The Year of Broken Promises - A Finnish Timeline

Introduction/Title Card


  • O child of Finland, don't give away your lovely land!

    For the strangers' bread tastes bitter, and their words are coarse

    Their skies, days are without light, their hearts are strange to you

    O child of Finland, don't give away your lovely land.



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    O child of Finland, your land is beautiful,

    And great it is, glorious,

    Its waters shimmer, its fields are in bloom,

    Its shores are renowned.

    The nights are bright, the days are warm,

    And the sky holds a thousand stars;

    O child of Finland, your land is beautiful,

    And great it is, glorious.


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    O child of Finland, this precious land of yours

    Remember forevermore!

    No happiness, no life

    Can you find elsewhere.

    Where ever you may go,

    Your roots will remain in your land of birth.

    O child of Finland, this precious land of yours

    Remember forevermore!


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    One: Veli


  • One: Veli


    Veli looked down at the dusty man at his feet, the grimacing face of a man who had just been declared dead.[1]

    As the umpire blew into his whistle to signal the end of the ninth inning, and thus the entire game, Veli took the ball out of his glove and raised his hands over his head in celebration. In the modest stands next to the sports field, an equally modest crowd made mostly of the younger boys and girls and men and women of the village cheered and clapped their hands. It was the fourth home win in a row for the HiNsU[2], and now the team topped the local league's table as only a handful of games was left in the season.

    Veli Vaara was the team's pitcher, and as such he was a very important component of the team's success. Today as well he had mostly managed to moot the opposition's best hitters with his crafty pitches. Today, his ”pole”[3] had held well, and he had even taken a few ”flies”[4] as well. As the losing side, from Kurkimäki along the railway, left the field towards the Youth Association House, the nine HiNsU players stayed on the field celebrating, shaking hands and patting each other on the back.

    ”Damn good game, Veli”, Väinö Korhonen, playing second base, praised his team-mate. He lowered his voice and nodded towards the stands.

    ”I saw Emma stare at you in rapt attention as you took out the last couple of runners. She seemed mighty impressed, if you catch my drift...”

    ”Oh, shut up”, Veli said and made as to punch Väinö, feeling a blush creeping to his face. Luckily he was already red from the physical exertion of the pesäpallo game and Väinö would be none the wiser.

    Emma was the daughter of the neighbour of the Vaara farm, a dark-haired, very fit young woman of twenty who by some reason was not yet spoken for. Everyone knew that Emma was a champion athlete herself, the winner of many a skiing contest even on the provincial level, as much as she was headstrong and easy to anger. A right firecracker, she was.

    Most of Veli's team-mates knew that the pitcher was sort of sweet on the girl and made a point of teasing him about it. Veli didn't quite know how to take it all, but he tried to hold his own in the young men's horseplay.

    As the stands started emptying out and also the HiNsU players begun to file towards the Youth Association House, Veli picked up his glove and bat, and then glanced at the members of the audience leaving. His eyes fixed to the three girls walking away, together like always – the two Ollikainen sisters, with their straw-blonde hair, flanking the taller, raven-haired Emma Kerman on both sides. Just as he was turning his eyes away from the trio, Esteri Ollikainen looked back and caught his gaze – and then turned to the two girls, laughing and nodding towards him.

    Feeling the red again creeping to his face, Veli took off towards the House with a rather exaggarated vigor in his step.

    While inside the House, in the room now temporarily used for the HiNsU players for changing their clothes, Veli removed the home-made team shirt his sister had embroidered with the team's logo, splashed some water over his upper body and then reached for the towel. There were no facilities for an actual wash, but then he was going to the sauna in a couple of hours anyway. He put on his shirt, grabbed his bag and bat, and started to make his way out when he saw two men blocking his way. They were the opposing team's third baseman[5] and shortstop[6], Niskanen and Mähönen.

    ”Good game”, Niskanen said, ”for a Communist, I mean...”

    He made a knowing look towards his friend who just sniggered.

    Communist, heh heh...”

    ”We'll sort you out yet, you bloody Red”, Niskanen continued before Veli managed to say anything, ”so savour your victories now when you still can...”

    Veli Vaara straightened his back and looked Niskanen hard in the eye. He was a fair bit taller than either of the two men.

    ”Careful, Niskanen”, he said with a bit of a snarl, ”you don't want to slip on the floor there – we just had it polished. It is still slippery, and you might get hurt if you don't mind what you are doing...”

    As Veli made as to raise a fist and take a step towards Niskanen, a fourth man suddenly stepped in between him and the two others.

    ”Ville and Pekka”, he said calmly, ”why don't you step outside with the others, we'll be leaving in a minute”.

    This was Kovalainen, the Kurkimäki team's captain. A bit older at 26 and a man with decent authority over his team-mates, he smiled apologetically to Veli as Niskanen and Mähönen turned around, sullen, and made for the outer door.

    ”Sorry about that. Niskanen's a hothead, and he can't quite grasp the difference between a Social Democrat and a Communist”, he said, shaking his head.

    ”But then I guess you would know all about that, right?”

    Veli Vaara nodded.

    ”Tell me about it. It can't be helped.... Good game, though, Jaakko. Too bad your two home runs were not enough...”

    Kovalainen grimaced.

    ”Well, you can hit as many home runs as you damn well like, but if you are as rubbish on the defence as we were today...”

    He shrugged.

    ”Anyway, there was something I wanted to tell you. Your team's been very good this season, and I wondered... Well, if you do make it to the upper tier in the fall, I wanted to ask if there might be a spot for me in the team come spring?”

    That was unexpected, but after thinking a while, Veli managed an answer.

    ”I'll have to ask the boys, naturally, but I guess there'll be an opening. The younger Korhonen's beginning his military service in the spring, so we'll be one short. I was thinking about our Jorma, for a runner, but then I guess we'd rather need an experienced hitter... I'll have to break it to Jorma that he'll still be just a substitute, but otherwise I think you'd fit the team alright. I promise to put in the good word for your.”

    The two men shook hands, and then left together for the front door.

    The afternoon sun of August was still warm on his face as Veli stepped out of the Youth Association House. The dust had settled on the modest sports field, and across it, down the hill, the young man of 23 could see golden fields waiting for the scythe and the sickle, spread out between copses of birch and pine trees, framed by a shimmering lake in the distance. A bit of rolling Savonian countryside waiting for the harvest.

    The next few weeks would be filled with work on the Vaara farm as well. It did not help at all that his brother would not be taking part in most of the work, either, Veli thought and felt a slight discomfort in his back, a ghost of the farm work to come.

    Deep in thought, the man turned around to start the light four-kilometer walk home when he almost bumped headlong into a young woman.

    Raising his head, Veli found himself looking at smiling eyes framed by steel-rimmed glasses.

    ”That's my twin brother, so deep inside his head he tries to walk through people!”, Sisko Vaara quipped to him with a ironic smile on her face. She had her student cap set at a jaunty angle on top of her bob cut hair.

    Now a smile spread on Veli's face as well as he grabbed his sister into his arms and hugged her.

    ”You're already here? I thought you would be coming in the evening?”

    Her sister the academic shrugged and smiled.

    ”I made the earlier train, and so the earlier boat as well. I'll have more time to help Mother with the party preparations, now... I saw the last three innings of the game, too. You played well.”

    ”Funny, I didn't see you there in the stands...”

    ”I guess you had other things on your mind. Maybe a girl...”

    Sisko gave Veli a cheeky smile.

    Veli glared at his sister.

    ”Not you, too? Heaven help me.”

    ”Can't help it, you're just too easy, o brother of mine”, Sisko Vaara said as the two started making their way home, along the dry and dusty country road, through a countryside in bloom.





    Notes:

    [1] A player out of the game was originally called ”dead” before pesäpallo terminology was reformed.

    [2] Hirvilahden Nuorisoseuran Urheilijat, or ”the Hirvilahti Youth Association Athletes”.

    [3] In pesäpallo pitching is vertical instead of horizontal like in baseball. A ”pole” (tolppa) is a very high but still straight pitch which skilled pitchers use to mess with hitters.

    [4] A runner that is ”forced out” between hits by the defensive players is called a ”fly” (kärpänen).

    [5] Kolmosvahti.

    [6] Polttaja.


    To Be Continued...

    [filler]
     
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    Two: Arvo



  • Two: Arvo


    The smallish wooden motor boat cut a path across the waves of Lake Kallavesi. A man in his late 50s was steering, listening to the sound of the domestic Andros inboard motor for trouble. The motor had been acting up as of late, and the man didn't want to get stranded with a malfunctioning machine.

    At the prow of the boat sat a younger man. Twenty-five at most, the boatman would have estimated the man's age, a handsome, tall man who seemed to be very sure of himself. The man carried himself like a military officer, which was rather logical given that he was also wearing the uniform of one. The uniforms of the Finnish cavalry and dragoons were among the most old-fashioned used by the country's young military, and with his black riding boots, red trousers, and grey-white ”skeleton tunic”, the man cut a very traditionally martial figure indeed.

    ”Can't you get this thing moving any faster?”, the younger man said with an edge to his voice, ”I don't really have the time for a leisurely Sunday outing”.

    The boatman looked at the man and then at his bags, stacked near his feet, and sighed internally.

    ”Listen, mister warlord[1]”, he said, and got interrupted by the man.

    ”It's lieutenant, man!”, he snapped, indicating the two bright metal pips on both sides of his high collar, ”don't you know your ranks?”

    The boatman ground his teeth and then spoke up again.

    ”Mister lieutenant, you could call old Rieti many things, but a milit'ry man wouldn't be among them epithets. What ever I learned during my stint in the forces, and that was them old forces, that I've already forgotten...”

    He spat over the side of the boat and looked at the younger man again.

    ”Now, you wanted a boat to take you to Hirvilahti. You got it, mister. You wanted to get there before the next ship in the morning. You'll get that too. But this old tub ain't getting any faster with you complaining. It might get faster, just maybe, if you paid what you owed me right now, what?”

    Arvo Vaara gave the boatman a poisonous stare and then turned his eyes north-west towards the home shore that was slowly creeping closer. He didn't have the energy right now to argue with the man he had hired in Kuopio to get to his family home in time. The train ride from Lappeenranta had been long enough as it was, it had sapped some of his usual vigor.

    ”You'll get your money when we get to Vaarala[2], all right. Just get me there”, he said with an acidic tone to his voice and left it at that.

    The Vaara farm was situated right next to the shores of Lake Kallavesi, and not far from the Hirvilahti village pier itself. The farm even had its own pier, but then of course the bigger passenger vessels out of Kuopio would not stop there.

    Usually, that is. Tomorrow, though, a steam ship would come directly to the farm's pier, just because everyone aboard would be coming directly to Vaarala.

    For the party.

    And that was why Lieutenant Arvo Vaara of the Häme Mounted Regiment[3] was coming home this time as well.

    The sun was already closer to the horizon when the boat was finally tied up to the Vaarala pier. Arvo told the old boatman that if he didn't want to go back to Kuopio overnight, they could find a hayloft for him to sleep in, and there would be some food for him before that, too. The man accepted those terms, and even helped Arvo carry his bags to the farm itself.

    There was nobody at the yard when Arvo and Rieti reached Vaarala. Arvo could see a lot of movement in the main building, though, and when they got to the building's door, Arvo saw Jussi, one of the Vaarala farmhands, barge out from behind the corner. The man stopped in his tracks and cocked his head.

    ”Well if isn't Mister Arvo come back to see us! How do you do”, the man said and smiled, ”how's the crown[4] been treating you, soldier?”

    Arvo smiled at old Jussi and shook his hand with a firm grip.

    ”I won't lie to you – it's a lot of work, breaking in the new recruits. But I'm doing fine, I think. They promoted me too”, he said, raising his chin to make the two metal pips more visible.

    The old, trusted farmhand nodded.

    ”Your father told us about that, congratulations, lieutenant! Seems that a military career is suiting you just fine.”

    Arvo nodded, looking past Jussi towards the main house.

    ”Say, Jussi... Take care of Rieti here, find him something to eat and a place to spend the night...”

    He looked at the boatman.

    ”You'll get your money in a minute, go with Jussi here and we'll settle my bill.”

    That said, Arvo Vaara gathered his bags and went in the front door of the big red-painted, two-storied farmhouse. He dropped the bags in the foyer and followed the sounds of busyness to the main hall.

    ”...And don't forget the Karelian stew, Niina! We'll need to make sure we have enough for everyone, and that goes for the weak beer too – ask Sisko to help you with...

    ”Mother”, Arvo said from the door to the stout woman in her mid-40s standing in the middle of the hall, doling out orders to his children and maids, much like a particularly effective company quartermaster.

    ”Arvo! I was already wondering what's gone and happened to you! Now that you're here, you can take off your suit of armor and help us with the preparations... Oh, but you must be hungry. Here, eat some Karelian pastries, Sisko's just making some egg butter to go with them...”

    Arvo could see his mother was so immersed in organizing her husband's party that she barely had time to greet her son.

    ”Mother, good to see you”, he said, ”you're busy, so I won't take your time any more than necessary”.

    He lowered his voice.

    ”Could you send someone... to pay the boatman who brought me over? It seems I... I lost my wallet on the train...”

    After that business was settled, Arvo drifted over to the kitchen, to get some of the pastries, and to be hugged vigorously by his twin sister, Sisko.

    ”Why if it isn't my brother the headless horseman! It must be, what, five months since I saw you. What are you now, a colonel?”

