Liking Bobby's stances changing with the times. Nice bit of pragmatic realpolitik.
Supreme Court of the United States of America under Robert F. Kennedy (as of 1972)
Deleted member 92121
Supreme Court of the United States of America under Robert F. Kennedy (as of 1972)
Chief Justice Hugo Black 1937-1971
Appointed to the Supreme Court by President Roosevelt, Black was a staunch New Dealer and liberal. From early on, his brief involvement with the Clan brought certain tensions. But by 1969 any presumption of racial prejudice had long evaporated. After Chief Justice Earl Warren retired in 1969, Black was chosen by Robert Kennedy to replace him as Chief Justice. Black would serve under two years in the capacity of Chief Justice, before dying from a stroke in September 1971.
Abe Fortas 1965-1969
Appointed by his very good friend Lyndon B. Johnson, Abe Fortas was expected to replace Warren as Chief Justice in 1968. However, partly due to etical breach allegations, a filibuster by Republicans killed any chance for his nomination. He would resign soon after, in the early days of Robert Kennedy's administration.
John Marshall Harlan II 1955-1971
Appointed by President Eisenhower, Harlan was the son of another Justice, John Harlan Senior. Perhaps the greatest conservative voice in the Warren court, and later Black Court, Harlan would be a diligent member of the Supreme Court, all the way to his death in 1971.
Chief Justice William O. Douglas 1939-
Appointed by President Roosevelt, Douglas is a charismatic and influential voice in the court, with a firm stance in Civil Rights and environmentalism, he grew very popular with Liberal America. Upon the death of Chief Justice Black, he was appointed by Robert Kennedy as his replacement. A extremely active and vocal Justice, Douglas is a respected figure.
Arthur Goldberg 1969-
Appointed to the Supreme Court in 1962 by JFK, Goldberg would resign under the influence of President Johnson, to become Ambassador to the U.N. Aways enjoying a good relationship with the Kennedy family, Goldberg would be invited to return to the Supreme Court by Bobby, to take Abe Fortas seat. The only Supreme Court Justice to ever resign and then be re-nominated, he would prove a influential liberal voice in the court.
Homer Thornberry 1971-
With the death of Justice Harlan II, Thornberry was selected by president Kennedy as a replacement for his seat. Innitially a choice of President Johnson, to replace Abe Fortas's spot back in 1968, Thornberry would end up being nominated by Kennedy to appease southern democrats in 1971. At times disapointingly moderate for Kennedy's taste, Thornberry would nevertheless be far from actual conservatism.
Thurgood Marshall 1967-
Appointed by President Johnson in 1967, Thurgood Marshall is a dedicated civil rights activist and the first African American to be nominated to the Supreme Court. Some of his most inportant decisions would occur during Kennedy's two terms.
Byron White 1962-
Appointed by JFK back in 1962, White is a moderate in multiple stances. He would remain a respected figure in the Kennedy Administration, enjoying a friendly, relationship with the President.
Potter Stewart 1958-
Appointed by President Eisenhower, Stewart was certainly the most moderate figure in Black and later Douglas Courts.
William Brennan Jr. 1956-
Appointed by President Eisenhower, Brennan remains one of the most influential liberal figures in Supreme Court History. The pivotal figures in a number of historical decisions made since his appointment.
Harry Blackmun 1969-
Appointed by President Robert Kennedy, Blackmun was called by many the "Minnesota Gambit", due to the bet Kennedy took on his views. Know for his moderate to conservative views, Kennedy appointed him to replace Abe Fortas. His appointment was seem as a way to bridge the gap between his administration and the "progressive" Republicans that were quickly gaining strength on their Party. The Gambit would pay off espetacularly for Kennedy, as Blackmun would eventually become one of the most liberal justices in history.
Julia Cooper Mack 1971-
Appointed by President Robert Kennedy in 1971 to replace late judge Harlam, Mack would be the first female to reach the position of Supreme court Justice, as well as the first female African-American. This landmark appointment, accomplished during the height of Kennedy's popularity in office, marked much of what his administration desired to inspire. Mack remains a important figure, noted for her liberal views.
..............
The Black Court 1969-1971
Chief Justice Hugo Black
Justice Abe Fortas (retired in 1969)
Justice William Brennan Jr.
