TL: Children of the Plains of Abraham Revised (A New France & more timeline)

[da Racontor]

I hope everyone like footnotes.

Working on future chapter right now, and I've run had to start doubling the symbols...

 

[da Racontor]

Chapter 4: Other Rebels in America​

—AD 1812 – AD 1815—

“Stella nova! [*]”
Vermont Rebellion’s Battle Cry

Battle of Chateauguay [civ]​

While the loyalist where the most common form of rebels in the American states, they were not the only ones. The New Hampshire Grants had been governed first by New York and under the commonwealth it was still not independent after reorganization. The Vermonters (as they referred to themselves as) did not ally themselves to either side. Both sides considered the Vermont to be a part of somewhere else so they declared the Second Vermont Republic. The Vermonters primarily fought against local militias from the surrounding area. The battles were limited mostly to raids.

Another independent rebellion was led by General James Wilkinson in the territories recently annexed from the Commonwealth of Indiana. Gen. Wilkinson, himself, seems to have taken advantage of the general chaos to get himself appointed supreme commander in the area. However, his appointment was not recognized by the commonwealth government so they treated him as a traitor. He also did not openly support the return of the monarchy so he was not a loyalist. Wilkinson’s rebels generally fought commonwealth aligned militia, and like the Vermont rebels the battles consisted of mostly trading raids.

The oddest rebellion had to be the Republic of Madawaska. The republic was in the former New Brunswick. The area had become home to many Acadian refugees who had escaped the expulsion back in AD 1755 - AD 1764 but did not go to Louisiana. However, it was not the Acadians, themselves, who declared the republic. Instead, the republic would be organized and declared by an English speaker named John Baker. Colonel Baker (as he would be known as despite not having a military rank) was a large timberland owner in the area. The ongoing conflicts were disrupting his business, so to save it, he declared the republic and declared it officially neutral. This way he could theoretically sell lumber to all sides. The Acadians did not care much for the commonwealth so they, by in large, supported the new republic. As the Republic of Madawaska posed no actual threat, it saw the least amount of fighting compared to other groups. In fact, because the headquarters republic was in the St. John Valley, which was not the population center and many of the Acadians had spread out to avoid the commonwealth, it is quite possible that many of them did not even know they were living in the small republic.

***​

Footnotes​

* lat: "The new star!​

Spoiler: Citations

civ. (Julien, 1813)​

​

Spoiler: Credits

Julien, Henri. Battle of Chateauguay. 1813. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Chateauguay.jpg. Accessed 13 November 2022.​

​

 

[da Racontor]

Chapter 5: The Final Coalition​

—AD 1812—

“It was the last great coalition against republicanism.”
The English Annals

Motor mechanism of the wheeled boat of the Marquis de Jouffroy (section and elevation) [cv]​

While the American states would have inevitably been hit the worst by an interventionist war, the idea of another war was not popular with many people in the British Isles either. But there was no immediate rebellion there.

Shortly after the fall of the Indian Commonwealth, Sir Arthur Wellesley had traveled to continental Europe to find help restoring the House of Hanover to the throne of England. He had no trouble finding European courts willing and sympathetic to his cause. No one on the continent like the English Commonwealth. However, the courts had been firmly divided between French and Austrian sides since the War of the Second Confederation. If it was not for the rebellion in the American States, it would be highly likely that Sir Wellesley would have not found anyone willing to help. The internal hostility between the two sides was still at an all-time high. But with an open rebellion in the commonwealth, the powers of Europe were ready to circle around England like sharks to a sinking ship. Sir Wellesley brought all the resources of British India, he also managed to convince Admiral Nelson to come out of his second retirement for the operation (the admiral had retired after the Commonwealth was proclaimed to avoid serving under it).

Lisbon served as the neutral ground for the diplomats to work out a plan for the War of the Great Coalition. There, the plans for the invasion were hammered out. The English Navy was the most pressing issue to deal with. Even with the combined navies of France, the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherland, and Spain the new coalition was still warry of the English Navy’s reputation. Despite not having any naval training, Cst. Bonaparte had a large hand in the strategic planning.

Even though the nations of the continent were officially at peace with the English Commonwealth they had never stopped preparing for a conflict with them. Sure, the Wars of the Confederation made them modify those plans, but defeating the commonwealth was always a long-term goal. France especially had been continually constructing transportation barges and other such crafts. It even had a few prototype steamboats [*] designed by the Marquess of Jouffroy d’Abbans (not enough to make a difference).

***​

Footnote​

* None of which were warships​

Spoiler: Citations

cv. (Figuier, 1867 - 1891)​

​

Spoiler: Credits

Figuier, Louis. The Marvels of Science. 1867 - 1891. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:T1-_d170_-_Fig._85._—_Mécanisme_du_bateau_du_marquis_de_Jouffroy.png?uselang=fr. Accessed 11February 2023.​

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[da Racontor]

Chapter 6: The Isles War​

—AD 1812 – AD 1815—

“It was the second Saxon invasion.”
The English Annals

Boulogne Harbor, Napoleon's army to invade England encamped in the hills behind [cvi]​

The increased preparations were not easy to hide. The English Commonwealth declared a pre-emptive before the end of the year AD 1812. The plan was to using the forces they were building up for intervention in Spanish America to directly destroy the coalition’s invasion force. The plan had no serious end goal, but that did not make a difference because the attempted beachheads in Spain and the Netherlands failed to materialize.

In early AD 1815, a rebellion in Ireland gave the Great Coalition an opportunity to attack directly, as the English Commonwealth tried to crack down on the rebellion has hard as possible. By March, the invasion plan was put into motion. A multinational armada engaged the English Navy in the English Channel. While a few of the warships hid in the Channel Islands, most of them feigned an attack on the Caribbean. Fearing the loss of the lucrative sugar plantations the English Navy gave chase. With the bulk of the Channel fleet gone the invasion flotilla began to move. The warships that hid in the Channel Islands sailed out to act as guards when the few English ships that were left attacked. It was then that Adm. Nelson moved into action, he commanded the defense of the flotilla from the deck of Hanoverian ship. According to legend, Adm. Nelson raised his own personal standard (a debased version of his coat of arms) to signal that it was he who led the invasion. Awed by the presence of the admiral, most of the English ships struck their colors. Even if this legend is untrue, Adm. Nelson protected enough of the transports for the landing to be a success.

While enemy troops on English soil did come as a bit of a surprise, they were not caught completely unprepared. The coalition landed near Chatham, Kent, so the English Army assembled in Dartford. But the English internal enemies [62] took action. Ireland was already in a full-scale rebellion which drained troops from Dartford. In the north, a Scottish rebellion had broken out requiring military attention. And these were in addition to the numerous small-scale riots that were happening all over the English countryside.

