What became of Gandhi ITTL? Was he still assassinated?
I’m writing with the caveat that this is not what Harry Turtledove envisioned for Gandhi in the series, but is the case in TTL.
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The analogue in TTL to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, of the same name, was born on a slightly different date in comparison to our world. His life was similar to that of his counterpart from our world until the end of the First Great War in 1917, when he returned to India from South Africa. Gandhi’s return to India took place slightly later than in our world.
Gandhi returned to a country in political and economic turmoil. The defeat of the British Empire in the First Great War led to the rapid growth of different nationalist and pro-independence movements in India. Gandhi, after gaining a leading role in the Indian National Congress, led numerous campaigns against the British colonial authorities through the 1920s. As in our world, Gandhi became famous for his advocacy and practice of non-violent civil disobedience against the British authorities.
There were differences to the trajectory of the Indian independence movement during the Interwar period in comparison to our world. The leaders of the Indian independence movement confronted British governments that viewed continued control of India as vital to maintaining Britain as a great power. The British acted aggressively to weaken pro-independence groups throughout the 1920s and early 1930s, before the ascent of the Conservative-Silver Shirt Coalition.
Gandhi failed to prevent internal divisions from splintering the wider Indian independence movement. By the end of the 1920s, Subhas Chandra Bose had established a separate movement for Bengali independence. The All-India Muslim League, led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, also declined to cooperate with the Indian National Congress. By the end of the 1920s, the leadership of the Muslim League were in favor of an independent Muslim state closely aligned with the Ottoman Empire.
The ascent of the Conservative-Silver Shirt Coalition in the early 1930s led to a deterioration of conditions in India. Winston Churchill and Oswald Mosley were both staunchly opposed to the Indian independence movement. Under the Coalition regime, the British carried out a campaign of violent repression against the Indian independence movement that was analogous in brutality to the violent repression by the dictatorship in Argentina in the late 1970s and early 1980s in our world.
Mohandas Gandhi was preparing a campaign of civil disobedience against the salt tax when he was arrested in a night raid by the British authorities in 1935. He was never seen again.
It was not until after the end of the Second Great War, with the subsequent fall of the Coalition regime in Britain and the collapse of British rule in India, that it was revealed that Gandhi had died in Camp Bastion, a British prison camp that had been built in the Andaman Islands. In 1977, a Committee of Inquiry established by the governments of Bharat and Great Britain uncovered documentation that revealed that Gandhi had been murdered in 1939 on the direct orders of Oswald Mosley.