Justice William O. Cooper
Justice Potter Stewart
Justice John Marshall Harlan II
Justice Byron White
Justice Thurgood Marshall
Justice Arthur Goldberg (replaced Earl Warren)
Justice Harry Blackmun (replaced Abe Fortas)
The Cooper Court 1971-
Chief Justice William O. Cooper
Justice William Brennan Jr.
Justice Potter Stewart
Justice John Marshall Harlan II (Died in 1971)
Justice Byron White
Justice Thurgood Marshall
Justice Arthur Goldberg
Justice Harry Blackmun
Justice Julia Cooper Mack (replaced Black)
Justice Homer Thornberry (replaced Harlam)
............
Jesus all these names and replacements can be exausting. Long overdue, but here it is. I was very surprised with the sheer dominance of liberals. Almost everyone here was a Justice IOTL. Almost all liberals or centrists.
Chief Justice Hugo Black 1937-1971
Appointed to the Supreme Court by President Roosevelt, Black was a staunch New Dealer and liberal. From early on, his brief involvement with the Clan brought certain tensions. But by 1969 any presumption of racial prejudice had long evaporated. After Chief Justice Earl Warren retired in 1969, Black was chosen by Robert Kennedy to replace him as Chief Justice. Black would serve under two years in the capacity of Chief Justice, before dying from a stroke in September 1971.
Abe Fortas 1965-1969
Appointed by his very good friend Lyndon B. Johnson, Abe Fortas was expected to replace Warren as Chief Justice in 1968. However, partly due to etical breach allegations, a filibuster by Republicans killed any chance for his nomination. He would resign soon after, in the early days of Robert Kennedy's administration.
John Marshall Harlan II 1955-1971
Appointed by President Eisenhower, Harlan was the son of another Justice, John Harlan Senior. Perhaps the greatest conservative voice in the Warren court, and later Black Court, Harlan would be a diligent member of the Supreme Court, all the way to his death in 1971.
Chief Justice William O. Douglas 1939-
Appointed by President Roosevelt, Douglas is a charismatic and influential voice in the court, with a firm stance in Civil Rights and environmentalism, he grew very popular with Liberal America. Upon the death of Chief Justice Black, he was appointed by Robert Kennedy as his replacement. A extremely active and vocal Justice, Douglas is a respected figure.
Arthur Goldberg 1969-
Appointed to the Supreme Court in 1962 by JFK, Goldberg would resign under the influence of President Johnson, to become Ambassador to the U.N. Aways enjoying a good relationship with the Kennedy family, Goldberg would be invited to return to the Supreme Court by Bobby, to take Abe Fortas seat. The only Supreme Court Justice to ever resign and then be re-nominated, he would prove a influential liberal voice in the court.
Homer Thornberry 1971-
With the death of Justice Harlan II, Thornberry was selected by president Kennedy as a replacement for his seat. Innitially a choice of President Johnson, to replace Abe Fortas's spot back in 1968, Thornberry would end up being nominated by Kennedy to appease southern democrats in 1971. At times disapointingly moderate for Kennedy's taste, Thornberry would nevertheless be far from actual conservatism.
Thurgood Marshall 1967-
Appointed by President Johnson in 1967, Thurgood Marshall is a dedicated civil rights activist and the first African American to be nominated to the Supreme Court. Some of his most inportant decisions would occur during Kennedy's two terms.
Byron White 1962-
Appointed by JFK back in 1962, White is a moderate in multiple stances. He would remain a respected figure in the Kennedy Administration, enjoying a friendly, relationship with the President.
Potter Stewart 1958-
Appointed by President Eisenhower, Stewart was certainly the most moderate figure in Black and later Douglas Courts.
William Brennan Jr. 1956-
Appointed by President Eisenhower, Brennan remains one of the most influential liberal figures in Supreme Court History. The pivotal figures in a number of historical decisions made since his appointment.
Harry Blackmun 1969-
Appointed by President Robert Kennedy, Blackmun was called by many the "Minnesota Gambit", due to the bet Kennedy took on his views. Know for his moderate to conservative views, Kennedy appointed him to replace Abe Fortas. His appointment was seem as a way to bridge the gap between his administration and the "progressive" Republicans that were quickly gaining strength on their Party. The Gambit would pay off espetacularly for Kennedy, as Blackmun would eventually become one of the most liberal justices in history.