Cst. Bonaparte had supreme command of the coalition forces in Britain (not without protest), and he marched the coalition troops from the landing towards Dartford as soon as he knew the English army was there. He did so fast enough that he almost left some of the coalitions forces behind.

The commonwealth knew that the city garrison stood little chance against a united coalition army under Cst. Bonaparte. The order was given for all commonwealth forces to abandon their positions and engage Cst. Bonaparte. This resulted in a rather haphazard mobilization.

When the two armies met at Dartford, they were about the same size. Unfortunately for the commonwealth, much of their army consisted of militia, militia that was forced to fight in lines in a pitched battle. The English militia almost broke after the coalition’s opening bombardment, but the commanders managed to keep them in line. But after an hour of exchanging volleys, the militia units fled. And no amount of coaxing from the commanders could stop them. Without the militia, the regulars were too outnumbered to put up a decent fight. They retreated from the field and proceeded to bolster the defense of London. Cst. Bonaparte, too, made a beeline for London, sending his cavalry to harass the retreating English regulars.

Before the English regulars reached London, messengers had informed the commonwealth government of the Battle of Dartford. They sent the messengers back out to call all available troops to London. And, before the regulars arrived, the commonwealth leadership abandoned London and Windsor. When the English soldiers arrived, they locked down the walls. The confederation army was not large enough put London under a proper siege. Instead, Cst. Bonaparte setup camp just out of reach of London’s cannons.

As the coalition army camped, Cst. Bonaparte contented himself with bombarding the city in between the unorganized arrival of English reinforcements. These bombardments did little to weaken the city, they only served to ferment resentment among the people. The English reinforcement though, did even less to help London. The recall order was not coordinated and was a political order that bypassed the military command, as a result the coalition army picked off the individual columns as they arrived.

It would not be Cst. Bonaparte or any other member of the coalition army that would enter the city though. While the commonwealth regulars drained their numbers in against the coalition camp, those English who were unhappy with the commonwealth grew bolder. And within three days, an English, loyalist group had formed near London. It was to the loyalists that London opened its gates and surrendered.

§​

Without London and England to support them, the commonwealth forces in North America surrendered to the loyalists when they heard the news. And England’s sister republics did not last long with the entirety of the Great Coalition coming down on them one by one.

As for the non-aligned rebellions in North America, Gen. Wilkinson was captured which ended his rebellion. Vermont ended up negotiating an arrangement with the loyalist, joining their side. The Madawaskans were not taken seriously like before. And the governors of Québec and Montréal surrendered to the New French partisans.

***​

Endnotes​

62. ATL term: “internal enemy” (pl. internal enemies), noun: a fifth column, from Plato’s Republic.​

Spoiler: Citations

cvi. (Pocock, c. 1804-1805)​

​

Spoiler: Credits

Pocock, Nicholas. Boulogne Harbour, Napoleon's army to invade England encamped in the hills behind. c. 1804 - 1805. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boulogne_Harbour,_Napoleon's_army_to_invade_England_encamped_in_the_hills_behind.jpg. Accessed 3 January 2023.​

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[da Racontor]

Chapter 7: Louis XVII's Folly​

—AD 1815—

Nous sommes le Roi de France et nous sommes le Roi des Français. [*] [63]
Louis XVII

Propaganda Map of a Conquered British Isles [†] [cvii]​

Leaderless, the were no significant areas for the Commonwealth to hold out in. Almost all its leadership seemed to vanish as they went into hiding. This did not mean that the work was over though. The nation had to be rebuilt, but also the terms of peace had to be agreed upon. Without debate, George IV was handed the crown [‡]. But the negotiations began before George IV was officially crowned, or had a government. A few English loyalist were present at the negotiations, but diplomats from Hanover were considered the primary negotiators.

The first matter was simple, what to do with the British Isles themselves. And the answer was to let the English build a new government. There was no serious fear of the republican influence sneaking in. George IV had spent the entire time in Hanover and it was expected that much of his government would be Hanoverians or former émigré loyalists. The same applied to the government in British America.

It was the sister republics that caused the trouble. Charles IV claimed the Balearic Islands, Victor Emmanuel I never renounced the title of King of Sardinia, and Ferdinand IV & III never renounced the title King of Sicily. For them the return of the islands were non-negotiable. The Prince of Talleyrand also stated that the return of Corsica to France was supposed to be non-negotiable as well, however the rest of the negotiations would change that.

After that the question was what to do with British India and Indiana. And Louis XVII, who was personally present despite the protests of his ministers, had other plans. Up until now, Louis XVII had let his ministers do most of the governing. Because of his exile at an early age, he had no taste for politics or economics [§]. Like his father, Louis XVII was an idealist. And one of his ideals was that he was the protector of all the French people and it was his duty to see that their rights would not be infringed upon. And the easiest way to do this was to ensure he was their monarch. In return for a smooth and complete transfer of New France back to France Britain would be allowed to keep its Indian and Indianan possessions. Some colonial borders were renegotiated in favor of the British. But since the rebellion of the Chickasaw and others, this was most likely in France’s best interest as well since they no longer had any influence in the area. Up until now, everything was considered the default option, but it was Louis XVII insistence that the so called “Madawaska Republic” be included in the transfer that caused the problem. Since the Madawaskans were the descendants of survivors of the Acadian Deportation Louis XVII saw them as his subjects under the title of “King of the French”. The Prince of Talleyrand and the other French ministers had no specific objection to gaining the area, however it was the lengths at which Louis XVII demanded they go to get it that was the problem. The Acadians, themselves, seemed to care little for the matter either way. They had become quite used to depending on their local communities and did not care whose face was on the coins so long as they could continue their way or life.

Despite being on the same side, not all the members of the Great Coalition were truly allied to France. And they certainly were not going to let France just annex territory for free when they did not receive anything. They also would very much like to see France lose a very strategic position in the Mediterranean, such as Corsica. Louis XVII was perfectly happy trading Acadia [‖] for Corsica. Corsica had not been technically part of the kingdom since before his reign so they were not really loosing anything, and after all, Acadians were French and Corsicans were not. Since the French king had made his wishes publicly known, it was an issue that the other diplomates at the Congress of Hamburg capitalized on. It was only after the king threatened to sign the treaty without their consent that the French diplomats resented, hoping to be able to minimize the damage that would follow. To add salt to the wound, since Corsicans were Italians, and Tuscany was the only larger Italian state present that did not already have to reincorporate a former republican territory the congress presented the island to them.

This was not the first disagreement between Louis XVII and his ministers, but it was the first to become widely known. And the first to make the king a great deal of enemies. Back in France the ministers treated The Congress of Hamburg as a scandal, all to the fault of the king. At this point, only a few openly criticized him, but behind closed doors, they were more than happy to foster the image that Louis XVII was a spoiled child.