    Arvo smiled and made as if to salute the first female university student in the family.

    ”You wish. You don't get... colonel's tabs... at 23, not during... peace time at... the very least...”, he said, shovelling some pastries with butter and eggs into his mouth at the same time.

    ”I am sure you're not... a doctor of philosophy... yet, either?”

    Sisko shook her head.

    ”That – that requires some actual work, instead of, you know, waiting for some old officer to retire or to get a stroke and fall off his horse to get his spot at the top. Even the battles in the academia are slightly less bloody than what you lot might have to go through in your line of business”, the young woman said, smiling sweetly and continuing to mash boiled eggs together with home-churned butter.

    ”Ha.”

    In the hall, Arvo's and Sisko's mother continued to give out orders for each and every member of the household she could lay her eyes on. Arvo looked around himself, making it an exaggarated gesture of searching for something.

    ”Where's Veli, now? Shirking Mother's orders, is he?”

    ”He went to the sauna, just a while ago.”

    Arvo took some water from a jug and drank deep, then wiped his mouth and looked at his sister.

    ”Not a bad move at all, for our Veli... You know, dear sister, maybe I'll follow my brother's example”.

    The young officer walked out of the kitchen, and then towards the sauna building closer to the shore. To be fair, if had been a long trip he had taken today, all the way from the barracks to Vaarala, and now the sauna would be exactly what he needed.

    Arvo took the familiar tree-lined path towards the old smoke sauna, the path he had walked countless times as a boy and a man, a path taking him slightly down the hill towards the waters of Lake Kallavesi, still now, reflecting the light of the evening sun at his back. As he got to the water's edge, he could see a family of black-throated loons slowly passing him by, paddling below the low-hanging branches of the big old birch next to the sauna. A wooden rowboat had been drawn to shore under the birch, as well.

    After entering the building made of heavy old logs, Arvo took off his uniform in silence, and hung it on the pegs in the sauna's anteroom. All his clothes removed, he walked to the door of the sauna proper and grasped the worn wooden handle, making the heavy door open with a creak.

    Upon entering the warm, dimly lit room, its walls darkened with the smoke of ages[5], he could see the figure of a man sitting on the uppermost bench.

    ”Veli”, he said, nodding, and then took some cold water to pour over his head, before walking to his brother and shaking his hand.

    ”Arvo”, his younger brother, younger by mere five minutes, greeted him, and made some room for him on the wooden bench.

    ”So the cavalry let you go for a moment, then? Seems we're not going to war in the next few days, at least”, he said, matter of factly, and poured some water on the hot stones in front of the two men.

    Here in the dim light of the sauna, it would have been impossible for a casual observer to distinguish the two Vaara brothers from each other. Built the same way, tall and muscular, and sharing the very same facial features, Arvo and Veli exhibited all the hallmarks of identical twins. They even wore their hair the same way, and their chins and lips were equally shaven. Really, at the moment, only their siblings and parents could distinguish the two brothers from each other by mere physical features only.

    ”It is only a few days, though”, Arvo said after a while, ”there's a big military exercise near Viipuri starting next week and our unit's taking part in it. I'll be leaving again right after the party...”

    Arvo saw a look on his brother's face and knew what it was about.

    ”So I won't be here for the harvest... But I am a soldier. I've got my duty and my orders”, he said.

    ”I've got my duty to the Fatherland.”

    Veli said nothing, only picked up the vasta made out of birch branches with leaves on them, and started lighly beating his back with it.

    As much as the two brothers looked alike, in beliefs and attitudes they were very different. Arvo had been an active member of the Civil Guards since he was a boy, and later on had chosen the career of a military officer, to much divided feelings among his parents and siblings. By all accounts, he was very good at it, too.

    Veli, on the other hand, was not interested in military matters at all. If he had taken part in Civil Guard training at all, it had been for the sports, a side of it he had excelled in. He had completed his military service, like everyone else, but with minimum effort. In the end, he had been released to life in the reserve as a mere private. And, after his service, he had abandoned the Civil Guards entirely. To the chagrin of his father and to the surprise of most people who knew him, at age 21 he joined the Social Democratic Party.

    In fact, for all Lieutenant Arvo Vaara knew, his twin brother was now a pacifist.

    The two men sat together in the silence for a while. Arvo used a vasta of his own. Veli poured some more water on the stones, making the heat attack the brothers' heads and then shoulders.

    ”It is good to see you, anyway”, Veli said after a while, ”if just for a few days.”

    Arvo nodded.

    ”You too, brother.”

    After a while more in the semidarkness, and after a few more ladles of water on the hot stones, the two men exited the sauna to take a swim in the cool, still waters of Lake Kallavesi.





    Notes:

    [1] Herra sotaherra.

    [2] The name often used for the Vaara farm since Salomo Vaara bought it for the family.

    [3] Hämeen Ratsurykmentti (HRR).

    [4] Kruunu. As old-fashioned as the term is, ”crown” was very much still used in interwar Finland in reference to the state and its military.

    [5] A traditional smoke sauna is slowly warmed through the day, with the smoke filling the entire room through the process. Only when the sauna is good and ready, is the smoke let out and the sauna aired.



    To Be Continued...
     
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    Three: Sisko

  • Three: Sisko



    A BORDER VIOLATION ON THE KARELIAN ISTHMUS

    Three Russian airplanes crossed the border twice

    Machine-gun fire by the Border Guard drove away the uninvited guests

    Yesterday another egregious border violation took place on the Karelian Isthmus. About 11 a.m. three Russian airplanes, two fighters and one bomber, crossed over the Finnish border somewhat north of the bridge over Rajajoki. The planes flew all the way to the Ollila station, but after fire was opened against them...

    After a busy night and an equally hectic morning, Sisko suddenly found herself without anything to do. True to form, she decided to sneak into her father's study and to borrow a stack of newspapers to browse through. In the last few days, she hadn't had the time to read up on current events, and now she took the opportunity to leaf through a few days old copies of both the Helsingin Sanomat[1] and the Savon Sanomat[2].

    A DOUBLE VICTORY POSSIBLE IN THE FINLAND-SWEDEN ATHLETICS COMPETITION

    Record results, surprises, a successful start in Stockholm

    Savolainen better than Strandberg, Mäki stronger than Jonsson in brilliant feats of running

    Sisko should have been helping in the last preparations for her father's party, but then her participation had been torpedoed by the man of the hour himself.

    "She's a university student, Alma", he had told her wife, his piercing eyes peering brightly from behind his round spectacles, "she will be a doctor some day not so far in the future. When the guests arrive, I will not have her bustling around like some common maid! She'll join us at the main table, among my guests."

    And that was that. Sisko Vaara had been dropped off her mother's work roster and told to put on her better clothes for the party, and to remember to wear her student cap so that her status as a university student would not be unclear to anyone.

    20 000 MEN WILL TAKE PART IN WAR GAMES

    30 000 kg of food needed daily

    3000 horses and 400 motor vehicles included

    Troop concentrations next Sunday and Monday to the east and north of Viipuri

    Sisko did not like to read on the political and military developments in Europe, things seemed much too tense right now, what with Germany and Poland, and other nations in central Europe besides, seemingly more ready to go at each other's throats every passing day. So, she rather focused on the domestic news and cultural and economic issues.

    THE FOREIGN GUESTS OF THE TEMPERANCE CONFERENCE ARRIVE

    The chairman of the International Temperance Union in Finland

    Altogether twenty-two nations are represented in the conference

    ”What does 'temperance' mean, Sisko?”, she suddenly heard a voice next to her.

    It was Erkki, his baby brother, standing there holding his dear toy badger. Erkki was her parents' evening star, altogether 17 years younger than the Vaara triplets. At age six, he had proved to be a very inquisitive and headstrong boy.

    ”Did you read it from the paper, Erkki?”, she asked and the fair-haired boy nodded.

    ”Veli has been teaching me to read”, he said brightly.

    I'm sure he has, she thought with an inward smile. He'll have you reading and memorizing the Forssa Program [3] soon enough.

    ”Well, Erkki, 'temperance' means that one does not drink alcohol, or at least practices strict limits on their consumption of alcoholic beverages – like your parents, for example”, Sisko told her brother who nodded solemnly.

    ”I see. Why do adults drink alcohol, if not drinking it is better?”

    A good question.

    ”The thing is, I understand, that drinking some alcohol makes one feel nice and happy”, the young university student told the boy in his summer shorts, ”but then drinking more makes one stupid and clumsy. And if one drinks too much, the next day they will be feeling sick, have a headache and a sore stomach.”

    Erkki nodded again.

    ”That sounds bad. When I grow up, I will join the International Temperance Union and never drink alcohol at all.”

    He looked at his plushy toy animal.

    ”And neither will Mister Badger.”[4]

    Sisko nodded, smiling.

    ”That is definitely a good decision for you and for Mister Badger as well.”

    Erkki never went anywhere these days without his black and grey toy. One day, last year, he had been roaming in the woods behind the cowshed when he had spotted an animal he had never seen before. Veli told her that Erkki had come running to him, excitedly asking about the furry fellow snuffling about in the woods, one that had run off after it had noticed the boy. Veli had told his brother that the funny-looking animal was a badger, or a ”forest pig” like it was also called.

    Some days passed. Then one night Erkki had dreamed about badgers, and after that he had started demanding that he should get a pet badger for himself. He had asked it from his parents repeatedly, and even if her mother explained to her that a badger is a creature of the forest, not a pet, he had not given up. Even after his father had given him a spanking to disabuse him of the badger obsession, Erkki had not given up. Finally, exasperated, Alma Vaara had got a bright idea and commissioned a Kuopio seamstress to make a stuffed toy badger to Erkki. Oh the happiness when the boy finally got the furry thing he had long wanted. Perhaps to alleviate the fact that it was not a real live badger, Erkki had named the toy Mister Badger and started carrying it around with him what ever he did.

    ”Sisko!”, she heard a woman's voice calling out to her, ”they're coming!”

    That would be the guests, she thought, sighed, put down the paper and got up herself.

    And true enough, when she got out to the yard, the guests of honour were already arriving to Vaarala.

    They were men in dark suits and women in summer dresses, come from Kuopio on the steamer Tähti, chartered for this occasion specifically. Town and state bureaucrats, town and rural municipality councilmen, party functionaries, Civil Guard officers and other local notables with their wives made up a procession of party-goers from the Vaarala pier to the big main house that some called the Vaarala manor.

    Salomo Vaara himself stood there waiting for them, in his three piece suit, checking his pocket watch. He was a man of a medium build, with a not-too-handsome face decorated with a mustache and severe round eyeglasses. His head was bald and he walked with an ivory-handled cane. Salomo Vaara's a bit underwhelming looks were overshadowed by his deep baritone voice and his impressive presence. Her father had charisma in spades, he could dominate most gatherings with the sheer weight of his personality, Sisko Vaara had to agree. That was probably why the farmer and the inspector of the local branches of the Cooperative Credit Union[5] was constantly involved in the council of the Kuopio rural municipality[6], and a lot of other official Agrarian League business as well, even up to the national level. It did not hurt a bit that he was a personal acquintance of Doctor Gephard[7] himself, too.

    The procession of guests was led by the highest-ranking figure – P.V. Heikkinen, the long-time chairman of the Agrarian League himself, a member of parliament and the current Minister of Agriculture. Heikkinen was an old if not friend, then a friendly rival of Salomo Vaara as well, hailing from Nilsiä to the north of Kuopio, only some tens of kilometers from Hirvilahti. On his summer holiday from his important work in the capital, Heikkinen had found the time to come visit the chairman of the Kuopio rural municipality's council on his 50th anniversary.

    Naturally, most of the men and women pouring into the Vaara yard were members and supporters of the Agrarian League.

    Out on the yard, under the August sun, several long tables had been set out for the guests, one of them raised slightly higher and more prominently bedecked with decorations. The guests of honour would have fitted inside the main hall of the Vaarala farmhouse, if only so-and-so, but then they were not the only guests expected on this day. All and sundry villagers and local well-wishers would be expected to show up, and all expected to get at least something to eat. And so, several rows of tables had been set up on the yard, some with chairs but most with simple benches lining them.

    Sisko stood to the side with her twin brothers, one in his best dark suit, looking uncomfortable, and the other in his cavalry uniform, somewhat more at ease, as the guests of honour were shown to their places around the tables.

    The young woman corrected the position of her student cap and looked at the food laid on the tables – a veritable feast designed to reflect the affluence of the Vaara farm. Pots of Karelian meat stew, several kalakukkos[8] and lanttukukkos[9] cut open from the top in the traditional fashion, freshly smoked pikes acquired from fish traps just that morning, piles of boiled potatoes, boiled carrots and peas, pickled cucumbers and beets, summer salad with boiled eggs. And of course rye bread and butter, and lots of Karelian pastries with egg butter. For dessert, fresh strawberries with whipped cream. Jugs of homemade weak beer to drink, as well as cold water from the well.

    Later on, there would be coffee, cakes and sweet rolls.

    Needless to say, to set up the offerings had been a work of days for Alma Vaara, the other women of the household and several other women from the village as temporary help. The reputation of the Vaara family, and that of Alma Vaara herself was at stake – everything would have to go off without a hitch, unless she wanted that uncomplementary things would be said of her and hers behind her back. Alma Vaara did not want that. As the mistress of the Vaara household, she had a reputation and a status to uphold, and uphold them she would.