Julia Cooper Mack 1971-
Appointed by President Robert Kennedy in 1971 to replace late judge Harlam, Mack would be the first female to reach the position of Supreme court Justice, as well as the first female African-American. This landmark appointment, accomplished during the height of Kennedy's popularity in office, marked much of what his administration desired to inspire. Mack remains a important figure, noted for her liberal views.
..............
The Black Court 1969-1971
Chief Justice Hugo Black
Justice Abe Fortas (retired in 1969)
Justice William Brennan Jr.
Justice William O. Cooper
Justice Potter Stewart
Justice John Marshall Harlan II
Justice Byron White
Justice Thurgood Marshall
Justice Arthur Goldberg (replaced Earl Warren)
Justice Harry Blackmun (replaced Abe Fortas)
The Cooper Court 1971-
Chief Justice William O. Cooper
Justice William Brennan Jr.
Justice Potter Stewart
Justice John Marshall Harlan II (Died in 1971)
Justice Byron White
Justice Thurgood Marshall
Justice Arthur Goldberg
Justice Harry Blackmun
Justice Julia Cooper Mack (replaced Black)
Justice Homer Thornberry (replaced Harlam)
............
Jesus all these names and replacements can be exausting. Long overdue, but here it is. I was very surprised with the sheer dominance of liberals. Almost everyone here was a Justice IOTL. Almost all liberals or centrists.
Attachments
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Man that's a pretty liberal Supreme Court. Many of the rulings IOTL that favored conservatives would be changed ITTL.
Gonna pm you @olavops later.
Gonna pm you @olavops later.
Deleted member 92121
Yeah, Roosevelt, Eisenhower, JFK and LBJ all appointed surprisingly liberal judges(with some exceptions). With Bobby it certainly wouldn't be any different.
The 1972 Healthcare Act
Deleted member 92121
The 1972 Healthcare Act
By 1972, the Kennedy Administration had twice attempted to pass a Healthcare act, and twice failed. The first truly significant failure of his term, the 1970 Healthcare Act had been defeated by a combination of filibustering Republicans and discontent southern Democrats. Such defeat was later described by Kennedy's aide Tim McMillan as:
"The wakeup call of our time in the White House. After a very succesfull year we finnaly faced the reality that a lot of people just wanted us to fail. The Republicans of course, but dixiecrats too. It was a big blow to the president, and forced him to tone down a lot of his positions."
The Affordable healthcare Proposal of 1971 was, in many ways, a more moderate version of the one in the previous year. By this time the Rift in the party had begun to heal. Many southern Democrats no longed fought the Administration, while others stood firm on their beliefs that the Bostonian did not represent their party. These would still fight many bills proposed by the President.
And so would the Republicans. Even with the more moderate GOP of 1971, the vast majority would refuse to support the democratic bill. The President was informed that, even after much deliberating and hand shaking and deal making, the Bill would almost certainly fail if attempted.
Instead of facing defeat for a second time in the matter, Kennedy postponed the Bill for the following year, and focused on battles he was more likely to win.
And so we arrive at the 1972 HealthCare Act. Whatever rifts remained within the Democratic Party, they were not enough to divide them on Healthcare any longer. And many moderate Republicans also presented a interest. With 53 senators (plus Independent democrat leaning Henry Byrd Jr.), the democrats had enough to pass the bill. The president was certain this was the moment to strike. There was only one little trouble. And that was the unending Filibuster brought about by multiple Republicans Senators. It made only sense they would do everything in their power to block such a bill in election year, and such a strategy would certainly have worked had it not been for the Cloture vote.
The 1972 cloture vote, passed by a united Democratic party plus 8 progressive republicans (who garnered the nickname the infamous 8 by fellow Republicans) woud lower the required number of votes for Cloture to 60 senators.
The "Infamous 8" would vote once again with the Democrats, and Harry Byrd, ensuring a 64-36 victory for the Cloture motion, putting a end to all discussion around the Heatlhcare Bill and calling a vote.