***​

	War of the Great Coalition​
Date	18 June AD 1812 – 8 July AD 1815
Location	Europe, North America & India
Results	Great Coalition victory: • 14th Treaty of Paris • The Congress of Hamburg
Territorial exchanges	• The dissolution of England, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, India & Indiana, • The return of the Balearic Islands, Sardinia & Sicily • Redrawing of the South Eastern North American border, • The transfer of Corsica to Tuscany, • The Transfer of Acadia to France.
	Belligerents
France, Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Sardinia, Naples, Netherlands, English Loyalists.	England, Corsica, the Balearic Islands, Sardinia, Sicily, Indiana.
	Leaders
Louis XVII, Cst. Bonaparte, Francis II, George IV, Charles IV, Victor Emmanuel I, Ferdinand IV & III, Arthur Wellesley.	Henry Hunt

***​

Map of the World after the Congress of Hamburg [cviii]​

***​

Footnotes​

* fra: We are the King of France and we are the King of the French [¶] [63].​

† A contemporary fiction.​

‡ The abdication of George III was still considered legal as the commonwealth did not perform their coup until after. George III was still the Elector of Hanover though.​

§ In his posthumously published bibliography, he actually admitted that he was not good at either as well.​

‖ The name Louis XVII used to refer to the Madawaska area.​

¶ Louis XVII title “King of the French” was used concurrently with “King of France”, it was intended to refer to him being king of all French people even if they were not citizens of France proper. He added the phrase to the official style of the French sovereign, and later, many other monarchs would imitate this, especially if they had colonies or dominions.​

Footnotes​

63. Royal We​

Spoiler: Citations

cvii. (Modified from source: Crazy Boris, 2022)​

cviii. (Modified from source: Hadaril, 2018), (Modified from source: EnjoyerAlternateHistory, 2023)​

​

Spoiler: Credits

Crazy Boris. December 2 1856, Battle of Ndondakusuka. “Q-Bam Historical Map Thread.” alternatehistory.com, XenForo Ltd., 2010-2021. https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/q-bam-historical-map-thread.404984/page-115. Accessed 26 December 2022.​

EnjoyerofAlternateHistory. Land Claims by Tribe. “The NextGen OTL Worlda Series.” alternatehistory.com, XenForo Ltd., 2010-2021. https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/the-nextgen-otl-worlda-series.436046/page-130. Accessed 26 March 2023.​

Hadaril. 1815 AD The Concert of Europe. “The NextGen OTL Worlda Series.” alternatehistory.com, XenForo Ltd., 2010-2021. https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/the-nextgen-otl-worlda-series.436046/. Accessed 11 February 2023.​

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And thus, the Wars of Coalition come to a close as does Part VIII.
I'm still working on Part IX so we'll see how long before we find out what happens to new government in Britain.

 

[da Racontor]

Noticed some errors in the last French uniforms while I was working on the British uniforms. Here is the fix.

Fusiliers, Foot Chasseurs, Grenadiers,​

Artillery, Engineers,​

Hussars, Lancers, Horse Chasseurs,​

Carabineers, Cuirassiers, Dragoons​

Also added a cockade to the French flags (the fleur de lys is actually a mandatory pin)

Spoiler: Credit Addresses for the new parts for the cockade

File:Fleur de lys (or).svg - Wikimedia Commons

commons.wikimedia.org

File:Free French Air Forces Roundel.svg - Wikimedia Commons

commons.wikimedia.org

[Edit: more uniform fixes. I swear I am still working on the new chapter still]

 

[Mister Mister]

I wonder, why didn't the French ask for Prince Rupert's Land?

 

[da Racontor]

I wonder, why didn't the French ask for Prince Rupert's Land?

The French diplomats being stubborn between themselves and the king.

When the French diplomats originally refused the king's offer to release Corsica to enable them to gain Acadia he doubled down hard on the whole "each peoples have a right to their proper king" thing. And since Prince Rupert's Land was originally British claiming it kinda defeated his own argument.

And the diplomats didn't ask for it on their because own because of how flustered they were with dealing with the king and the other negotiating powers would probably try to get something else for them to "maintain balance".

 

[Mister Mister]

A question- I know its far future- what money would use one day independent Canada?

 

[da Racontor]

A question- I know its far future- what money would use one day independent Canada?

I love questions like this. And I have spent way TOO much time thinking about things like this on my own.

So what I have so far is, and I doubt this is that big a spoiler, that while Canada is a dominion of France it would use the Canadian livre (£). It would be pegged one to one with the French livre. Decimalization was stillborned with the fall of English Commonwealth, so the account divisions are 1 £ = 20s (sou) = 240d (denier). The term Franc would be an unofficial, colloquial name for a livre, that may or may not be more commonly used depending on the time period, location, situation, and person.

Now while the Canadian livre's value and the actual minted/printed denominations are pegged to the French livre the designs would be very soon unique to Canada. Modern denominations would be:

Coins: 1¼s (1s60d), 2½s (2s120d), 5s, 10s, 1£, 2½£ (2£10s), 5£, 10£ (uneven coin amounts were not that rare in the past).​

Banknotes: 25£, 50£, 100£, 250£, 500£, 1000£, 2500£.​

Coin designs would be pretty standard, picture of the king's head on the front and Canadian coat of arms on the back, 5 and 10£ coins having the greater coat of arms while the smaller coins would have lesser designs, and the 1¼s would have just a badge. The colors, edges and size would also vary by denomination with the lowest two being copper, the middle four silver, and the last two gold (color only for them all).
Banknotes would actually be designed as a modern reference to card money. The "£" would replace the suite and the larger three bills would designed after face cards, with the king as the face. Their backs would have some sort of intricate design on them representing the Canadian government and serving as a form of counterfeit protection.
The value would be about 1£ = $5.40 US OTL.

Please if you have any more questions like this don't hesitate to ask. I have tons of random concept that I either forget about when writing the chapter or they just don't fit anywhere as well as unconnected glimpses of what contemporary ATL would look like.

 

[Mister Mister]

I love questions like this. And I have spent way TOO much time thinking about things like this on my own.

So what I have so far is, and I doubt this is that big a spoiler, that while Canada is a dominion of France it would use the Canadian livre (£). It would be pegged one to one with the French livre. Decimalization was stillborned with the fall of English Commonwealth, so the account divisions are 1 £ = 20s (sou) = 240d (denier). The term Franc would be an unofficial, colloquial name for a livre, that may or may not be more commonly used depending on the time period, location, situation, and person.