    Sisko Vaara had to greet many guests of honour before she finally could start looking forward to actually digging in to the food on offer. To be honest, after a seemingly neverending procession of older gentlemen in suits and their summery wives to be curtseyed and smiled at, she was starting to feel somewhat peckish herself, too.

    But first, of course, there was the vicar[10] leading everyone in a grace and a hymn, in his black suit and priest's collar. The man in his 40s looked stern and his wife angelic, though everyone knew that appearances were deceiving. The vicar himself was Christian charity come to flesh, a man given to avoid fire and brimstone in his sermons. His wife, on the other hand, held on to much stricter de facto Christian doctrines and generally had the reputation of being a bit of a dragon.

    After the hymn ended, the feast of Salomo Vaara's 50th birthday begun.



    Notes:

    [1] The leading capital daily.

    [2] A major Savonian provincial paper, published in Kuopio.

    [3] The official platform of the Finnish Social Democratic Party, originally adopted in 1903.

    [4] Herra Mäyrä.

    [5] Osuuskassa.

    [6] Kuopion maalaiskunta, a separate municipality surrounding the town proper.

    [7] Hannes Gebhard was the founder of the Finnish rural cooperative banking movement.

    [8] A traditional Savonian dish of fish (usually vendace or perch) and pork baked inside a rye bread crust and slowly baked in an oven to very well done.

    [9] The same but with rutabaga instead of fish.

    [10] Kirkkoherra, arguably a corruption of Swedish kyrkoherde. The Finnish term is more intimidating than the word ”vicar” is in English, it can be literally translated as ”church lord”.


    To Be Continued
     
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    Four: The Summer of Innocence
  • It was high summer for a people revelling in its freedom and youthful growth. Walking the streets of the city, I looked at the smiling faces of the young men and women about their everyday business, saw the determined, sweaty construction workers in their honest work, and spied high above a lone falcon soaring over the buildings, playfully reaching for the clouds.

    It was a summer of innocence.


    Would things ever again be as good, as pure, as lively and radiant as they were now, I wondered.

    The answer came with a cold gust of wind, but young and naïve as I was, I didn’t bother to listen.


    Mika Waltari: Päiviemme määrä (”The Number of Our Days”), 1960.



    Four: The Summer of Innocence

    Over two decades later, the writer Mika Waltari would dub the middle months of 1939 ”a summer of innocence” in his acclaimed novel Päiviemme määrä (”The Number of Our Days”). In retrospect, it is indeed not hard to see the summer in this way. Despite the instability growing in much of Europe at the time, in Finland the general atmosphere was quite optimistic. The Great Depression had passed the nation relatively lightly, and in the late 30s Finland experienced healthy economic growth based on increased foreign trade, mostly centred on the well-developing wood industry’s products. The standards of living were improving, the paychecks growing. And novel products to use your money in kept arriving in the stores. New companies and new industrial plants were built, the state supported the development of national infrastructure and the electrification of the nation had been well underway after the construction of the first major hydro plant in the Imatrankoski in Southern Karelia in the late 20s. Additional mineral deposits were found in different parts of the country, and new mining operations were planned. Some of them were already being realized: in the very north of the country, in Arctic Sea-hugging Petsamo, the left arm of the Maid of Finland, the construction was underway for a major nickel plant, on cooperation with the British-Canadian Inco-Mond company.

    Slowly but surely, Finland was opening up to Europe, just like the young intellectuals and writers of the Tulenkantajat (”The Fire Bearers”) movement, a member of which also Waltari was, were demanding through their work. Helsinki was a more international city by the day – and would be even more so by 1940. In the Finnish capital, the general arrangements for the 1940 Olympics, awarded to Finland by the IOC after Japan had to forfeit the games planned to be held in Tokyo due to the international criticism caused by the war with China, were progressing well. In the warm summer months of 1939, the work to build the new Olympic stadium in Helsinki continued apace with the effort to construct all the other Olympic venues in time. The stadium was to be completed by the end of the year, like the new velodrome and most of the Olympic Village, and by the admission of the German Olympic organizer Carl Diem who visited Finland in early August, the fact that the Finns had had only half the ordinary time for this effort at their use was not at all readily apparent.[1] By and by, the Finnish Olympic Committee was sanguine of success in every way. In July, the Finnish newspapers reported that after recent discussions with European and American authorities and media organizations, the Helsinki games would become the Olympic Games to most widely reach international audiences through the radio waves so far.

    In early July, Finland elected a new parliament for the ninth time in the short history of the Republic. By and large, Prime Minister Cajander’s coalition cabinet dominated by the Social Democrats and the Agrarians received strong support from the electorate, with both the ruling parties gaining new parliamentarians. In the new Eduskunta, the SDP had won 85 and the Agrarian League 56 seats. The biggest loser was the far right, nationalist Patriotic People’s Movement that lost almost half of its seats and dropped to only 8 members of the parliament. Even if the young and eager Agrarian Minister of the Interior, Urho Kekkonen, had ultimately failed in his 1938 effort to abolish the whole nationalist party as ”anti-democratic” and as dangerous to the nation as far left groups were, the fallout from his efforts to do this appeared to hurt the far right much more than it did the moderate Agrarians.

    While abroad the Finnish elections received a lot less interest than the other, generally more worrying and negative developments in more southern parts of Europe, the limited foreign commentary that did appear saw the Finnish political system in a favourable light. In an article on Finland, the Swiss Neue Zürcher Zeitung estimated that the results of the elections now showed to the world that the Finns in general supported democracy, parliamentarism, and neutrality policies that were based on Finland cooperating with its neighbour Sweden and staying well out of international disagreements.

    At this time, of course, the discussions between the Finnish and Soviet authorities about Soviet territorial demands, ones that had been started on the insistence of the Soviet diplomat Boris Yartsev [2] in the spring of 1938, were not yet known among anyone else than a very limited number of Finnish and Soviet leading politicians and diplomats. These discussions had been continued on a higher level in the spring of 1939, but the Finnish government had that far flatly rejected all Soviet demands.

    After the elections, the coalition cabinet that had been led by Prime Minister Aimo Cajander since 1937 continued with the essentially same team of ministers, neither President Kyösti Kallio or the main parties seeing a need for a reshuffle. Generally, there were more policy disagreements between the politicians and the military leadership than between the main parties themselves. After the elections, a row flared up again between the Agrarian Minister of Defence, Juho Niukkanen, and the Social Democrat Minister of Finance, Väinö Tanner, on one side, and the chairman of the National Defence Council, Field Marshal C.G.E. Mannerheim, on the other. The issues were Mannerheim’s demands for more money to the military, and a bigger mandate for him as the head of the Defence Council, and Niukkanen’s and Tanner’s opposition to these demands. In the event, the president supported Mannerheim’s mandate but failed to give strong backing to an enlarged defence budget. In the conditions prevalent in late July 1939, Prime Minister Cajander did not believe that war would touch Finland for a long time to come. The President generally agreed with the assessment of the man who was more of a university professor than a career politician by skills and inclinations.

    The approaching Olympics were seen as ready fodder for the nascent Finnish movie industry as well. In the summer of 1939 the production company Suomi-Filmi was shooting an Olympic-themed comedy in Helsinki, based on the popular characters of Lapatossu, the lazy, laid-back joker played by Aku Korhonen, and Vinski, his often straight-man sidekick (Kaarlo Kartio), called Lapatossu ja Vinski olympiakuumeessa (”Lapatossu And Vinski In Olympic Fever”). The film directed by the well-established Yrjö Norta was to premier in early September. When the production of the film was ongoing, however, a tragedy struck the Finnish film world. At an event connected with the premier of director Valentin Vaala’s Rikas tyttö (”The Rich Girl”) in Hämeenlinna, the movie’s leading actress Sirkka Sari climbed on the roof of the Hotel Aulanko, on a lark, and fell down a chimney she had mistaken for a viewing platform. The promising young actress died at age 19 and the tragic death was widely discussed in the press during the following days and weeks. Sari’s funeral on August 5th at Muolaa on the Karelian isthmus was attended by a massive number of people.

    On the Karelian isthmus, a bone of contention between the Finnish and Soviet governments in 1938 and 1939, the summer nevertheless showed its best sides to visitors and tourists. Terijoki near the border was a town known for its spas and sandy beaches already in Tsarist times. Then the town by the Viipuri - St.Petersburg railway was patronized by the well-to-do from the nearby imperial Russian capital, who built many pretty villas among the sand dunes next to the shores of the Gulf of Finland. Now in 1939 most of these villas were owned by Finnish summer guests: after a major number of the villas had not been reclaimed by their pre-1917 owners after the area passed to Finnish ownership in the post-revolution days, they had been taken over by the Finnish state and auctioned off to interested citizens. Many a family had been able to acquire an affordable summer villa they hoped would solve their summer vacation-related questions for many years to come. Even for the people who could not afford an entire villa as their own or even on temporary lease, the hotels and inns of the Terijoki area allowed a good base of operation from where to hit the beaches in the sun.


    At the other end of the Finnish southern coast, the streets of the little coastal town right next to Turku were almost filled with people on this sunny August day. Naantali, the sunshine town, was each year becoming a more popular place for tourists arriving, it seemed, from all parts of the nation. Not only was the town pretty and cozy with its old wooden houses, it also could boast a fine, big medieval church and, the most important feature of all, a well-regarded spa and a number of high-class establishments for those with an interest in wining and dining.

    Along the sunny street, an older man in a light-colored summer suit and a panama hat was walking casually. Soon, he was joined by a woman of the same age. Followed discreetly by a small number of young and fit men in sensibly-cut suits, then couple made their way towards the waterfront.

    The man with a panama hat, his face decorated with a set of heavy, drooping mustaches nodded and smiled to people passing him and his wife on the street, many of them recognizing the Republic’s first couple on a daily outing in the streets of the nation’s summer capital. For here in Naantali, on an island just off the town centre, within a view of the stony medieval church, stood Kultaranta [3], the Finnish presidents’ official summer residence.

    As he walked on, with his wife Kaisa's hand in his, President Kyösti Kallio was increasingly drifting deeper into his own head. His mind floated in a flow of free association. He had not slept very well recently, his poor health causing him trouble almost daily, and it made him irritable. It also made it hard to focus on things, sometimes.

    The recent political events if Europe bothered Kallio, despite the glorious summer weather around him. So did the USSR’s attitude towards Finland. What caused him particular grief today was the fate of that young actress who had lost her life in Hämeenlinna – the old man did not understand why God would allow such accidents to happen to young people who had their whole lives in front of them. Just a slight misstep, and it was the end of everything.

    The old couple had now reached a wooden pier by the sea, and there the presidential motor boat was waiting for them – modest in size, but all gleaming, well-varnished mahogany nevertheless, at its controls a young, keen soldier attached to the summer house’s staff. The president's second aide-de-camp waited here as well, and made to salute his boss as the old man approached him.

    As Kallio stepped on the pier, he continued to contemplate the unfortunate fate of the young actress, and now he felt an even worse twist of pain in his heart. Right after first feeling it, he saw his view of vision dimming and could not feel his wife's hand in his own anymore.

    And so, just a mere metre before the president’s second aide-de-camp would have extended his hand to the President of the Republic to help him to the waiting motor boat, the man in the summer suit stumbled and fell. It happened too fast for the aide-de-camp or the president's wife to react. Kallio slipped down from the pier to the water, and on the way struck his head violently to the boat’s side.[4]

    Only now the young soldier at the boat’s controls moved, took a couple of steps and swiftly jumped to the water to help the old man. In seconds, the second aide-de-camp got down to the water as well.

    As the two men started dragging the president out of the water, with three onlookers rushing to help in what seemed like slow motion, Kaisa Kallio stared at the man she had been married to for 37 years.

    Only a quiet whisper left her lips.

    Please, for God’s sake, help him”.


    promises.jpg


    Left: "Visit Naantali, the spa and monastery town", a 1930s travel ad. Right: Sirkka Sari as Anni Hall in Rikas tyttö, 1939.



    Notes:

    [1] Diem was the chief organizer of the 1936 Olympics in Berlin. He is considered the inventor of the modern-style Olympic torch relay.

    [2] An alias. The real name of the man calling himself ”Yartsev” was Boris Rybkin. NKVD officers working at the Soviet embassy in Finland frequently adopted aliases for the duration of their stay in Helsinki.

    [3] Or Gullranda in Swedish. The Finnish name can be translated literally as ”Gold Coast”. The handsome granite villa was built during WWI for the millionaire businessman Alfred Kordelin, who had planned it to become the home where he could spend his sunset years. After Kordelin was killed by Red soldiers in 1917, the villa passed eventually to the Finnish state and was made into the Finnish presidents’ summer residence in 1920.

    [4] OOC: A PoD.



    To Be Continued

     
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    Five: Veli (and Arvo)

  • Five: Veli (and Arvo)



    ...So, I can't think of a more precious land

    Than is Savonia to me

    And nothing more sweeter rings in my ears

    Of anything God has created

    Than ”dear land of Savonia!”


    The Song of the Savonian had ended what Veli saw as the official part of the birthday party. Apart from the food, there had also been some singing, and of course a few obligatory speeches. P.V. Heikkinen had given the main congratulatory speech, solemnly recounting Salomo Vaara's importance to the province, the nation, and naturally to the party.