The Bill would subsequently pass, with 58 senators voting in favor, 36 against, and 8 abstentions. The victory of such a landmark Act would certainly have a hand in Kennedy's re-election in the same year. And it's impacts are still felt today, one just needs to look at the dozens of millions of americans ensured thanks to it.
History of Healthcare in North America, Bill Reynolds.
....................
Even though the story is arleady in late 1973, this is something that needed to be adressed a while ago. Hope everyone enjoys.
By 1972, the Kennedy Administration had twice attempted to pass a Healthcare act, and twice failed. The first truly significant failure of his term, the 1970 Healthcare Act had been defeated by a combination of filibustering Republicans and discontent southern Democrats. Such defeat was later described by Kennedy's aide Tim McMillan as:
"The wakeup call of our time in the White House. After a very succesfull year we finnaly faced the reality that a lot of people just wanted us to fail. The Republicans of course, but dixiecrats too. It was a big blow to the president, and forced him to tone down a lot of his positions."
The Affordable healthcare Proposal of 1971 was, in many ways, a more moderate version of the one in the previous year. By this time the Rift in the party had begun to heal. Many southern Democrats no longed fought the Administration, while others stood firm on their beliefs that the Bostonian did not represent their party. These would still fight many bills proposed by the President.
And so would the Republicans. Even with the more moderate GOP of 1971, the vast majority would refuse to support the democratic bill. The President was informed that, even after much deliberating and hand shaking and deal making, the Bill would almost certainly fail if attempted.
Instead of facing defeat for a second time in the matter, Kennedy postponed the Bill for the following year, and focused on battles he was more likely to win.
And so we arrive at the 1972 HealthCare Act. Whatever rifts remained within the Democratic Party, they were not enough to divide them on Healthcare any longer. And many moderate Republicans also presented a interest. With 53 senators (plus Independent democrat leaning Henry Byrd Jr.), the democrats had enough to pass the bill. The president was certain this was the moment to strike. There was only one little trouble. And that was the unending Filibuster brought about by multiple Republicans Senators. It made only sense they would do everything in their power to block such a bill in election year, and such a strategy would certainly have worked had it not been for the Cloture vote.
The 1972 cloture vote, passed by a united Democratic party plus 8 progressive republicans (who garnered the nickname the infamous 8 by fellow Republicans) woud lower the required number of votes for Cloture to 60 senators.
The "Infamous 8" would vote once again with the Democrats, and Harry Byrd, ensuring a 64-36 victory for the Cloture motion, putting a end to all discussion around the Heatlhcare Bill and calling a vote.
The Bill would subsequently pass, with 58 senators voting in favor, 36 against, and 8 abstentions. The victory of such a landmark Act would certainly have a hand in Kennedy's re-election in the same year. And it's impacts are still felt today, one just needs to look at the dozens of millions of americans ensured thanks to it.
History of Healthcare in North America, Bill Reynolds.
....................
Even though the story is arleady in late 1973, this is something that needed to be adressed a while ago. Hope everyone enjoys.
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OOoh! Good job for Kennedy! How is the healthcare bill like? I imagine not like the one we have here (maybe something more resembling what the British had?)
Deleted member 92121
Sorry for the delay on the reply.
Picture Obamacare, but with the option of Public Healthcare, brought to you by the Free Health Organization. A new branch of the Departament of Health and Human Services.
So essentially the individual is clearly under no obligation of picking the public option, but unlike OTL, there is one. Of course,the quality of the services provided by the FHO will certainly fluctuate with the times and the investment poured into it.
There's also no crappy website for the service.
Wait... why like Obamacare? Obamacare was based off of a plan amde of the very conservative Heritage Foundation since Nixon's times. Why would Kennedy's follow something similar???
Is it universal? I looked again at the definition of the public option and it's more like "Medicare for More", not " Medicare for All". I honestly thought the public option was a UHC substitute for single payer
So, every American not covered by private insurance will get FHO coverage?