Now while the Canadian livre's value and the actual minted/printed denominations are pegged to the French livre the designs would be very soon unique to Canada. Modern denominations would be:

Coins: 1¼s (1s60d), 2½s (2s120d), 5s, 10s, 1£, 2½£ (2£10s), 5£, 10£ (uneven coin amounts were not that rare in the past).​

Banknotes: 25£, 50£, 100£, 250£, 500£, 1000£, 2500£.​

Coin designs would be pretty standard, picture of the king's head on the front and Canadian coat of arms on the back, 5 and 10£ coins having the greater coat of arms while the smaller coins would have lesser designs, and the 1¼s would have just a badge. The colors, edges and size would also vary by denomination with the lowest two being copper, the middle four silver, and the last two gold (color only for them all).
Banknotes would actually be designed as a modern reference to card money. The "£" would replace the suite and the larger three bills would designed after face cards, with the king as the face. Their backs would have some sort of intricate design on them representing the Canadian government and serving as a form of counterfeit protection.
The value would be about 1£ = $5.40 US OTL.

Please if you have any more questions like this don't hesitate to ask. I have tons of random concept that I either forget about when writing the chapter or they just don't fit anywhere as well as unconnected glimpses of what contemporary ATL would look like.

Yeah, it seems logical. If Canada evolves into more egalitarian society than France, maybe franc can be the name of it's money. On the other hand, naming the money after France, maybe Canada wouldn't want that?

So, you think that decimalisation is finished for good?

 

[da Racontor]

Yeah, it seems logical. If Canada evolves into more egalitarian society than France, maybe franc can be the name of it's money. On the other hand, naming the money after France, maybe Canada wouldn't want that?

All depends on how. Since it's not something I've planned for I couldn't say.

So, you think that decimalisation is finished for good?

Yes, but only because I have a personal dislike for it so I'm "weighing the scale".
There would be other proposals and attempts at decimalization but they never stick.

(My problem with decimalization is not a problem with the system itself. Moreso the human brain doesn't care so long as you practice it enough. Making the claims about it's "inherit superiority" annoying. Rant done 🙂)

 

[da Racontor]

O, and a note about the 1815 map. expect the Spanish Americas to change. I forgot when making the map that I haven't done much planning for that area yet. And I won't be finalizing anything there until I start writing Part X.

 

[da Racontor]

So I have an odd update today (I am still working on the next chapter, there are just a lot of images so I'm going to be a while ).

Now, I am going to do a proper fashion update (probably somewhere within the next part 🤞), But I haven't had one yet because it is very hard to talk about a negative in a universe written timeline. Basically, since the republican movement of the French Revolution stalled the very elaborate style of the prerevolution nobles are still prominent in high fashion. And styles that the revolution made fashionable (directory style, such as neo-classical dress for women) are not.

[superseded by later post]

And now because I've been thinking about it for some reason lately, I'm going to answer the question no one asked. What the Western dress code looks like in modern ATL. This only applies to western countries, non-western countries will have adopted their own dress codes inspired (in varying levels) by the West, but a wholesale replacement of non-western dress did not happen in ATL as it did for OTL. (Also, this is the modern "traditional" Western dress code, not necessarily what someone in ATL 2023 would actual go out and wear.

	Men		Women		Military	Academic	Legal	Religious
	Day	Night	Day	Night
Ceremonial [1]	Wedding Suit (black frock coat, white waistcoat, black dress breeches, white hose, dressed boots (with short high heels), white gloves, white ascot)	Wedding Suit	White Wedding Dress & White Veil (traditional OTL)	White Wedding Dress & White Veil	Wedding Suit/Dress with awards/regalia	Wedding Suit/Dress	Wedding Suit/Dress	By tradition ( OTL [2])
Formal	Patterned [3] Morning Dress with black dress breeches, white hose & Chapeau-Bras	Patterned White Tie & Chapeau-Bras	Colored [5] Skirt Suit or Colored Riding Habit or Colored Coatdress Suit (colored coatdress, blouse, petticoat, dress shoes) & pillbox hat (unless in certain Churches)	Patterned Ballroom Gown & mantle & Fascinator & Evening Gloves	Parade Dress (generally the 19th century uniform)	Traditional	Traditional	By tradition (OTL)
Semi-Formal	Patterned Lounge Suit & Homburg	Patterned Black Tie & Homburg	Colored [5] Skirt Suit or Colored Riding Habit or Colored Coatdress Suit (colored coatdress, blouse, petticoat, dress shoes) & pillbox hat (unless in certain Churches)	Patterned Robe de style & Opera Cloak & Fascinator & Evening Gloves	Mess Dress (OTL equivalent) & Chapeau-Bras	Traditional	Traditional	By tradition (OTL)
Informal	Patterned Business Suit & Trilby or Fedora	Patterned Business Suit & Trilby or Fedora	Colored [5] Skirt Suit or Colored Riding Habit or Patterned Coatdress Suit (patterned coatdress, blouse, petticoat, dress shoes) & pillbox hat (unless in certain Churches)	Patterned Peplum Jacket, Blouse, Dress Skirt, High Heels & Doll Hat	Service Dress (OTL equivalent)	Traditional	Traditional	By tradition (OTL)
Casual	Smoking Suit & Smoking Hat, or Sports Coat, Dress Shirt, Dress Pants, Loafers, or OTL	Smoking Suit & Smoking Hat, or Sports Coat, Dress Shirt, Dress Pants, Loafers, or OTL	Tea Gown, or Patterned Suit Coat, Dress Blouse, Dress Skirt, Flats, or OTL	Tea Gown, or Patterned Suit Coat, Dress Blouse, Dress Skirt, Flats, or OTL	Battle Dress (OTL equivalent)	OTL	OTL	By tradition (OTL)
Work	Jump Suit [4] & Flat cap	Jump Suit & Flat cap	Romper Suit & Leggings & Nurses hat	Romper Suit & Leggings & Nurses hat	Fatigues (OTL)	OTL	OTL	By tradition (OTL)

1. For most people ceremonial refers only to the bride and grooms attire in weddings (the same styles also applies to baptisms, confirmation etc.) Any other styles would be dependent on the specific ceremony.
2. With the exception of any Christian denomination that have since adopted a business suit style in OTL, they would use a simplified plain cassock in ATL.
3. Black coats are avoided since the wedding suit uses black unless it for mourning; patterns such as pinstripes are popular.
4. Doesn't have the same connotation as OTL, may be used simply to protect other clothing.
5. White is avoided except by those who have the privilège du blanc (Roman Catholic queens); black was generally only used in mourning; patterns such as floral are popular.