    ”...setting an example for all independent farmers, through his efforts for improving his holdings and introducing new, scientifically-based methods of farming and animal husbandry. And doing all this together with his ongoing work in the interest of developing the conditions of banking in these rural areas of Northern Savonia, too – we can all agree that in Salomo Vaara we can see the very picture of a patriotic, upstanding, hardworking, intelligent and enterprising man, a real man to look up to, also for his many children...”

    Veli Vaara had looked at the men and women nodding at the speech, some more, some less earnestly. It was well-known that for all his good qualities, Salomo Vaara could also be very strict, overbearing and downright nasty to people who for some reason disagreed with him or did not correspond to his demands towards them. The man pushed himself hard, and then he expected all others to fulfill the same standards, whether or not they could or even wanted to do that.

    At the last part of the feast, Veli Vaara had started to feel that his suit was becoming very uncomfortable. His tie felt like it wanted to strangle him. He was used to much more loose-fitting clothes, like someone who lives and works on a farm often is, and he didn't like the crowd and the whole set-up of the big birthday party, either.

    Happily, though, the official part had now passed and the tables started emptying out. A lot of the older guests were starting to leave – the ship would be raising steam for the trip back to Kuopio, to embark in a couple of hours.

    Veli surreptiously removed his tie and immediately felt a measure of relief.


    Arvo

    The evening had come to the Vaara farm, and now there was music. Salomo Vaara and those older guests that had stayed even after the Tähti left the Vaarala pier had mainly retired to the main building where Arvo thought right now another round of coffee was being served, along with a bit of cognac for the gentlemen.

    But outside, the dances were starting. Together, the younger people of the village had converted a large hayloft to a party venue, and a couple of local musicians had been hired for the night to provide music. Magnanimously, Salomo Vaara had decided to allow this bit of fun to the young men and women of Hirvilahti, who were now arriving to Vaarala in ones, twos and small knots of people, coming up the slight incline from the direction of the village centre where the school, the co-operative shop, the Youth Society House and the sports field were situated in.

    The August evening was starting to cool down outside. For Arvo Vaara, who had felt sort of hot in his old-fashioned uniform tunic the whole day, it actually felt better when the temperature started going down.

    Like the day, the evening was clear and bright, with only a line of clouds visible on the horizon.

    Mr Lieutenant, I have an important message for you, so to speak”, someone told Arvo and he turned around.

    It was Rieti, the old boatman, who after learning of all the birthday party involved had decided to stick around. For the feast, and what would come after. He had a knowing smile plastered on his worn face, and he nodded towards the left.

    ”...Behind the corner, that is.”

    Curious, the military man followed Rieti to the indicated direction.

    There, out of a line of sight from the main building, the man showed him a wooden box hidden behind a small bush. Winking, Rieti kneeled and pulled out a bottle. Then he opened the cork and held it out for Arvo.

    ”A message in a bottle. A song.

    Arvo smelled the bottle and took a small, tentative swig. And then he had to cough to clear his throat.

    ”Horrid”, he told the old boatman, ”but genuine stuff none the less”.

    Rieti's smile grew wider.

    ”I have a good, ol' supplier out by Nilsiä way. A right professional, when it comes to high-grade moonshine, see, he's got it down to science, he has – and you gotta support the development of the local economy, what? That's what the man said earlier. I always keep a box in my boat, for dif'rent contingencies, as it were, and now I su'posed this might be the right sort of occasion to bring it ashore.”

    Now Arvo smiled as well.

    ”I'd say you weren't half wrong with that estimate.”

    The two men haggled over the price for a while, and then arrived to an arrangement.

    And so, another matter of importance was laid to rest.


    Veli

    Veli had stayed out on the yard talking to some of his team-mates about various things, including, but not limited to, pesäpallo, drinking some beer and smoking. Now he and a couple of the guys steeled themselves and took off towards where the music was drifting to the Vaarala yard.

    Inside, a polka just released as a lively harmonica rendition in the early summer by Viljo Vesterinen and the Dallapé Orchestra was being played from a gramophone while the live musicians were taking a break.

    About forty young people were bouncing across the hayloft to the tune.

    ”Look at them go!”, Väinö Korhonen quipped to Veli and winked, turning his look back at Miina Juntunen going past him at speed.

    Miina was one of the most buxom girls in the village, and Väinö now stared at her in a trance-like state.

    ”I say”, he said quietly and shook his head in admiration.

    Veli Vaara, for his part, scanned the dim space lit by a few lanterns and the summer night's light that was still filtering in through the doors and a few windows.

    There was someone he was looking for.

    Finally, after a few moments, he spotted Emma Kerman, not dancing for the while but seemingly engaged in a discussion with one of the other girls, laughing and joking. She wore a blue dress, and there was something unbelievably fetching in the way she absentmindedly brushed a lock of her nearly black hair off her forehead.

    Veli took a step or two towards the girls when someone stopped him.

    ”Veli, I'm happy I finally found you.”

    Annoyed, he turned around to see a man a bit older than him standing there, looking nervous.

    Yes, what is it?”, he snapped, more angry than he would have liked.

    The man recoiled slightly.

    ”Sorry... to bother you... It's just that I...”, the man stammered.

    Seeing the man's confusion, Veli relented and steered him outside.

    While back on the yard, Veli looked at Heikki Hyvärinen levelly.

    ”Its quieter here. So, Heikki, what is it?”, he said, this time in a considerably more friendly tone.

    ”It's about our payment – it appears that we will be late again...”

    Hyvärinen had taken a personal loan from Salomo Vaara to finance the purchase of his farm. And for a while, everything had worked out well. But as of late... While Heikki was a good, decent worker, he had been suffering of a recurring illness since the spring, and had had trouble working. And that had caused him to have trouble with his payments, too.

    Heikki was a kindly, quiet and timid man, and he was downright terrified of Salomo Vaara. The old man had chewed him up bad a couple of times, and as a rule after that he had wanted to avoid it happening again.

    So, when there were problems with his payments, what Heikki did was to come to Veli first, with his cap in his hand. Even then, on such occasions he was always so nervous that it made Veli feel sorry for him.

    ”...So if you could break it to your father, maybe?”, the man said, with a pleading look in his eyes.

    ”Don't worry, Heikki”, Veli said, trying out what he thought was his most reassuring expression, ”we'll figure it out. I'll take it from here, don't worry.”

    The two men shook hands, and Heikki left, looking thankful and relieved. Veli liked that look on the man's face a lot more.

    By now, and especially since his brother and sister had left the farm for Lappeenranta and Helsinki, Veli had been getting more and more acquainted with acting as a buffer between his overbearing father and the world. De facto, the oldest resident son of Salomo Vaara found himself increasingly working as an acting master of the Vaara farm, very much like a steward of his father's interests while Salomo again embarked on his far-flung bank-inspecting trips around Northern Savonia.

    Veli liked to think he was decent at it, as well. In some ways better than his prickly father, even, at least when it came to dealing with different people and their various very human shortcomings.

    After Veli got back to the hayloft, he again started looking around to spot Emma Kerman. The musicians had returned and were now playing a waltz that was a lot less rowdy piece of music than the recent polka had been.

    After a while of searching, he realized Emma was already dancing with someone. Veli looked at the dark-haired woman spinning around the room, smiling, holding on to a tall, handsome man in a military uniform.

    Arvo, he thought and felt a pang of jealousy gripping himself.

    Feeling foolish just standing there, Veli Vaara took a few steps towards Esteri, the younger of the Ollikainen sisters, a little wisp of a girl in comparison to the tall Emma Kerman and bowed to her. With that pang of jealousy still animating him, Veli steered the girl to the dance floor with sudden force that surprised her.

    ”Veli...”, she said, with a hint of concern in her eyes, and the young man softened his grip.

    ”I am sorry, Esteri”, he said, trying out his first steps with the young woman who seemed so absurdly light in his arms.

    After the two had danced for a while, Esteri glanced at Arvo and Emma, and then looked at Veli with a knowing look.

    ”They look very good, the both of them”, she said quietly, ”especially your brother”.

    ”Hmm”, Veli just grunted to the girl with the blue eyes and the straw-coloured hair.

    ”Maybe it's the uniform”, the young man then said, gloomily. He had understood that women tended to like men in uniform a lot.

    ”It's not just that”, Esteri said, and leaned her head closer to his chest. She smelled of summer flowers, and now a slight red tint had crept to her cheeks.

    And just then the waltz ended. Veli bowed his head to Esteri, quickly, and started looking for another opportunity to ask Emma to a dance. But now, both Emma and his brother had seemingly disappeared. Veli could not see them anywhere in the room.

    Feeling ever more irritated, he again wandered outside and decided to smoke a cigarette. A smooth August darkness was falling all around, and the moon and the stars were starting to come out in the sky. Arvo crushed the butt of his cigarette under his shoe and looked up to the sky, seeing the familiar shape of the Big Dipper up there. Suddenly, he heard muted sound to his right and unthinkingly wandered that way.

    Upon rounding the corner of the stable, he saw two people in the semi-darkness. A man and a woman, standing close to each other. And then he could see the couple kissing.

    It was Arvo and Emma, Veli realized with a shock.

    A heavy feeling of bitter jealousy washed over him.

    Hoping the two did not see him, Veli turned around and made a beeline towards the hayloft. He did not join the dance again, however, but instead rounded the corner again and soon stood face to face with an older man.

    ”Now, this surely looks like a man in need of a drink”, Rieti the boatman said to him, his face uncharacteristically earnest.

    ”You have no idea”, Veli said.

    He took the proffered bottle and drank deep.


    ...


    tanssit.jpg


    Young people dancing at the Pörsänmäki Youth Association House, Iisalmi, Upper Savonia, August 1939. Source: Finna.


    ...


    To Be Continued

     
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    Six: Arvo


  • Six: Arvo


    Lieutenant Arvo Vaara of the Häme Mounted Regiment took a deep breath, inhaling fresh August country air. It was full of the scents of high summer, and then already laced with an undertone of inevitable corruption and subtle hints of the fall.

    Arvo had taken Emma Kerman back to the dance in the hayloft and left her with the rest of the young people of the village. He thought Emma was a nice girl, she was literally the quintessential girl next door, and it had been a pleasure to see her again after several months of not visiting Hirvilahti. Emma was pretty and she had character. A few close dances and a bit of kissing - why not?

    But beyond that, though, Arvo was not really interested in the girl. He had a girlfriend in Lappeenranta as it was. And besides, he didn't have the time right now. At the moment the young man had a lot bigger fish to fry.

    He lit up a cigarette and started walking towards the farm's main building, the big two-storied farmhouse his father had bought in a slightly run-down condition, repaired and then enlarged over the years. By now, it was the biggest and finest house in the village, earning among many the moniker "the Vaara Manor"[1]. Salomo Vaara hated it when people called it that himself - he still fancied himself a small farmer, not as the lord of a manor, even though his holdings were by now some of the biggest in Hirvilahti and the nearby villages as well. The old man had used his information about which landowners were in debt or otherwise financially inconvenienced and done some good deals for farmland and forest over the years. The main part of the farm he had been able to buy for a song over 20 years ago, from the farm's drunkard heir who by now was living in a rented room in Kuopio, subsisting on odd jobs in between his repeated benders.

    Feeling animated both by the alcohol in his veins and his success with Emma, Arvo flicked the cigarette butt away and strode towards the main entrance, his boots hitting the front steps hard. Walking on, he soon arrived in the main hall. In the big room the like of which was the heart of most Finnish farmhouses, he then spotted his mother sitting in a corner with four other women, chatting. The ladies turned to look at him when he entered.

    "Good evening, ladies, Mother", he said with a carrying voice, and then realized it was probably a bit too loud. He was not taking cavalrymen out for a drill, now.

    "Ah, Arvo", his mother said, her face slightly red. She had by now partaken in a bit of punch herself.

    She turned towards the ladies.

    "My son Arvo, the lieutenant. Oh, but you met him already before."

    The women nodded in unison, and smiled to the young officer.

    "Your sons are so handsome, Mrs. Vaara", the oldest one of them said, "and so brisk and manly, too. You've done a good job raising them, you and your husband both."

    Alma Vaara beamed.

    "Oh, thank you, Mrs. Heikkinen", she told her and then turned her eyes towards her son.

    "Arvo, could you join us for a moment - the ladies would like to ask you something about life in the military..."

    Arvo smiled and then looked around.

    "Maybe later, Mother. Right now, I need to see Father. Where could I find him?"

    While the four ladies looked disappointed, Alma Vaara nodded towards the left.

    "He's in the library with the gentlemen."

    "Thank you, Mother", Arvo said, pulled himself up to attention and smiled and nodded to the five women.

    "Ladies."

    Only now, when he walked towards the library room, did Arvo start feeling apprehension about his business with his father tonight. Only now, was his bravery sapped a little. He could feel some cold sweat start rising to his forehead.

    Damn.

    The library room was one of the most recent additions to the big farmhouse. In the recent enlargement, Salomo Vaara had wanted to create for himself a slightly more public room than his personal office was, for leisure as well as for receiving guests - for occasions very much like this. That it should be, specifically, a library, was probably an attempt to boost the impression of himself as a man of letters, a self-taught intellectual as well as a successful small farmer and a primus motor of provincial cooperative banking. A true self-made man.

    A real man to look up to, the words of Heikkinen's speech still rang in Arvo's ears when he entered the room.

    Inside, four men sat around a table, surrounded by bookcases. Two of them were smoking cigars and all had cognac glasses in front of them. One more man sat in the corner, absentmindedly holding a glass and listening to the conversation.