Deleted member 92121
In the sense that every american citizen must now be covered by a health ensurance provider, and such ensurer cannot refuse the patient based on pre-existing conditions and some other factors. The ensurer is compelled by a number of regulations to spend most of it's gains on actual healthcare, and the prices for the ensurers all go down significantly, with no sudden fluctuations permitted without a heavy fine. Unfortunately the ensurance business had (and has) considerable power and influence in the U.S., and the idea of hitting them too hard, and implementing "free social services for all", still feels like cursed socialism to many. So that's why it doesn't resemble more something we see in England.
Is it universal? I looked again at the definition of the public option and it's more like "Medicare for More", not " Medicare for All". I honestly thought the public option was a UHC substitute for single payer
So, every American not covered by private insurance will get FHO coverage?
Exactly, if you don't get coverage from a private ensurer, you get from the FHO. It's mandatory. Most who can pay, however, will still favor private ensurer's, since their services will for the most part still be superior to the public sector.
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Deleted member 92121
Well, as i explained in the story, Kennedy's original proposal was more radical, but after it failed he adopted a more moderate one. But i don't understand what you were expecting from UHC exactly. Were you expecting there to be only the public option?
Tell me something good
Deleted member 92121
Tell me something good
Commencing on October 20th, the OPEC oil embargo proved to be one of the most significant events of the decade. It served as a catalyst to finally push the shaky 1973 economy into a state of frenzy. The 1973 stock market crash, as it's called today, owns much of it's scale to the Embargo.
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries was a unprecedented tool of power for the Arab World. The first true mechanism that allowed the oil producing countries to resist pressure from the great western oil companies. It's embargo of the nations in support of Israel during the Yon Kippur War was the first true test the organization faced. And it proved a powerfull tool for the Arab countries.
Adamant support of the United States government for the Israeli government, spearheaded by the Kennedy administration and hawks in the Senate and in the House, would put the country on the top of the list of OPEC enbargoed nations.
Oil prices in the United States would skyrocket to levels not seem in generations. A natural part of life for so many americans, oil prices fluctuation's had been, for the last 50 years or so, quite small. Oil was just...there, this wasn't suposed to change. The sudden shock would stun american society in a unprecedented way.
Over the last few decades the american oil economy had become much more dependent on imported oil from key nations, while it's own production decreased significantly. Meanwhile demand for oil, thanks in no small part to the American car culture of the 1950's and 1960's was never higher. To own a car was seem as a symbol of adulthood for many, and families were for the first time getting two cars.
In short, the national dependency on this single import was very high, and control on the output of the product was virtually on the hands of a single organization. It doesn't take a genius to realize that when the importer moves against the interests of said organizations, a crisis will ensue.
Oil companies would soon have to start rationing it's oil output in gas stops around the country. The product was not only much more expensive, it was in short supply after all.
A "Gas Line" in Brooklyn. Something that was becoming more and more common around the U.S.
Gas Lines were everywhere, as people fought to reach the low supply. Many gas stations would simply go out of business. It was truly a shock, for the market, for the country, and for the public.
On October 23rd, the Israeli army would succeed in advancing to the western bank of the Suez Canal, surrounding a considerable number of Egyptian forces within the city of Suez. Furthermore, Golan heights, a border region between Israel and Syria was firmly on Israeli hands. It was from this position of strength that the Israeli military decided to attempt to seize the encircled Suez.
The battle of Suez would be the blodiest part of the war, raging for two days and resulting in the combined deaths of over three thousand Egyptian and Israeli forces. The attack would fail, with the city remaining on Egyptian control, although a weak one.
By October 26th Israel was less then one hundred miles away from Cairo, and twenty miles away from Damascus. Yet it seemed that the war would turn into a bloody stalemate. It was at this moment that the United States pushed Israel to seek a Ceasefire.
The Soviet Union under Breznhev would continue to offer it's support for the Arab nations, while not rejecting the option of the ceasefire if said countries accepted it.
Temporary peace would come the following day, as both sides agreed to lay down arms and seek a diplomatic solution. If said solution would come, however, only time could tell.
Destroyed Israeli Tank during the attack on the city of Suez, October 25th, 1973
The ceasefire would by no means put a end to the Embargo, however, and it would continue for many months.
The End and the Beginning of a Era, Marcus P. Edginton
......................
Commencing on October 20th, the OPEC oil embargo proved to be one of the most significant events of the decade. It served as a catalyst to finally push the shaky 1973 economy into a state of frenzy. The 1973 stock market crash, as it's called today, owns much of it's scale to the Embargo.