Note that people who have other styles (such as academic) would be expected to wear that style at events regardless to whether the event is related to the style.
Other changes are that non-baseball hats (both men and women) remained popular, men's dress shoes will also often have high heels (but not extravagant high heels, never more than what is found on riding/cowboy boots) and the most ASB change of all! Nearly all dresses and other woman's clothing have functional pockets!
Also there are many regional/national variations, especially when it comes to hats and color patterns (or lack there of). Weather and what the person is doing also matter a great deal.

[edited]
[added hats]
[more edits]
[more more edits]

 

[da Racontor]

Normally I would wait until after I get a more work on the next chapters done before posting, but since that is going to have a lot of picture work and I have another freelance project (though not as long) to do I'm not waiting.

Also, fair warning! If you are not a fan of how I have been handling butterflies in this timeline, I doubt this will be your favorite update.

---

Part IX: The Building of Modern Nations​

Chapter I: The Hanoverian Restoration​

—AD 1815—

Bī Godes Āre [*}
Motto of the United Kingdom of the British Isles

Coat of arms of the United Kingdom of the British Isles [†] [‡] [cix]​

While there was no question that George IV was going to be king; that was the only answered question that the British had. The English Commonwealth had tried to control every aspect of life during its sixteen-year long reign. And all the reforms it had enacted had left a bad taste in the peoples’ mouths. This left a rare opportunity for those now in charge of building the monarchy again. While they could have simply tried to restored everything back to the way they were before the commonwealth, after almost two decades, that would have been just as hard as creating a new country in their own designs. And what did George IV think of all of this? So long as he was king and kept most of his father’s royal privileges, “I do not care what the window dressings looked like [64]”.

Because of the English Commonwealth’s emulation of the short-lived French Republic, much of its reforms were either based on or copied directly from the republic. This was seen by the common people as an attempt to cause Francization (despite France disavowing anything to do with the former republic). As a result, the concept of the Norman Yoke [§] exploded in popularity even among those who were only slightly familiar with the history. The ideas of people such as Sir Walter Scott became pillars of thought almost overnight. Using the Norman Yoke in building the new kingdom also seemed the easiest way to lend legitimacy to it. It also helped that the continental leadership that was being brought over to help was from Hannover. This was propagated as the “new union of the Angles and the Saxons.”

§​

First order of business was to form the actual new government and its laws. Despite all the talk about bringing back the Merrie Olde England of before the Normans, much of the actual important laws and procedures were not any different from the old kingdom. They created a united kingdom similar to the United Kingdom of Great Britain that existed prior to the commonwealth. The union would be of the kingdoms of England and Ireland. Scotland would now be included as a part of England proper. The Island of Mann would also be incorporated into the kingdom as a crown land.

The commonwealth had tried to force the idea that an independent Scotland was nothing more than a pre-modern relic, and that its people should be no different than the rest of England. The new united kingdom saw no reason to alter this specific idea. They also took the opportunity to write down a constitution. The constitution was approved only moments before the Acts of Union 1815. Though the constitution had no provisions for how to make changes [65]. To support the new government, the county system from the United Kingdom of Great Britain was also brought back.

§​

While the government and laws mostly reverted to what existed pre-commonwealth, the same could not be said for noble titles. The privileges that nobles enjoyed were mostly the same, and everyone who had a title before the commonwealth was given an equivalent title, barring those collaborators who lost theirs, and a few loyalists who gained new ones. What changed was the names of their titles. The new titles were a chimera of English, Old English, and German. Starting from the top:

• King/queen: the highest noble rank in the kingdom with only one holder, the monarch. Known as the King of the United Kingdom of the British Isles. Styled as “Britannic Great Highness.” And had the official style of: “by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of the British Isles King, and Lord Regnant of New Albion, Defender of the Faith, Arch-treasurer, Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, High King of India, and Great Patriarch of Indiana [†] [‖] [66]."
• Primarch: is the equivalent of the Germanic title “Fürst” (ruling prince). Before the reforms it this title was combined with prince/princess. There were no primarchs in the kingdom.
• Prince/Princess [¶]: this was used as courtesy titles for members of the royal family. A few principalities were renamed and had their coats of arms modified to remove any French or Norman connotation. Styled as “Great Highness.”
• Duke/Duchess [#]: a few duchies were renamed and had their coats of arms modified to remove any French or Norman connotation or to resemble an Anglo-Saxon petty kingdom.
• Markgrave/Markgravine: a direct replacement for marquess. Beyond the word substitution the only other change was that a few markgraviates were renamed and had their coats of arms modified to remove any French or Norman connotation.
• Earl/She-earl: the only change was that a few earldoms were renamed and had their coats of arms modified to remove any French or Norman connotation or to resemble an Anglo-Saxon petty kingdom.
• Vizegrave/Vizegravine: a direct replacement for viscount. Beyond the word substitution the only other change was that a few vizegraviates were renamed and had their coats of arms modified to remove any French or Norman connotation.
• Free Lord/Free Lady: a direct replacement for baron. Beyond the word substitution the only other change was that a few Free Lorddoms were renamed and had their coats of arms modified to remove any French or Norman connotation.
• Free Knight/Free Lady: a direct replacement for baronet. Beyond the word substitution the only other change was that a few free knightdoms were renamed and had their coats of arms modified to remove any French or Norman connotation. Styled as “milord/milady”.
• Knight/Lady: a few coats of arms were modified to remove any French or Norman connotation. Styled as “milord/milady.”
• Armiger/Armigera: a direct replacement for esquire and few coats of arms were modified to remove any French or Norman connotation. Styled as “milord/milady.”
• Lord/Lady: a direct replacement for gentleman and few coats of arms were modified to remove any French or Norman connotation. Styled as “milord/milady.”

All in all, most of the changes were only cosmetic. And since everyone had technically lost their original title during the commonwealth, part of the deal to regaining it was accepting any nominal changes that occurred. And when faced with that, almost everyone accepted the changes without complaint.

While George IV became king because George III had legally renounced his throne in Britain, George III did maintain all his status over Hanoverian titles until his death. He was also giving the title Duke of Edinburg so that he could stay a British peer. Upon his death, all of George III’s titles united with the King of the British Isles.

Honorifics were also changed to fit the new status quo:

• Goodman replaced mister.
• Goodwife replaced misses.
• Goodmaid replaced miss.
• Milord replaced sir.
• Doctor remained unchanged.

§​

The return of a king also meant the return of the Anglican Church. But the Anglicans would never reach the point they were before the commonwealth. It was very apparent that the only reason the Anglicans still held an official relationship with the government was because the king was also head of the church. Unitarianism [Δ] still had the largest following, and most of those who had not found refuge in Presbyterian Churches or had joined the Roman Catholic Church during the commonwealth were still Unitarians. While there were people who returned simply because the king reestablished the Anglican Church just about as many joined only because Roman Catholics were barred from holding specific offices.