    "...what you print in your so-called newspaper!", a thin man in his sixties was telling a lively-looking younger man, pointing his cigar at him.

    "I say, really! Like during the elections – pure drivel, utter vilification and calumny!"

    The younger man merely smiled and spread his hands.

    "If you are not happy with the editorial line of the Savon Sanomat, you can always send a letter to the editor. I promise that it will get published the very same day!", he said and winked.

    It appeared that some of the most influential guests were still left - the cream of the crop. The man seemingly riled up about the quality of the local press was Edvard Lyytinen - a school teacher and the long-time chairman of the Kuopio town council. A member of the National Coalition Party. And the younger man was Martti Suhonen, the director of the Savon Sanomat Press company, the strong man behind the ideologically Agrarian, growing local newspaper.

    In the farthest corner, the older, stout and balding man looked at the two men arguing and smiled a slightly inebriated smile. This was, Arvo knew, Gustaf Ignatius, the long-time governor of the Kuopio Province, a man who it was said was just due to retire from his post among the strange and crafty Savonians and leave Kuopio to return to his family home in the nation's capital.[2]

    Ignatius was the first to notice the man in the doorway.

    "Gentlemen, gentlemen", the old man said with a widening smile, "if you won't settle down, I will ask the lieutenant here for a military intervention - as my position still empowers me to do, should the situation otherwise prove untenable."

    Now all the others turned their eyes towards Arvo, too, including the man of the hour himself.

    Salomo Vaara leaned into the light and looked at his son.

    "Arvo. Good of you to join us. Take a seat and pour yourself a drink."

    Arvo was surprised about his fathers invitation to join the gentlemen in the library, and not in a bad way. Under ordinary circumstances, he might have even accepted the offer. Now, though… Now he had to follow his plan as long as he had the willpower left to go through with it.

    There’s no other way out.

    ”Good evening, gentlemen”, he said, trying out a smile, and then paused for a while.

    ”...And thank you for the offer, Father. But no thank you, not right now. Ahem…. If it’s alright, I’d like to speak to you.”

    Salomo Vaara looked at his son in silence.

    ”Of course. Go ahead.”

    Arvo looked around the room, to the men who had gone quiet.

    ”Alone. Please, Father.”

    A moment passed. And then Salomo Vaara stood up, slowly.

    ”Very well.”

    ”I am sorry, gentlemen. I’ll be back in a moment.”

    Arvo and Salomo left the room filled with cigar smoke and walked together to the older Vaara’s study. When in the room, the man with the steel-rimmed round spectacles sat down behind his big oaken desk and steepled his fingers.”

    ”All right son. Sit down.”

    Arvo took a seat in front of the desk. The room was uncomfortably silent, and the younger man could feel his heart pounding in his chest.

    ”So, you have been giving some thought to letting go of this military silliness and coming back home to look after the farm?”, the master of the Vaara household asked his oldest son, with a slight hint of hope in his eyes.

    Salomo Vaara had not at all liked that his son had embarked on a military career, and he had let Arvo know this. Quite vocally, and several times. In Salomo’s opinion, the place of his first-born son was here, learning to become his successor after the older Vaara could no longer look after his domain. After Veli had gone through his conversion to Social Democracy, Salomo had redoubled his efforts to make Arvo return home.

    To no avail.

    And now, now Salomo believed that the reason Arvo came to him now, the overriding reason he had to discuss with his father on the evening of his 50th birthday, even while the man had important visitors, was caused by him deciding on abandoning his dreams.

    Arvo shook his head.

    ”No, Father”, he said slowly, ”I am still holding on to my vow to serve and defend the Fatherland, and I am still committed to be a career military officer.”

    Arvo saw his father’s face shift to a harder countenance. The silence in the room was ominous.

    ”Father… I came to ask your help. I am very good at what I do, you know it. But being a military officer, and all it entails… It is very expensive. The uniforms, the gear, upholding my social position in Lappeenranta, and so on…. It costs a lot of money.”

    Salomo Vaara’s eyes narrowed.

    ”Surely the Finnish state is paying you, well, a salary, son?”

    ”Well, yes. But it is a pittance, a niggardly compensation for the work of men who would put their lives on the line for Finland to defend the nation against our enemies.”

    Arvo went silent for a while, and looked at his father who was regarding him with an icy stare.

    ”In fact, Father, due to all my expenses, I have already accumulated some debt, and I am finding it impossible to stay… afloat financially with these expenditures and this income.”

    Salomo Vaara’s eyes flashed in anger.

    ”So – reduce your expenditures! It’s basic household economy, boy!”

    Arvo felt like grinding his teeth together. A rage was starting to boil inside him.

    I can not. That is the problem. I must either get more money, to pay off my debts and continue to be able to pay my expenses… Or then I must give up my position as an officer in the Finnish Army. These are the only options.”

    ”Well then”, the old man said, ”it seems that the decision is made for you. Come back home.”

    Arvo felt like jumping up from the chair and shouting to his father. He barely restrained himself.

    ”No. Please, Father. I ask of you – help me to pay my debts so I can continue my career, for the good of the Fatherland, and to bring respect to the Vaara name, too. I am not a quitter and a coward.”

    Salomo Vaara’s stare was now drilling holes into his son, or that was how it felt like to the cavalry lieutenant.

    ”So, son. How much would you need?”

    In for a penny, in for a pound, Arvo Vaara thought. Too late to stop now.

    ”100 000 marks.”

    His father did a double-take and experienced as he was in financial matters, his eyes went wider.

    One hundred thousand? Jesus Christ, are you serious? That’s four years’ wages for a good professional logger!”

    ”It is just enough for me to pay off my debt and continue to pay my way through the next year.”

    Looking like a calculating automaton in human form, Salomo Vaara pulled a leather-bound ledger book out of a drawer, opened it and studied some figures for a while.

    He then looked up, with a measuring look on his face.

    ”One hundred thousand is way too much. I’ll give you fifty thousand - ”

    ”Father, that is not...”

    ”50 000, no more. That should be enough to settle your outstanding debts. And it is a loan, you understand. I expect you to pay it back to me – in five years’ time.”

    ”Father, I...”

    Salomo Vaara stood up from behind his big desk.

    ”Take it or leave it, Arvo. I am ready to do this much to preserve your precious military career. And to finance any unsavoury hobbies you might have, as well. Not many fathers would be ready to do that. I won’t even charge you interest. But that’s it. You won’t get one bit more. The rest is on you. ”

    The old man continued to drill holes into his son with his spectacled eyes.

    ”And should you choose to come back to join us in taking care of the farm, committed to continue my work here… Well, then I am ready to forget the loan entirely.”

    Lieutenant Arvo Vaara of the Häme Mounted Regiment sat frozen in the chair.

    Inside him, rage continued to boil, even with hotter flames than before. His father had made him an offer, an offer in the form of a threat with a bribe baked into it.

    Salomo Vaara was nothing if not a businessman.

    But then Arvo knew his father well enough to understand that this would be the final offer.

    There is no other option.

    Feeling like a high pressure steam engine missing a safety valve, a red hot machine ready to explode, Arvo Vaara looked at his father and stood up.

    ”...Alright.”

    ”What are you saying, Arvo?”

    ”Alright! I’ll take your offer.”

    Salomo Vaara nodded.

    ”I thought you would. I’ll draw up the papers.”

    Arvo did not understand.

    ”Papers? Why do we need...”

    Salomo Vaara looked at his son, with a poisonous glare in his eyes, and dipped his pen in to the ink pot.

    ”Of course we need papers. It is a real loan, son. In my eyes, and in the eyes of the law. After I finish writing it down, we’ll sign it….”

    The old man kept scribbling while he spoke. Arvo knew that he wrote with a neat, meticulous, very distinct hand.

    ”...And then we’ll ask the men in the library to witness it.”


    ...


    Notes:

    [1] Vaaran kartano.

    [2] Ignatius had been the provincial governor in Kuopio since August 1918. He has started his career as a civil servant already in the times of the Finnish Grand Duchy. During the Civil War he worked with the Finnish White government (the Svinhufvud Senate or the Vaasa Senate) and prior to leaving for Kuopio directed the effort of the courts that sentenced the Red prisoners in the postwar camps for treason. He also served as the minister of the interior in 1925-1926.
     
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    Seven: Sisko (and Arvo, and Veli)
  • Seven: Sisko (and Arvo, and Veli)

    Sisko Vaara was enjoying herself. Not only did she have the chance to see many people in Hirvilahti she had not seen in ages, she also got to dance with several local young men and catch up with her younger siblings. Jorma, 17, and Hilja, 18, were the two Vaara children that tended to be overshadowed these days by both the older triplets and little Erkki.

    Hilja was growing into the very image of her mother Alma, and not just in looks. She was by now very good in the various duties women on the farm needed to master, a competent assistant to her mother, and not just a mindless follower, either. One of these days, Sisko thought, Hilja will make a very good mistress of a farm.[1]

    Jorma, on the other hand, was like a shadow to Veli these days, working with his older brother and developing into a good farmer himself. And into an accomplished athlete as well. He was also a fair bit livelier than his brother, something of a joker, and Sisko thought that he was a good influence on his twin brother right now. Veli had always been a little too solemn and introverted for his own good, despite his social abilities he often appeared to cast himself into the role of a brooding loner.

    Connecting with other people was important, in Sisko's view. During her first years in the University of Helsinki, she had come to the conclusion that as a female student, she had to work a lot harder than the young men to have her abilities recognized. And then there was the point of being accepted socially – if you only concentrated on academic excellence, you'd soon be labelled a bore, a stick in the mud. So – Sisko made sure to take part in the extracurricular activities as well. She had chosen the Savonian Nation [2] as the main arena of her student activities, and by now she was a nation officer for the second year in a row. The nation events took a lot of her time, but she believed that she was also making good connections there for her future.

    ”Do you still miss Hirvilahti”, Vilho Ollikainen asked her, ”living in the big city with all those people?”[3]

    Sisko had just been dancing with Esteri's brother, a surprisingly tall young man with the same straw-coloured hair as the rest of the young Ollikainens. Vilho had gained even some more height since when she had last seen him.

    Sisko smiled to him.

    ”Of course I do! I have not grown out of being a Hirvilahti girl yet, Vilho. They say that you can take a girl out of Savonia, but you can't take Savonia out of a girl, after all.”

    And so say my Helsinkian friends at the university as well, she thought, remembering how much sneering comments she got about her Savonian dialect especially during her first year before she started to dial it down. She found it amazing how people in the capital liked to equate people with provincial dialects with simpletons, just like that.

    In the darkening night, the dance was starting to wound down. People were drifting off, again in ones, twos and small knots, most more or less sober but some also obviously drunk. Salomo Vaara had asked the village school's teacher to come help with keeping order. Now he was ”escorting” out some of the young men who had partaken too heavily in the moonshine. The man was an ardent nationalist and also, not exactly incidentally, a Civil Guards drill instructor. He appeared to have the situation under control.

    Right then, Sisko could hear a commotion outside. Surprised, he exited the building.

    After arriving to the yard, Sisko located the noise to a place a bit outside the immediate vicinity of the house. Apparently, two men were having some words with each other. Walking closer, with a few others in tow, Sisko finally could see who it was.

    Arvo and Veli.

    They had been shouting at each other for a while, both appearing enraged for some reason, and both also drunk. By the look of it, Veli was even more unsteady than his brother, and he slurred his words somewhat.

    ”...Better bugger off... off to where you came from 'efore I make you sorry you... you ever came back!”, Veli shouted to his twin brother and swayed towards him. His right hand made a fist.

    ”You know what, brother?”, Arvo answered, with some sneer in his voice, ”that's just what I will do! I can't wait getting back to goddamn civilization instead of this...”

    ”What are you doing? Stop it!”, Sisko shouted to his brothers with sudden force. Arvo turned towards her, but Veli did not appear to hear her voice. Instead, he stepped closer to his brother and swung his right fist at him, putting some force into it. With Sisko taking his attention, Arvo only barely managed to dodge Veli's drunken haymaker.

    ”So that's how it is, Veli?”, he asked and raised his fists as well.

    He stepped closer but, instead of trying to hit him, gave Veli a sudden, good shove, causing the more drunken brother to stumble back and then fall backwards to the grass, apparently more surprised than hurt.

    ”No!”, Sisko shouted again and took a few running steps, placing herself bodily between her brothers and only now capturing Veli's attention as well.

    ”Step aside... Sisko”, Veli said with some effort, looking enraged, trying to stand up. Sisko looked at him with blazing eyes.

    ”No, you're gonna stop this! And that goes for you too, Arvo!”, she said, pointing a finger towards the man in a military uniform.

    Arvo seemed to weigh the turn of the events in his mind, and then he apparently made a decision. Looking at Rieti, who had also joined the group of people wondering about the fracas, he took a step away from Sisko and Veli.

    ”Start the boat, Rieti. We're going to Kuopio right now.”

    ”But Mr Lieutenant...”, Rieti said, sounding less than enthusiastic about this turn of events.

    ”Right now, man! I'll pay you well”, Arvo retorted, digging a couple of banknotes out of his his pocket.

    Then he turned to Sisko and made an effort to look less angry and more sober.

    ”I really need to go anyway, I have to be at the barracks tomorrow night. Send the rest of my bags to Lappeenranta by train.”

    Sisko just glared at him, and now Veli had managed to finally stand up again.

    Right then, Sisko could hear a man' voice shout out in the direction of the yard.

    ”What the Devil is going on over there?”