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries was a unprecedented tool of power for the Arab World. The first true mechanism that allowed the oil producing countries to resist pressure from the great western oil companies. It's embargo of the nations in support of Israel during the Yon Kippur War was the first true test the organization faced. And it proved a powerfull tool for the Arab countries.
Adamant support of the United States government for the Israeli government, spearheaded by the Kennedy administration and hawks in the Senate and in the House, would put the country on the top of the list of OPEC enbargoed nations.
Oil prices in the United States would skyrocket to levels not seem in generations. A natural part of life for so many americans, oil prices fluctuation's had been, for the last 50 years or so, quite small. Oil was just...there, this wasn't suposed to change. The sudden shock would stun american society in a unprecedented way.
Over the last few decades the american oil economy had become much more dependent on imported oil from key nations, while it's own production decreased significantly. Meanwhile demand for oil, thanks in no small part to the American car culture of the 1950's and 1960's was never higher. To own a car was seem as a symbol of adulthood for many, and families were for the first time getting two cars.
In short, the national dependency on this single import was very high, and control on the output of the product was virtually on the hands of a single organization. It doesn't take a genius to realize that when the importer moves against the interests of said organizations, a crisis will ensue.
Oil companies would soon have to start rationing it's oil output in gas stops around the country. The product was not only much more expensive, it was in short supply after all.
A "Gas Line" in Brooklyn. Something that was becoming more and more common around the U.S.
Gas Lines were everywhere, as people fought to reach the low supply. Many gas stations would simply go out of business. It was truly a shock, for the market, for the country, and for the public.
On October 23rd, the Israeli army would succeed in advancing to the western bank of the Suez Canal, surrounding a considerable number of Egyptian forces within the city of Suez. Furthermore, Golan heights, a border region between Israel and Syria was firmly on Israeli hands. It was from this position of strength that the Israeli military decided to attempt to seize the encircled Suez.
The battle of Suez would be the blodiest part of the war, raging for two days and resulting in the combined deaths of over three thousand Egyptian and Israeli forces. The attack would fail, with the city remaining on Egyptian control, although a weak one.
By October 26th Israel was less then one hundred miles away from Cairo, and twenty miles away from Damascus. Yet it seemed that the war would turn into a bloody stalemate. It was at this moment that the United States pushed Israel to seek a Ceasefire.
The Soviet Union under Breznhev would continue to offer it's support for the Arab nations, while not rejecting the option of the ceasefire if said countries accepted it.
Temporary peace would come the following day, as both sides agreed to lay down arms and seek a diplomatic solution. If said solution would come, however, only time could tell.
Destroyed Israeli Tank during the attack on the city of Suez, October 25th, 1973
The ceasefire would by no means put a end to the Embargo, however, and it would continue for many months.
The End and the Beginning of a Era, Marcus P. Edginton
......................
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It was more the mechanics. The Afforadable Care Act was based on the ideas of the Hertiage Foundation and basically was a conservative idea. The main reason they came up with it was because the alternate was single-payer.
I figure that in this case, it would've been a single payer thing that would've come with adjustment in taxes and so on, especially on the much richer individuals of society.
Deleted member 92121
I see. Well, i don't know if it's just me, but trying to understand the history and nuances of Healthcare implementation in the U.S. is very frustrating. It's not my forte, so maybe there was a clearer option, it's a possibility. But regardless i'm happy with it.
However i do feel that the current state of the Healthcare Act as explained is far from conservative, certainly not by U.S. standards.
..........
But anyway, next update will come sunday.
https://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/27/conservative-origins-of-obamacare/
http://www.politifact.com/punditfac...5/ellen-qualls/aca-gop-health-care-plan-1993/
https://www.cheatsheet.com/stocks/t...publicans-thought-of-it-first.html/?a=viewall
Here are some stuff on it.
It's just more the approaches behind it. Kennedy may lost some points from more hard-line leftists for implementing the idea (though how did he come up with the idea hwere is curious). But yeah, looking forward to the update.
I wonder how the oil wil affect things. And I wonder if anyone knows that cars were originally meant to run on peanut oil...