Possibly as a reward to those Roman Catholic who did not convert back to Anglicanism, Pope Pius VII created the Anglican Rite. There was little functional difference between the Latin Rite and the Anglican Rite. And while its creation may have been popular with the members of the new rite, it did not change their status in the new kingdom. Catholics were still barred from holding governmental positions, though Unitarians could.

§​

There was a very large discussion over the currency and measurement systems. On the one hand, the pound sterling and the imperial measurement system were obviously originally influenced by the French systems. On the other hand, pieces of those systems were used in England prior to the Norman Invasion, and arguably where partially based on Roman systems (which was acceptable). In the end, it was decided to keep both the pound and the imperial measures. The currency symbols were updated (for shillings and pence) to £ʄð [◊].

The calendar did get a minor alteration, but not the Republican Calendar that was discarded. What they chose to do was use the Easter and leap-year calculations proposed by Sir Isaac Newton (they did not use any of his other proposals though): Easter would be calculated as the Sunday after the 14 of the lunar month, following March 7th. Every 4th year will contain a leap-day (February 29); on leap-years divisible by 100 the leap-day would not be added unless they were also divisible by 500; and in leap-years divisible by 5,000 and addition leap-day would be added (February 30). This created the Newtonian Calendar, of which Britain was the only country to use at this point [↓].

With three very similar Christian calendars in use, all with very close but slightly different dates, an interesting problem arose. How to tell which calendar was being used. For day-to-day use this was not an issue. Most individuals did not directly interact with people who used a different calendar, and those few who did were aware of what they were doing. But for historical records it as a problem. The convention that developed was that each calendar would use its own distinct era marker. The Julian Calendar would use AC (after Christ) and BC. The Gregorian Calendar would use AD and ACN (ante Christum natum [→]. And the Newtonian Calendar would use CE and BCE [**] [67]. The weekday and month names stayed same (though there was a failed attempt or rename Saturday as Sunday Eve).

§​

The English Commonwealth’s language policies were revoked the second the topic was brought up. The only language policy that was officially adopted was to drop Law French in any British legal documents or symbols. It was replaced with Old English.

However, just because no policies were proposed, did not stop the other trends from effecting the language. Because of the full support of the Norman Yoke idea, obviously Anglo-Norman words fell out of favor (other loanwords were generally unaffected, especially Latin and Greek and even a few true Anglo-Norman words). At first, there was no rhyme or reason to what constituted too Anglo-Norman. And it would not be surprising to see a perfectly native English word replaced by an Anglo-Norman word because the speaker did not know the true origin of the words. It was not until the mid-1800s that scholarship in the language began to take root. But even before that, because of their archaic feel, Dorset and Geordie dialects began to spread out of their original areas. They bled into the other English dialects especially their vocabulary and grammar.

English was still very much the official language though. Local languages such as Fingallian, Scots, and Yola did become quite popular in their own areas amongst the common people. However, they had no support from government or the academics. Other languages, specifically Gaelic languages were repressed.

It would also not be until AD 1878 that the renamed School of English, spearheaded by Rev. William Barnes, would publish guidelines on spelling and vocabulary usage [68]. At the time the spelling reforms focused on removing false etymologies (e.g. “island” to “iland”) [††]. A true spelling reform would not take place until AD 1937, and later refined in contemporary times.

§​

During the War of the Great Coalition, loyalist militia went to fight wearing whatever they could get. Most tried to avoid wearing red as that was what the regular soldiers were issued. Once the monarchy was restored, the army adopted the same color coats as the navy. This was to reward the navy for having led the restoration and to avoid red since it was again a symbol of a commonwealth (certain guard regiments were an accepted).

While the French were issuing straight swords, mostly spadroons, to everyone except hussars and the navy, Britain did almost the opposite. They issued everyone curved sabers. And certain cavalrymen were issued Mameluke pattern sabers with an even stronger curve than normal.

§​

Despite all these changes being accepted by the government, most of them did not make it a crossed the Atlantic Ocean. And those that did affect British North America did so differently than it did the British Isles.

***​

The Most Noble Order of Sts. Edward & Edmund​ After he was crowned George IV created a new chivalric order. The stated purpose of the order was to reward those who stayed loyal to the monarchy. However, it also was given a higher precedence than the Order of the Garter. It was named after two of the Anglo-Saxon patron saints of England, St. Edward the Confessor and St. Edmund the Martyr. The Order of the Garter would still exist as the second highest order, just as veneration of St. George would still exist. But like how the Oder of Sts. Edward & Edmund would receive a higher precedence, St. Edward the Confessor would become the primary patron saint of England and Britain.

Line of English & British Kings​ The official line of monarchs was also updated to specifically exclude William the Conqueror. It was not intended to be a historicalrevision per se, but it claimed that William the Conqueror, William Rufus, and Henry Beauclerc ruled as usurpers, while the true English king, Edger the Ætheling, lived in exile as an uncrowned pretender. But the new line reunited with the old line early on keeping Georg IV as king. House of Wessex As King of England 1. Ælfred the Great: 886 CE – 899 CE​ 2. Eadweard the Elder: 899 CE – 924 CE​ 3. Æthelstan the Glorious: 924 CE – 939 CE​ 4. Eadmund I: 939 CE – 946 CE​ 5. Eadred: 946 CE – 955 CE​ 6. Eadwig the Fair: 955 CE – 959 CE​ 7. Edgar the Peaceful: 959 CE – 975 CE​ 8. Eadweard the Martyr: 957 CE – 978 CE​ 9. Æthelred the Unready: 978 CE – 1013 CE​ House of Denmark 10. Sweyn Forkbeard: 1013 CE – 1014 CE​ House of Wessex 11. Æthelred the Unready: 1014 CE – 1016 CE​ 12. Eadmund Ironside: 1016 CE​ House of Denmark 13. Cnut the Great: 1016 CE – 1035 CE​ 14. Harold Harefoot: 1035 CE – 1040 CE​ 15. Harthacnut: 1040 CE – 1042 CE​ House of Wessex 16. St. Eadweard the Confessor: 1042 CE – 1066 CE​ House of Godwin 17. Harold II: 1066 CE – 1066 CE​ Interregnum House of Normandy 18. Henry I [70]: 1125 CE – 1135 CE [‡‡]​ House of Blois 19. Stephen: 1135 CE – 1154 CE​ House of Anjou 20. Henry II: 1154 CE – 1189 CE​ 21. Richard I: 1189 CE – 1199 CE​ 22. John: 1199 CE – 1216 CE​ House of Plantagenet 23. Henry III: 1216 CE – 1272 CE​ 24. Edward I: 1272 CE – 1307 CE​ 25. Edward II: 1307 CE – 1327 CE​ 26. Edward III: 1327 CE – 1377 CE​ 27. Richard II: 1377 CE– 1399 CE​ House of Lancaster 28. Henry IV: 1399 CE – 1413 CE​ 29. Henry V: 1413 CE – 1422 CE​ 30. Henry VI: 1422 CE – 1461 CE​ House of York 31. Edward IV: 1461 CE – 1470 CE​ House of Lancaster 32. Henry VI: 1470 CE – 1471 CE​ House of York 33. Edward IV: 1471 CE –1483 CE​ 34. Edward V: 1483 CE – 1483 CE​ 35. Richard III: 1483 CE – 1485 CE​ House of Tudor 36. Henry VII: 1485 CE – 1509 CE​ 37. Henry VIII: 1509 CE – 1547 CE​ 38. Edward VI: 1547 CE – 1553 CE​ 39. Mary I: 1553 CE – 1558 CE​ 40. Elizabeth: 1558 CE – 1603 CE​ House of Stuart 41. James I: 1603 CE – 1625 CE​ 42. Carl I [69]: 1625 CE – 1649 CE​ Interregnum​ 43. Carl II: 1660 CE – 1685 CE​ 44. James II: 1685 CE – 1688 CE​ Interregnum​ 45. Mary II: 1689 CE – 1694 CE​ House of Orange 46. William III [§§]: 1689 CE – 1702 CE [‖‖]​ House of Stuart 47. Anne: 1702 CE – 1707 CE​ As King of Britain Anne: 1707 CE – 1714 CE​ House of Hannover 48. Georg I: 1714 CE – 1727 CE​ 49. Georg II: 1727 CE – 1760 CE​ 50. Georg III: 1760 CE – 1799 CE​ Interregnum​ 51. Georg IV: 1815 CE – to period date​