    It was Salomo Vaara, who somehow had also heard the noise and argument all the way to the inside of the building.

    ”Great”, Arvo said, ”I am not having a conversation with him again tonight. Goodbye, Sisko. Veli”, he said and took off towards the pier.

    ”Are you all right?” Sisko asked Veli, who looked at him with slightly glazed eyes.

    ”I... I guess I am. Just... Just feeling light-headed.”

    No wonder, Sisko thought.

    Suddenly, Sisko also heard a child's voice next to him. Turning around, he realized Erkki had joined them.

    ”Sisko”, the boy of six asked, looking serious, with the toy badger under his arm.

    ”Erkki! You should be sleeping! What is it?”

    ”Will Veli have a headache and a sore stomach tomorrow?”

    You smart little boy, Sisko thought and held out his hand to hug Erkki.

    ”Yes, I think he will.”




    It took a few tries for Rieti to get the boat motor running, but thankfully he managed it before Salomo Vaara could reach the pier himself. Slowly, then, the boat started making distance to the Vaarala pier, floating further into the almost-darkness of the still Lake Kallavesi.

    ”This is dangerous business”, Rieti told Arvo, ”in my professional opinion, that is. Lake-faring by night. I hope I'm getting hazard pay for this, that's all I'm saying.”

    ”You'll get your damn money”, Arvo said, looking back at the Vaarala pier where a few people had gathered see the boat gather distance. It even looked like one of them would have been waving at him.

    ”The things we do for money”, Rieti mused, trying to acclimatize to the shifting near-darkness of the lake in front of them, illuminated only by the moon and the stars above.

    Arvo turned his eyes to him, sharply.

    ”...Say what, old man?”

    ”Leave the comfort of the home shore and blindly take off towards the unknown, for a measly few markkas” he said, and looked straight at the young soldier.

    Instead of the usual smile, this time his face looked mournful. He looked, in fact, older than his years, and the look on his wrinkled face made the young soldier feel icy fingers run along his spine.

    Right then in that moment, words failed Arvo Vaara.

    Later, during the war, Arvo sometimes looked back on that August night and wondered how things might have turned out if it had all happened differently. If his deal with his father had not gone down like it did. If he had parted from his siblings under happier stars.

    If he had stayed and told everyone the truth.

    After some time, the day and the night of his father's 50th birthday started to feel like something of a pivot in his life to Arvo Vaara, something around which many important things revolved.

    But then after the fact, you can't change such things. The decisions you make, the events that transpire... They become crystallized, the more immutable the more days go by.

    Eventually, they turn into history.


    ...

    2009

    The young woman walked through the big, abandoned house. There were piles of books and papers everywhere, on the floor and on the furniture. Everything was covered with a thick layer of dust. It had been a long time since anyone had been here. Some months since, the house's last occupant had left, old and tired, been taken to a hospital to never return back home.

    Alone in the gloom, the young woman looked around, to see what was left behind by the house's last owner who had lived like a hermit here for many years. She leaned into the big desk and opened up the heavy drapes covering the window, sending dust flying into the air.

    On the desk was an old black-and-white photo in wooden frames. The woman wiped some dust from it, to see two young men and a young woman, standing together, smiling a little hesitantly to the camera. One of the men was in an old-fashioned military uniform, like something from out of the 19th century, and the woman had a white cap on her head. Two of the people had been marked with little crosses, like people used to do, to denote those who had passed away.

    As if we all wouldn't die at some point anyway, the woman thought.

    Behind the frame only a few words were written.

    'S.V. 50, Vaarala, elokuu 1939.'

    The young woman had no idea who the people in the picture were, and what the text on the frame meant.

    But she intended to find out. That was why she was here.

    Stil holding on to the picture frame, she walked out to her car, sat down in the driver's seat, lit up a cigarette and turned on the radio.

    What she got was some passable mainstream rock, from a local commercial station.


    Finnish rock, she realized when she identified the band.

    Despite herself, the woman smiled.


    ...



    Notes:

    [1] The Finnish term is emäntä. It is difficult to directly translate it into English.

    [2] One of the biggest student nations in the University of Helsinki, the Savolainen Osakunta was founded in 1905 when it split off from the older Savo-Karjalainen Osakunta (Savonian-Karelian Nation).

    [3] Kaepootko sinä viellä Hirvilahtee siellä isolla kirkolla assuissas, kaekkiin niitten immeisten kanssa?


    To Be Continued
     
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    Eight: The Last Summer in Kultaranta


  • Eight: The Last Summer in Kultaranta



    In just one night

    The forest behind the lake

    Flashed into yellow fire

    Now the evening star's fiery sword

    Cuts and slashes the dark waters

    My heart shudders

    And reaches out for a summer

    One never to return


    Mika Waltari: Tuuli pohjoinen – Runoja (”A Northern Wind – Poems”), 1965.


    That President Kallio had health problems was not news to the Finnish people. The president had suffered a stroke in January 1939, and only in early July had the president's office given out a statement that Kallio had not yet fully recovered from the ordeal. All through the summer, Kallio's health was closely monitored by his private physician. The president had spent much of the summer convalescing in Mänttä, and had only in late July decided to travel to to the official summer residence in Naantali. In retrospect, it appears this was too early. In his memoirs Kalle Westerlund, the president's head chauffeur, recounts how one day he had to bodily carry the old man from the sauna back to the main Kultaranta villa as Kallio's strength had failed him in the heat.

    A local doctor in Naantali had been reached to attend the president after his collapse on the town pier. The president was alive but unconscious. There was a nasty cut on his head. It was decided that calling an ambulance would take too much time. Thus, it was again the trusty Westerlund who was called upon to help Kallio. In the presence of the worried-looking young doctor and with the help of two plain-clothed State Police officers present, the bear-like former Olympic medalist [1] lifted the president into the back seat of the 1938 Buick Special 8 and then took him post-haste into the Provincial Hospital in nearby Turku where better care could be organized.

    The news about the president's accident were broadcast to the Finnish people on the Yleisradio on August 3rd, and the story made it into the evening editions of the capital papers as well. The reaction was a subdued-kind of a shock: nobody really was surprised about what had happened, but what with other recent negative news items, Kallio's stroke had a sobering effect on a nation on its summer holidays.

    Upon the incapacitation of the President of the Republic, his duties fell on the shoulders of the Prime Minister. This was nothing new for Cajander who in practice had had to handle a lot of the president's duties and official appearances during the first half of the year. What the Prime Minister now lost, however, was even the possibility of getting the president's opinion and counsel on things where they would have been needed.

    By the third day of Kallio's continued incapacitation he was moved to the Helsinki University Hospital, flown from Turku to Helsinki on AERO Oy's Junkers Ju 52 passenger aircraft chartered for the occasion. As the AERO pilot Väinö Bremer landed the plane at Helsinki's new Malmi airport, opened only the previous year, several thousand concerned Helsinkians had come to see the still unconscious president and his serious but determined wife return to the Finnish capital. Kaisa Kallio was visibly moved by the spontaneous display of loyalty to his husband.

    On the day before the Finnish president returned to the capital, never to spend another summer in the Kultaranta villa again, the Finnish Foreign Minister Eljas Erkko was approached by the Soviet diplomat Pavel Orlov, then working for the Scandinavian Section of the Soviet Foreign Ministry, concerning ”matters of mutual interest”. When Erkko then received Orlov, he learned that what the Soviets wanted was a rekindling of the discussions about territorial reorganization between Finland and the USSR – or that was at least how the Soviet side would phrase it. In the discussions that followed, Orlov would rehash the spring's suggestions about Finland giving Russia areas on the Karelian Isthmus, as well as several islands on the Gulf of Finland. The ideas about joint fortification of the Åland Islands, as well as leasing the USSR a part of the Hanko Peninsula for military use were floated again. On the same day as Orlov first met Erkko, on August 5th, J.K. Paasikivi, the Finnish ambassador in Stockholm, met Alexandra Kollontai, his Soviet counterpart, at a diplomatic reception in the Swedish capital. Kollontai hinted to Paasikivi that Finland should take Orlov's message seriously – it was, according to her, drawn up at the highest level of Soviet officialdom, and Orlov thus should be seen as a messenger directly from the Kremlin.

    Historians tend to disagree as to how much Kallio's incapacitation and its fallout in the Finnish political system had an effect on hastening the Soviets reaching out to Helsinki with their demands this time. The Swedish historian Per Nyström, an authority on the Finnish Social Democratic politicians of the Second World War period, argues in his article about Väinö Tanner's work in the Finnish wartime cabinets [2] that Kallio's condition most likely did not have an effect on the Soviet timing at all, but then on the other hand in the recent Finnish historiography it has been suggested that Stalin considered Kallio's combined stroke and accident as a suitable opening to again put the squeeze on Helsinki. This suggestion often includes the corollary that, as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Agreement between the USSR and Hitler's Germany was being finalized at the same time, it is possible that Moscow saw these Finnish developments as an opening where concessions by Finland could be made into a fait accompli by the time the agreement would be ultimately signed, giving the USSR a head start into taking control of its Baltic sphere of influence.[3]

    What ever the truth about the matter is (and only the possibility to delve liberally into Soviet archives would give us the chance to say something definitive about it), it has to be noted that the issue is quite minor in comparison to other developments in August 1939. Generally speaking, the Finnish president's unfortunate condition and the newfound Soviet interest into Finnish territory had an immediate effect on the Finnish cabinet and the national military leadership. What extant information we have about the cabinet and Defence Council meetings over the following weekend allows us to understand that the Finnish leaders saw Kallio's condition and the new Soviet proposal as a significant weakening of Finland's foreign political position in European conditions where such a development was more unwanted than on ordinary days. C.G. Mannerheim had been recently embroiled in discussions with the politicians over funding the military, having suggested acquiring a sizable loan from the United States to buy the Finnish Army new, modern equipment as soon as possible, and he felt that any weakening of the Finnish position towards the USSR would make it more unlikely that such a loan could be organized.

    Most topically, what the changed situation reflected into were the major Finnish war games just starting in the Viipuri area in southern Karelia in the following days. Similar military exercises on the Karelian Isthmus were by 1939 a tradition that had been upheld through the interwar years. The Isthmus was seen as the most likely location for a major attack against Finland from the east, and thus defence of the area was a main feature of Finnish pre-WWII strategic planning. In the summer of 1939, the increasingly volatile situation in Europe had prompted the Finns also to increase fortification efforts on the Isthmus; in a significant show of patriotism, many bunkers and trenches had been build over the summer months even by young, unpaid volunteers from different parts of the country.

    In the August 1939 exercise, due to involve over 20 000 men from different infantry, artillery and cavalry units, as well as from the air force and the navy, the scenario included an incursion by a ”yellow” invading force attacking from the southeast, pushing back the ”white” defender's screening forces to the eastern side of Viipuri before being stopped there. After the concentration of the main ”white” forces to the northwest of Viipuri would be completed, a general ”white” counterattack to push back the ”yellow” forces would then follow. The ”white” forces would be led by Major General Hanell and the ”yellow” forces by Lieutenant General Laatikainen. The corps commander, Lieutenant General Öhquist, would act as a referee, a role for which the meticulous, pedantic officer was well-suited. The exercise would then be wrapped up by a major military parade in Viipuri.

    These war games, that were due to become the biggest of their kind in 1930s Finland, would be a show of force and independent defensive capability by the Finnish military, and they would be attended by several significant foreign guests. This included the Swedish Defence Minister Per Sköld, the Danish military's C-in-C, General William Prior, the Swedish generals Erik Testrup and Ernst Linder [4], as well as a number of foreign defence attachés. From the Finnish side, Field Marshal Mannerheim was due to attend the exercise in its entirety, as would the minister of defence, Niukkanen, and the minister of the interior, Kekkonen, along with with the commander of the Civil Guards, General Malmberg. General Walden, Mannerheim's right-hand man in the Defence Council would be there, and a number of Finnish members of parliament as well.

    Now, to boost the message this display of Finnish will and ability for defence, and of national unity, a number of last-minute changes to the war games were agreed upon. On the political side, Prime Minister Cajander, now de facto Acting President, would also join the exercise for the whole duration, in the company of Mannerheim, Niukkanen and Kekkonen, instead of attending only the closing ceremonies and official reception in Viipuri. On the military side, also the scope of the exercise was inflated: more troops were ordered into readiness across the nation, a part of the Coastal Fleet was ordered to sail to Viipuri to show the flag [5], and, finally, a number of new live-fire exercises was set up for the infantry and the artillery, as well as two more exercises involving the Air Force's new Blenheim bombers. As a result of these last minute changes agreed upon by the military leadership and put into motion just a couple of days before the main part of the war games was due to start [6], several Finnish military garrisons and the immediate Viipuri area would be at the end of the first week of August veritable ant hills of frantic activity.

    All in all, the Finnish leadership's approach to the war games was thus ”striking the iron when it is hot” and capitalizing on an event that had the potential take attention away from Kallio's stroke and the renewed Soviet demands, internally and externally, and also bolster Finland's position in Moscow's and Stockholm's eyes, not to mention those of other foreign powers. There were voices of dissent towards this approach, too. In Stockholm, J.K. Paasikivi disagreed with the decisions that had been made, and in his diary calls the enlargement of the war games ”inconsiderate and rash action, bordering on foolish warmongering”. The future would show whether the experienced diplomat was right in his assessment.


    ...


