will also start be the place where I will start making most of my changes from the original.

 

[da Racontor]

First chapter of part IV later today.
But two questions for you guys:

Do you guys have any interests that you want to see as extra sidebars? I right now I only have plans for more board games, orthography, and heraldry (including revisiting Native American heraldry at some point).​

​

Also, what to you all think about including OTL literally allusions in culture building?​

 

[Mister Mister]

First chapter of part IV later today.
But two questions for you guys:

Do you guys have any interests that you want to see as extra sidebars? I right now I only have plans for more board games, orthography, and heraldry (including revisiting Native American heraldry at some point).​

​

Also, what to you all think about including OTL literally allusions in culture building?​

Excellent.

Don't see the reason for French Chess trough.