Symbols of the British Isles​ The symbols of Britain was the biggest change with the Hanoverian Restoration. Almost nothing that hinted at Britain’s Anglo-Norman past was kept if it was possible to change. And since the English Commonwealth has already done most of the work getting rid of them, most of the symbols were changed. The old arms of England (Gules, three lions passant guardant in pale Or armed and langued Azure) was replaced with the attributed arms of Edward the Confessor (Azure a cross flory and five martlets Or). This was because the old arms were viewed as too Norman. The arms of Scotland was also dropped. As Scotland was now considered a part of England, including it on the coat of arms would have been redundant. The collar was changed to the Order of Sts. Edward and Edmund. The supporters were changed to a white wyvern [¶¶] and a white stag. The wyvern was chosen from the story of the two dragons under Vortigern’s castle from the Historia Brittonum; it was to represent the English. While the stag represented Ireland. The crest was turned into a gold wyvern [‖‖] from the Bayeux Tapestry and an image from the Saxon Heptarchy to represent Wessex. Finally, the Tudor Rose was replaced a gold acanthus taken from the back of the Alfred Jewel. A new flag was wanted to represent the new era of the kingdom. The white wyvern was chosen to represent England. But since the kingdom was a union, they wanted to represent Ireland as well. However, Ireland did not have a symbol that would easily be combined with a wyvern; the solution was to create a new one for Ireland. So, a blue wyvren was countercharged with the white one to represent them. The blue wyvern was rarely used outside of the new union flag. And it was generally disliked by the non-Anglo-Irish. The new union cockade took the blue Irish cockaded and placed it over the Hanoverian black cockade, then fastened them together with a black button.

The Second Sundering of the Latin Alphabet​ While neither were treated as distinct alphabets yet, the Germans and Saxons had fraktur, French had cursive, but English did not use its own script. Not wanting to be left out, the printers in Britain began to experiment with various styles. Cursive was an obvious non-starter due to its relationship with the French. A popular contender was a variant of fraktur, especially with the recent influx of Saxon influence. The style that ultimate won though was Gaelic type. This was for a few reasons. First, is that it was completely unique. Second, even though it was based off Irish Insular script, it was an English creation. Being commission by Queen Elizabeth for use in Irish Anglican Catechisms. Third, is that resembled the style that most Old English was written in. Like cursive in France, there was no legal pressure to use Gaelic type. The printing presses eventually began adopting it on their own until everyone saw it as normal.

Board Games in the Kingdom of the British Isles​ Directory chess had its heyday during the English Commonwealth, much of that had to do with the fact that England was the only nation that adopted it who had the capacity to mass produce unique sets. But that did not save it after the Hanoverian Restoration. Standard chess returned, though two-piece names were eventually changed due to Norman influence. Pawns were renamed “bowers” after the German piece. Rooks settled on the name “warders.” While the rules were the same, Britain developed its own custom in regards to pawn promotion. France’s custom followed the recommendation of M. Philidor, which said pawns should only promote to piece you had already lost. England went the other direction; pawns always promote to queens. Republican playing cards suffered the same fate as directory chess. Though because of an influx of German suited playing cards and card makers wanting to celebrate their new restoration, a few changes did happen. The face cards returned to jacks, queens, and kings; and their pictures remained unchanged. Ace were now just called ones but maintained their special images, twos also gained unique images. But the biggest change was in the suits. Due to the mixing of German suited cards with the French suited cards, a new English-suit developed: shovels (♠) [##], hearts (♥), crosses (☩), and edges (♦) [ΔΔ].

English Literature Revival​ The popularity of the Norman Yoke concept, Anglo-Saxons became quite popular in writing. The works of Sir Walter Scott became very common. A revival in Robin Hood came about, though without “good King Richard.” And there were even several attempts to frame King Arthur as a villain and the Anglo-Saxons he fought against as the heroes.

	United Kingdom of the British Isles​ Ūnīteꝺ Kınᵹꝺom oꝼ þē Bꞃıꞇıꞅċ Īleꞅ [↓↓] (Ūnīted Kingdom of þē Britisċ Īles)​
	Flag of Britain [cx], Arms of Britain [cix], and Location of Britain (pink) [cviii]​
Motto:	“Bí Godes Áre” (ang) (By God’s grace)​
Anthem:	“God Save the King”
Capital & largest city:	London
Official language:	English
Official religion:	Anglicanism
Common religion:	Unitarianism
Demonym:	British
Government: • King​	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy Georg IV
Legislature: • Upper house​ • Lower house​	Great Thing Wise Moot​ Folk Moot​
Formed:	from the English Commonwealth
Currency:	British pound (£)

Figure 1: Flags of Britain: Flag of Britain [cx],​

State Ensign of Britain [cx], Civil Ensign of Britain [cx], War Ensign of Britain [cxii], Cockade of Britain [cxiii]​

