Without a successful reconquesta portugese, castilian, aragonese, galician, leonese and catalan would sooner or later likely have gone the way of the dodo just like the romance dialects in north africa did IOTL so the toponyms would either be completely arabic or arabised local ones, e.g. something like Al-Qu-'uba (Cuba).
I disagree, as the cultures were absorbed not snuffed out, the Latin based languages make dealing with the rest of Europe far easier. Southern France was converted to Islam, so French/occitan would have survived, diverging slightly.