    Notes:

    [1] Karl Mauritz ”Kalle” Westerlund was an accomplished wrestler, and had achieved Olympic bronze in Greco-Roman wrestling in the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris. Westerlund served as the head chauffeur for all the presidents of the Finnish First Republic.

    [2] See Nyström's article ”Väinö Tanner: The Last Man Standing” in the Foreign History Quarterly, 2/1987.

    [3] One example to mention here is Juuso Kiveliö's recent book on the decisions of the Finnish pre-war governments, Ojasta allikkoon: Cajanderin hallitus ja elokuun kriisi uudessa tarkastelussa. (”Out of the Frying Pan and Into the Fire: A new look into the Cajander cabinet and the August Crisis”).

    [4] Linder was well-known in Finland for volunteering to fight on the White side in the Finnish Civil War in 1918 and acting as one of Mannerheim's closest subordinates during the crucial first years of the creation of the independent Finnish military. Incidentally, Linder was also an accomplished Olympic athlete, being the gold medalist in individual dressage with his horse Piccolomino in the 1924 Olympics.

    [5] This included both the sail training ship Suomen Joutsen and the armored coastal ship Ilmarinen, which on the morning of August 6th left the Katajanokka military harbor in Helsinki, both determined to beat the other to Viipuri. The diesel-electric Ilmarinen quite expectedly won this impromptu race, but the Suomen Joutsen managed to put up a surprisingly good effort well until outside Kotka when it ran out of favorable winds.

    [6] The man ultimately in charge of the practical organization of the war games was Lieutenant General Hugo Österman, the Commander of the Military Forces (Sotaväen päällikkö).

    ...

    To Be Continued

     
    Last edited:
    Nine: September 2009


  • Nine: September 2009



    Larry,

    By the time you get this, I've already left for Europe. You said what you said, but I don't care. I have to do this, and I have to do this right now. It's about who I am – who I want to be.

    I don't expect you to understand.

    - Nora


    As the airplane descended to below the grey clouds, the young woman could see the city below. A number of modern gleaming high-rises jutting out from among older, uniformly low buildings. The city centre stood on a head of land reaching out to the dark Baltic Sea, its yellows and neons shining now to the right of the plane to add spots of light to the darkening autumn evening.

    The plane taxied towards the passenger terminal of the international airport and the passengers started preparing to embark, turning on their mobile phones, those most afraid of flying starting to slowly feel a relief washing over them, having made it through another journey up in the air. Next to the modern American passenger jet, the old terminal building looked like a 1970s vision of future in the eyes of the young woman – blocky grey concrete structures painted with cubistic bright orange decorations and numbers in a retrofuturistic lettering style. When it was built, it must have looked like the space age come real. Now it just looked anachronistic, with the crumbling concrete and the peeling paint.

    HELSINKI-SEUTULA, the big orange text on the wall of the terminal proclaimed to the woman clutching her mauve carry-on bag and walking across the wet tarmac while drops of cold water landed on her dark hair. Behind the old terminal, she could see a new, bigger one being built.

    The woman waited to reclaim her meagre luggage at the Arrivals hall, still shivering due to the cold outside. She wasn't used to it, and now it had kind of stuck on her.

    Is this how it feels like to be Finnish?, the woman thought to herself.

    HELSINKI - THE NEW HUB IN THE NORTH, said a poster on the wall showing a Boeing 450 passenger jet in the jagged blue-white Finn-Aero livery soaring up to a sky colored by the northern lights while a group of three reindeer looked at it go. YOUR CONNECTION TO THE FAR EAST.

    Navigating through a throng of Japanese businessmen and past an American tourist family arguing over a spread-out map of the Finnish capital area, the woman made her way to the exit.

    Hotel Barrière please”, she said to the taxi driver, a balding man with a bushy mustache, who only grunted in the affirmative and steered his mud-splattered early 90s model Peugeot Marechal towards the southbound traffic artery taking it to the city centre.

    The driver snapped on the car radio, and then hummed along the slow, melancholy piece of music playing on it, while the young dark-haired woman looked out to the darkening autumn evening, the lights hanging over the streets swinging in the wind, the headlights of the buses, taxis and trucks piercing the cold rain.

    The woman raised her head, stared out to the rain and looked at the driver through the mirror.

    What's this song about?”, she asked.

    Sorry?”

    The song”, the woman asked, nodding towards the radio, ”what is it.. about?”

    The driver thought about it for a while. Then he looked at her through the rear view mirror and smiled.

    Life.”

    "...Right."


    The woman dug a number of crumbled papers from her pocket, straightened them out on her lap.

    SUOMEN KANSALLINEN ARKISTOJÄRJESTELMÄ [1], the one on top said.

    The wartime documents are stored predominately in the Archival System's Leppävaara Unit. This includes the materials recorded by both the civilian and military authorities beginning from September 1939 and ending at...”

    The woman used a pencil to underline relevant parts.

    ”...To reserve a research station at the Leppävaara Unit, complete a VL101 reservation form at the Archival System Main Office...Documents must be ordered by noon at the latest for them to be delivered to the pre-reserved research station during the same day...The documents are organized into several categories determining availability and required..."

    You in Finland... on business?”

    What's it to you, cabbie?, the woman thought, irritated to be distracted from her work, but then answered him all the same.

    No, I am here to... To find my roots.”

    The man looked at her without understanding for a while. But then he smiled again.

    Your family... Finnish? Finnish people... Vahvoja.”

    The woman shook her head, not understanding the word.

    The man raised his right hand and made a fist.

    What is word … Strong.”

    Right then, the car was suddenly filled with flashing lights and the sound of sirens. Two large emergency vehicles in black and blue arrived from nowhere, overtaking the taxi and passing at speed. They came very close to hitting it.

    Saatanan kytät![2]”, the driver yelled, and the taxi suddenly swerved to the right.

    The woman tried to hold on to her seat as the car careened off the road, then came to a violent stop.

    Everything went quiet.

    After a short while, the woman opened her eyes and fumbled to open her seat belt. With some effort, she got the door open and clambered out of the car.

    It was silent by the side of the road. The traffic had died down, and even the rain had ended.

    The dark-haired woman knocked on the driver's window, to see the cabbie nodding at her. Together, the two opened the door, and the woman helped the driver out of the car.

    The heavy-set man looked shaken and there was a bloody bruise on his forehead. He looked at the woman and winced. Then a sheepish smile spread onto this face and he gently patted her arm.

    What did I say? Strong.”

    The 'TAKSI' light on the roof of the cab flickered to life for a moment, and then went dark. The man sighed.


    What now?”, the woman asked.

    The man looked at the damaged car and shrugged.

    ”We find phone, I call... tow truck. This is Finland – nothing works but everything can be arranged.”

    The man lit up a cigarette and offered one to the woman as well.

    The first drag she took felt, somehow, better than it had in ages.


    Together, the young woman and the middle-aged man started walking towards the south.


    ...


    I'll travel so far that I'll forget your smile

    When the uninvited guests arrived again

    And when that was only true

    Which is not said aloud



    ...


    Notes:

    [1] THE FINNISH NATIONAL ARCHIVAL SYSTEM

    [2] Fucking cops!


    To Be Continued

     
    Last edited:
    Ten: Veli, Sisko and Arvo

  • Ten: Veli, Sisko and Arvo



    Veli

    The August day had started out a little overcast, but by ten in the morning the sun was again shining brightly from between the slowly parting clouds.

    It was as good a time as any for mending fences, Veli Vaara thought. Sure, his mouth was dry and tasted like something had crawled in and died in it, his head felt like if a horse had kicked it. Even standing still, the young man felt wobbly as waves of nausea washed over him.

    But then, the work at hand took him away from the farm and out of the sight of his parents. In other words, today it was a definite improvement over staying at the farmhouse.

    Jussi, one of Vaarala's farmhands, pulled the reins and stopped the van drawn by Rusko the horse. He looked at Veli with a measure of compassion.

    ”Hang in there”, he said, climbing down from the driver's perch.

    ”I've found it good myself to drink a lot of water, and keep myself occupied. When you can't go with the hair of the dog that bit you that is. Working helps for most things. Having something to do, and keeping your mind off it, that's the ticket.”

    Veli looked at the older man and nodded feebly.

    ”If you say so.”

    ”I do. It's not my first time taking the vicar to the vicarage, as it were, when it comes to spirits. Now, be a good man and help me with the fence poles.”

    Veli nodded and took a couple of unsteady steps towards the van. He felt that even Rusko looked at him compassionately.

    Horses are wise beasts that way.

    Veli's father had woken him up early and given him a stern scolding, like to a school boy. He didn't raise his voice. That usually wasn't his style. Salomo Vaara could hurt you with the choice of words, he didn't need to intimidate his children with being loud.

    This time, the old man had seen that Veli was feeling highly resentful as it was, and thus he cut his talking-to short this time.

    ”You embarrassed yourself. You embarrassed me in the eyes of a few very important people. It was stupid, it was unbecoming of you as my son and as a member of this household. What with your brother deciding to continue playing soldier, though”, Salomo Vaara said, ”it looks like I am stuck with you...”

    He removed his round classes and put them on his oaken desk.

    ”...And because of that, I am not having you turn into a bloody drunkard. That is the kind of thing that can ruin even bigger houses than ours. I am keeping my eye on you, boy - keep your hands off hard liquer from now on. I am being dead serious. Don't disappoint me again, Veli.”

    Salomo Vaara was due to leave on one of his bank-inspecting tours on the eastern side of Kuopio just that day, and Veli wondered if he had already taken off while he and Jussi had been going over the fences by the far meadow. After Father gone, he would only have Mother to deal with. And with her, it was more likely the silent treatment than poisonous words. That still hurt, but it was not as bad.

    ”Cheer up, Veli”, Jussi said, sizing up the new fence poles in comparison to the the state of the old, decaying fence that looked ready to crumble any time, ”we all need to make our mistakes some time. All men make them. It is what we learn of them that proves a man's measure.”


    ….


    Sisko

    ”I hope you could stay for a few days more”, Alma told her daughter who was packing up her things.

    Sisko looked at her mother and smiled.

    ”Me too, Mother. But my professor wants me back in Helsinki, like all the other students. The new study year starts early this time, I need to be there in time...”

    That wasn't strictly true. What Sisko wasn't telling her mother was that her early departure was more to do with Savonian Nation events than actual study issues. But then she thought that it was all equally important for her future, sor it was really just a white lie to the older woman who did not understand studying at the University of Helsinki like her daughter did.

    ”I'm taking Arvo's remaining luggage to town with me, too, to send them to Lappeenranta on the evening train...”

    Alma and Salomo Vaara had had some words about the events of the previous night, Sisko knew, before the bank inspector again took off in a boat, wearing his three-piece suit and clutching a fat attache case. Alma Vaara was still upset about it all. She was more quiet than usual, and Sisko felt sorry for her. The birthday party had gone off without a hitch. It should have been a feather in the cap for the mistress of the household. But now, after the drunken brawl of the twins in the night, Salomo Vaara had unloaded some of his anger and resentment on his wife before again leaving her to hold down the fort.

    ”I am sure Father did not really mean some of the things he said to you... He was just angry and told you things he is regretting right now...”, Sisko said to her mother quietly.

    Alma Vaara looked at her daughter and university student mournfully.

    ”Oh, Sisko, dear girl...”, she said, lowering her head, ”your father always means what he says. For better or for worse. He is an uncomplicated man that way. It is better if you learn, truly take that to heart at this point. It'll make it easier to understand him in the future.”

    Sisko felt an anger rising inside her.

    ”You should stand up to him more, Mother”, she said, her eyes flashing.

    ”He can't keep treating you the way he does.”

    Her mother just looked at her in silence and then left the room.





    Arvo

    When Arvo Vaara woke up, he saw a man in a uniform smiling at him with an annoying look on his face.

    ”Good morning, lieutenant! Your train is waiting for you”, the State Railways porter told him cheerfully, standing up to attention and making an exaggarated salute in the Prussian fashion.

    ”...Right”, the man on the wooden bench said, confused and irritated, and feeling slightly nauseous, and stood up. He tried to smooth his crumbled uniform and gathered what belongings he had.

    The express train with its wheezing steam locomotive stood on the nearby track. Even from the outside, Lieutenant Arvo Vaara could see that it was packed to the gills, even if it had more carriages than the morning train would usually have.

    Arvo's back was stiff from sleeping on the bench. When he got as far as central Kuopio, it had been the wee hours of the morning and he had decided that getting a room at the railway station's hotel would have been too late anyway. So, he had made his way to the train platform and sat down on the bench for the few remaining hours.

    At some point he had fallen asleep.

    The events of the previous night went through Arvo's mind as he climbed the steps to the train and started looking at a free seat. It wasn't easy. Arvo felt bad now for how he had treated his brother. Later, he would need to apologize to Veli. But then it would have to be in person, and there would be some time before that would be possible. Maybe he could write a letter?

    The cavalry officer stumbled through a couple of third class carriages of mostly civilian travellers, men, women and children with their luggage in various forms, waiting for the train leave Kuopio for the south. In one of the carriages, the people were singing a popular song to pass the time. It cheered Arvo some, too, to look at a trio of young girls passionately and earnestly singing along with an older man who he thought was probably their father or uncle.

    The third carriage Arvo entered, without yet finding a seat, was full of men in uniform – men in military grey on simple wooden benches, with their personal gear, chatting and smoking. Most were ordinary servicemen and non-commissioned officers, and there was an audible pause in the sounds of the carriage when he stepped in.