Figure 2: British Uniforms: Fusiliers, Rangers, Grenadiers,​

Artillery & Engineers,​

Hussars, Lancers [cxiv]​

Footnotes​

* ang: By God’s grace.
† After the death of George III (AD 1820).
‡ The lettering is probably anachronistic, while that typeface would be used during the reign of George IV, it is unlikely that it would be used in official capacities until after his death.
§ The concept that all the oppressive aspects of English society were introduced by the Normans after 1066 AD.
‖ King of the English and King of the Irish would be added, but not until after George IV’s death.
¶ The official word use was “princeps” being borrowed from the Latin rather than the Old French, but “prince/princess” was used in common speech.
# The official word used was “dux” being borrowed from the Latin rather than the Old French, but “duke/duchess” was used in common speech.
Δ Although the specific sect that commonwealth had influence over was dissolved.
◊ The two updated symbols would eventually be adopted by other nations that use “pound”-based currency.
↓ Other protestant countries would eventually adopt the Newtonian Calendar at later dates in an attempt to discard Catholic influence
→ lat: Before Christ was born.
** AV and AAV (aerae vulgāris and ante aerae vulgāris [→→]) in the Anglican Rite and sometime outside of Britain.
†† This however did create some of its own false etymologies, such as making the plural of “moose” to “meese.”
‡‡ Henry I did not inherit the thrown by his own right. When Edgar the Atheling died in exile, the crown would have passed to his sitter St. Margret of Wessex, but both her and her daughter, Matilda of Scotland, had already died. So, the crown passed to Matilda’s widower, Henry I. This was even though he was already ruling as a usurper king.
§§ William III should be known as William I since the previous Williams have been excluded as usurper. However, since he ruled under the name William III it is normally left as such.
‖‖ Ruled as co-monarch with his wife Mary II, then became king after her death.
¶¶ At first a wyvern was used interchangeably with a dragon. A dragon was more popular prior to 1901 CE, and after 1926 CE it became the wyvern exclusively.
## Sometimes called spades still.
ΔΔ Colors still vary depending on manufacture, but the standard was reached quickly.
↓↓ Modern spelling
→→Vulgar era and before the vulgar era respectively.

Endnotes​

64. An often-cited ATL fake quote, attributed to George IV.​

65. For all intents and purposes the Acts of Union 1815 is identical to the Acts of Union 1800, but with aforementioned exceptions.​

66. Columbia, India, and Indiana will be explained in subsequent chapters.​

67. Obviously, the specific abbreviations would depend on the language, these are just the English translations.​

68. OTL English dialects would not be replaced entirely, but they would become much more rare within the Great Britain.​

69. Some names were further Anglicized for the official list.​

Spoiler: Citations

cix. (Modified from sources: Sodacan et al.)​

cx. (Modified from source: Dragovit, 2022)​

cxii (Modified from source: Dragovit et al., 2006, 2022)​

cxiii. (Modified from source: NiD.29, 2011)​

cxiv. (Modified from source: Percival, et al.)​

​

Spoiler: Credits

Bear17. Circlet heraldique des chevaliers du Bain. 10 December 2016. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circlet_heraldique_des_chevaliers_du_Bain.svg. Accessed 18 February 2023.​

Dragovit. White dragon flag of Wessex. 11 October 2022. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:White_dragon_flag_of_Wessex.png. Accessed 8 April 2023.​

Google LLC. Noto Sans. 2013. Accessed 18 February 18, 2023.​

Hogweard. Wessex Dragon. 3 April 2016. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wessex_dragon.svg. Accessed 18 February 2023.​

Hoshie et al. Saint Patrick's Saltire. 2006. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saint_Patrick's_Saltire.svg. Accessed 15 April 2023.​

Menelion, Vëon, et al. Arvore004. 3 January 2012. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arvore004.svg. Accessed 18 February 2023.​

NiD.29. RAF type A roundel pre1929. 24 October 2011. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RAF_type_A_roundel_pre1929.svg. Accessed 15 April 2023.​

Percival, JP. British Infantry (Waterloo). https://juniorgeneral.org/index.php/figure/view/BritishInfantryWaterloo. Accessed 15 April 2023.​

Sodacan. Arms of the United Kingdom (since 1837). 13 May 2011. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(since_1837).svg. Accessed 18 February 2023.​

Sodacan & Eugenio Hansen, OFS. Braganza Dragon. 22 January 2012. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Braganca_Dragon.svg. Accessed 18 February 2023.​

Sodacan. Coat of Arms of Richard II of England (1377-1399). 26 August 2010. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Richard_II_of_England_(1377-1399).svg. Accessed 18 February 2023.​

Sodacan. Coat of Arms of Sophie, Countess of Wessex. 29 August 2010. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Sophie,_Countess_of_Wessex.svg. Accessed 18 February 2023.​

Sodacan. Crown of Saint Edward (Heraldry). 20 July 2010. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crown_of_Saint_Edward_(Heraldry).svg. Accessed 18 February 2023.​

Sodacan. Royal Arms of Edward the Confessor. 20 November 2010. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Arms_of_Edward_the_Confessor.svg. Accessed 18 February 2023.​

Sodacan. Royal Arms of United Kingdom (1801-1816). 20 July 2010. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Arms_of_United_Kingdom_(1801-1816).svg. Accessed 18 February 2023.​

Sodacan & Amirki. Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom-Helmet. 21 August 2011. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom-Helmet.svg. Accessed 18 February 18, 2023.​

Sodacan & Amirki. Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom-Mantling. 21 August 2011. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom-Mantling.svg. Accessed 18 February 2023.​

Sodacan & Amirki. Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom-Motto. 21 August 2011. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom-Motto.svg. Accessed 18 February 2023.​

Wirth, John. British Infantry. https://juniorgeneral.org/index.php/figure/view/BritishInfantry2412. Accessed 15 April 2023.​

​

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I love footnotes, but hopefully I won't get carried away with them like this again... 22...

Also, the date for the true spelling reform (1937) is a reference to something. I doubt anyone is going to be able to guess it though.

 

[Godot]

Heyy it's back! Lovely stuff.

EDIT: Actually there've been many updates since I last read! Time to get up to date

 

[Mayukh]

BTW how is Cromwell and First Commonwealth and Civil War seen ittl?

 

[da Racontor]

BTW how is Cromwell and First Commonwealth and Civil War seen ittl?

During the second commonwealth he was held by the government as a hero.

After the restoration, it was pretty much a 180. As he is viewed as a "proto-radical republican." He is not only blamed for all the problems during the first Commonwealth but he is blamed for inspiring all of the things people disliked about the second one too.

 

[Gabingston]

Styled as “milord/milady.”

 

[da Racontor]

View attachment 826151

He's even wearing a TL appropriate hat given the updated fashion post 🤠 😂