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It's typically thought by people when thinking about matriarchy that it'll be a society where males and females simply swap their gender cultures, with males being feminine the way we know it and females vice versa, therefore it is deemed necessary to alter the evolutionary course of human kind in order to pave way for matriarchy, or basically, turning the male humans into male seahorses.

However, the thing with sexual dimorphism and its consequences is that they don't work so simply, especially in building social roles overtime. Will such situation even be able to roll towards the direction of coherent society, at all ? Ironically, it would most likely be more possible to build a matriarchy where males stay biologically male and females likewise, but in normal situation that simply won't happen, it seems. Difficult to admit it maybe, humans are patriarchal because we have evolved that way, with a clear and effective task divisions within the context of mammal sexual dimorphism (as far as I know, mammal males have been always physically more dominant then females). Pregnancy and nursery also seems to impose so much burden on females and largely confining them on immobile roles which limits their economical gains significantly in comparison to males which are able to explore and gather in a much wider scope of reach without the responsibilities then only females have. Not only that, pregnancy is also a large factor limiting the growth and and the age of female population, and only modern medicines that have been significantly easing this factor recently (and arguably this is the most important issue within the this context). All those factors can only ensure the privilege of males that protects them indefinitely from social and political subjugation by the opposite sex. At most, what we can get are societies like Minang people or various Taiwanese aboriginal tribes which put females in a formidable, influential, but not dominating position. In some of those cases, social regulations that are applied in order to protect females' position have put a severe restriction in their reproductivity, rendering them vulnerable to being overwhelmed by patriarchal societies that have much higher reproductive rate. Others, like Minangs, have the customs and social mechanisms that channel the surplus of males outwards, creating a widespread diaspora far from origin. Both methods are aimed at limiting the male population in order to prevent them from overwhelming females. In conclusion, the key here is numbers.

Therefore, it is impossible to have a matriarchy unless one can press downwards the male population so severely, maybe down to 3 : 7 or even 1 : 9 ratio vis a vis females. In the end, it simply can't be possible without changing a bit of genetical make ups in order to alter tendencies. But one that sufficiently limits the birth rate of males should be enough.

So now say, things are that way during the formative period. Males are feet-draggingly seldom born within a wide-range of area, say an isolated place like Papua maybe, or somewhere else where they can comfortably develop shielded from any meaningful external threat. How will they may develop from this point on ?
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