    ”Full house”, a man on his left said triumphantly. It was an artillery sergeant with a meaty face.

    ”Oh, fuck you Karvonen”, the man next to him retorted.

    ”You've the luck of the devil today. You'll have us all skinned before Pieksämäki at this rate!”

    Arvo Vaara looked at the four men playing cards, using a fat suitcase as a makeshift table, and saw that there was a free seat next to them.

    Keep moving, a voice at the back of his head told him. It's a bad idea.

    Arvo Vaara felt his pocket with his right hand, to feel the bank notes there. He could sense the familiar heat inside animating him.

    He silenced the objecting voice.

    ”Say fellows”, he said to the four soldiers, ”is this seat taken? I'd be happy if I can join the game".

    The artillery sergeant turned towards him, and seeing his uniform and rank tabs, looked sceptical.

    ”I don't know, lieutenant, it's sort of a private game”, he retorted, glancing at the three others as he said so.

    Lieutenant Arvo Vaara of the Häme Mounted Regiment pulled up a handful of notes from his pocket and smiled.

    ”Don't worry, I'm good for it.”

    The artillery sergeant's previously sour face turned into a greasy smile.

    ”Well, that changes things. Go on, sit down, lieutenant. Welcome to the casino.”


    ….


    September 2009

    The young woman stumbled out of the taxi and looked at the gleaming high-rise shape of the hotel in front of her. The huge neon sign of the Barrière Group dominated the view. It was a casino hotel owned by the well-known French company. The woman was not the gambling type, not really. She had been to Vegas only once, and she had not really warmed up to it. The main reason she had decided to book a room at the Barrière Helsinki was that the hotel was so conveniently located for her plans. It stood in the part of town the locals called Pasila, a district dominated by new skyscrapers, and right next to it was the massive old concrete box that was the Helsinki Main Railway Station, the terminus of the Finnish railway system. From here, the woman had planned, she could comfortably take a local or regional train to most parts of the capital area.

    The woman thanked the second Finnish cab driver of the day, a younger man with a goatee, who let her off without paying anything as a sort of a compensation for her ending up in an accident with the previous driver, and gathered her luggage. The taxi took off, with the driver turning up the radio to start blasting a piece of new Finnish music with a slightly Slavic feel to it. As soon as the taxi had left, the woman heard the voice of two more emergency vehicles passing at some distance.

    Night life in the big city, she thought with a slight smile.

    It was quiet in the opulent foyer of the hotel. The woman walked to the desk to come to face to face with a tall blonde woman in a tight dark blue uniform.

    ”Welcome to Hotel Barrière Helsinki! How can I help you?”

    The woman told her name and showed her passport to prove her reservation and get her room. While the clerk was filling some paperwork, a man in a similar but more handsome uniform emerged from the room in the back. He had a metal key symbol on his breast pocket.

    This must be the...What is it now? The conscierge?, the woman thought.

    ”Welcome to Hotel Barrière!”, the man with a slicked back hair said, viewed the screen and read off her name for effect.

    ”My name is Viljanen and I am here to help you anyway I can. We have a very nice bar and restaurant at the hotel, and there is of course our world-famous casino hall with various tables and slot machines. A helpful hint for you, Miss, if you don't mind, given that you are apparently new to Helsinki: there has been some disturbances in the city centre today, so I would not advice leaving the hotel tonight. The authorities are addressing the matter right now.”

    The woman was perplexed.

    ”Disturbances?”

    The man frowned.

    ”There was a VKP rally in Hakaniemi tonight that turned into something of a riot. Nothing too out of the ordinary these days, but there's still a bit of chaos in the eastern city centre. So – I'd say it is better to stay in the hotel tonight, if at all possible. There's some live music in the bar, and if you want to try your hand in gambling, let me remind you that as a valued guest in a Premium Suite you are eligible to free comp chips to the casino. Would you like to take your chips along now?”, the man said and plastered a stock smile onto his face.

    ”No thank you”, the woman answered, ”I'll be going to my room as soon as possible, thank you very much. I'm hella tired right now.”

    ”Very well, Miss. Would you like some help with your luggage?”

    The dark-haired woman looked at her small mauve bag and then turned her eyes back towards Viljanen.

    ”No thank you, I'll manage.”

    ”As you wish."

    The woman wasn't really accustomed to living in expensive hotels. In fact she wasn't really accustomed to being rich either. But then she had to get used to it now, she guessed.

    The money ain't gonna spend itself, Aunt Donna would have argued.

    She took the elevator to the fifteenth floor and then, reaching her room, flopped down on the bed.

    She looked out of the window, seeing central Helsinki, the capital of the Finnish Republic, spreading out below her.

    Once here, though, she suddenly didn't feel as tired as she did the moment before. Suddenly, now, she felt like a drink was more what she needed right now. And not one from a minibar, but one served by an actual bartender.

    After retouching her makeup a bit and having a slight change of clothes, she exited the room. Even on a quiet night like this, she fully expected someone to come and try to pick her up, sitting alone in the bar. Right now, though, she decided that unless it was some total jerk, she would not even mind it. What with the flight and what with the accident in a foreign country, she was feeling kind of funny, kind of unreal right now.

    The woman reached the foyer and took off across it towards the bar, hearing someone playing an acoustic guitar, when the blonde from the desk called at her.

    ”Miss – there's someone here for you”, she said, looking somewhat concerned, and pointed a finger to her right.

    What the hell?

    Needing to slow down her stride towards the sound of the guitar, she looked into the direction indicated and immediately noticed a man in a suit and a dark overcoat standing there. He was in his thirties, with buzz-cut hair and a sort of military countenance. As she stopped, the man took a few steps towards her and nodded.

    ”Miss Nora Farrah?”, he asked in accented English.

    The woman nodded, not knowing what to expect.

    ”Yes.”

    ”Thank God I caught you”, the man said and put his right hand into his suit's breast pocket.



    ….


    transport.jpg


    In transport. Young Civil Guardsmen and members of the Lotta Svärd in a Finnish State Railways carriage. Source: Finna.
    ....


    To Be Continued.
     
    Last edited:
    Eleven: Urho
  • olympia.jpg


    "An Olympic nightmare. Views of central Helsinki in the next summer". The cartoonist Arvo Tigerstedt imagines the traffic in the Finnish capital during the upcoming 1940 Olympic Games.

    Published in the Helsingin Sanomat, Sunday, August 6th, 1939.​




    Eleven: Urho


    The man looked at his desktop, with a pile of memos cluttering his inbox. Work tended to pile up when you travel abroad, he knew. He was kind of itching to get to work, to get the backlog under control, but then he did not have the time for that right now.

    Just a few days ago, Urho Kekkonen had returned from Stockholm where he had attended the track and field match between Sweden and Finland. The games themselves had been a resounding success, which Kekkonen as the chairman of the Finnish Olympic Committee had been happy to tell to domestic and foreign journalists. While the athletes and officials of the Finnish national team had returned home on a Finnish Steamship Company passenger vessel, Kekkonen himself had taken an airplane home. As the Minister of the Interior, he did not have the luxury right now for a cruise in the summery Turku archipelago, much as he woud have enjoyed to spend some time with the finest young athletes Finland had to offer. Not only was Kekkonen a sporting man to his core [1], he also had an eye for female beauty. Nowhere was the wholesome ideal of classic beauty and fitness represented as well as among young female athletes, the man had always thought.

    Even while Finland's sports victories had continued over the week in the international competition held on the new swim stadium in Helsinki, and even while the Finnish press was full of hype about the upcoming 1940 Olympics, Kekkonen felt sort of gloomy today. First of all, this was to do with the condition of President Kallio. It had been several days now since Kallio's accident, and the president of the Republic showed no signs of recovering from his condition. He was continually unconscious, and as far as the Minister of the Interior knew, some of the doctors attending Kallio were starting to call it a coma.

    The conclusion was clear: the president was unable to prosecute his duties, and very soon now, the Finnish parliament would have to convene to elect a new president for Finland. The thing was, though, that it was still the holiday season, the very height of it in fact. Most parliamentarians were spending time at home all around Finland. Rounding them up prematurely would be something of a hassle. Another thing were the bloody wargames starting in and around Viipuri – most of the highest political and military leadership were due to attend, and thus as long as the exercises were ongoing, nothing of importance would happen in the capital, not anything the parliament and cabinet would take part in.

    Kekkonen was already thinking about who the new president would be. The National Coalition Party would put up P.E. Svinhufvud, predictably, and he would also have some support – despite the far right having turned against him in the 30s. But then ”Ukko-Pekka” was already pushing 80. Did Finland really need another sick old man at the helm, in times like these? What had happened to Kallio was a warning, the bald man in his late 30s thought. It looked like things were turning rough in Europe. What the nation needed was someone with strength and youthful vigor. The job at hand required someone who had not yet passed his sell-by date.

    Unfortunately, that someone would not be Urho Kaleva Kekkonen. The minister was not a stupid man, and he understood that his in the end failed quest to abolish the Patriotic People's Movement had soured the right wing towards him. Hope as he might, Kekkonen was a too divisive figure right now.

    The man who seemed nearly predestined to become the next leader of Finland was Risto Ryti. A man on the rise, the central banker representing the Progress Party had support across party lines, he was seen as someone who could unify the country. Nobody hated him, and he was acceptable to the bourgeois parties as well as the Social Democrats. Kekkonen could in fact already see how the presidential election in the parliament would pan out: the SDP and Agrarians would put up people like Tanner and Kalliokoski to represent their parties pro forma, Svinhufvud would get some early support for the NCP, but eventually Ryti would win by a landslide.

    The change of president would mean a government reshuffle, too. And while Kekkonen hoped he could keep his post with his party's support, he was not at all sure about that, either. Maybe he was too divisive even for that. He liked to hope that he was needed, but then he knew the saying about graveyards and indispensable men. Despite his own views on what Finland needed, and despite his obvious intelligence and capability, Kekkonen was an eminently replaceable man right now.

    The bald man glanced out of the window, to see the tree-lined street running outside the ministry's buildings. A young woman in a light summer dress passed by, a slight breeze playing with the fabric. The bald man's mind wandered. A rather convoluted train of thought made him in the end think about haylofts, pastures and farming, and then he remembered that he would have to call his wife about when he was coming to Karelia. The Kekkonens had bought a farm near Viipuri just the previous year, and now Sylvi had been there to oversee some renovations while her husband was attending to affairs of state even if he should have been on his holiday. Kekkonen was going to attend the wargames as well, and he would use his estate in Vahviala as a base for the outing.

    There was a knock on the door. Kekkonen's assistant opened it.

    ”Minister, Director Säippä's here.”

    The Minister of the Interior looked at his watch. He had almost forgotten his appointment with the okhrana.

    ”Let him in.”

    Paavo Säippä entered the room, and Kekkonen told him to sit down.

    ”So, how's the world looking like from Ratakatu's point of view?”[2]

    The Director of the State Police shrugged.

    ”Nothing too much out of the ordinary. We're seeing an uptick in foreign operatives coming to Finland, though. In the last two weeks, we have identified new suspected intelligence people from Germany, Britain and the USSR, as well. We have of course interviewed most of them. One of them, the British character Max Bosley, even admitted that he works for the British authorities. His credentials check out, though, so we'll just keep an eye on him.”

    ”The rise in international tensions is apparent from your side as well, then?”

    ”Certainly. There is something there we would need to talk over...”

    Kekkonen knew what Säippä was talking about. If things continued to deteriorate in Europe, and if the USSR kept acting ever more aggressively, sooner or later the State Police would have to start rounding up people deemed dangerous and put them into ”protective custody”. It would be mostly people from the far left, naturally, but not exclusively so. The far right was still very much in Kekkonen's sights as well.

    ”I expect you to update the lists of persons of interest”, he told Säippä, ”so that if the shit hits the fan, you can take action quickly and effectively.”

    The director nodded.

    ”We're already on it. The holidays are slowing down our work a bit, though, and most men that are not on holiday are tied up in surveillance, and then in the operations with the Coast Guard...”

    High summer was thirsty time, and it was also the high season of alcohol smuggling on the coasts. Despite the Prohibition being history, avoiding state taxes on booze was still a source of major profits to the right kind of an entrepreneur. The smugglers still plied their aquatic trade, and State Police detectives were still needed if not to apprehend them, then at least to inconvenience them.

    ”I'll be going back to holiday tomorrow, myself. To give you my professional opinion – nobody is going to coup the Finnish government in the next two weeks.”

    Maybe so, Kekkonen thought. But with you on holiday, and most of the state leadership traipsing around the countryside in Viipuri, not to speak of most the standing military, too, Helsinki will be pretty much entirely devoid of adult supervision in the next ten days to come.

    There was again a knock on the door.

    ”Sorry to disturb you, minister, director, but there's a Mrs. Durchman here, with an... ahem... entourage...”

    Kekkonen smiled.

    ”I'm sorry, Paavo, I've another appointment. If you don't mind. Nurses.”

    Säippä grinned.

    ”Nurses? You've got all the luck in the world, Urho. Well, all right. There was nothing pressing left, anyhow. Have a nice trip to Viipuri, we'll get back to it in a couple of weeks.”

    Kekkonen wished his old colleague [3] a good continuation for his holidays, and then looked at the room fill with young women in white, led by the redoubtable Mrs. Aino Durchman.[4]

    ”Minister”, Durchman said with a smile, nodding.

    Kekkonen smiled as well, standing up.

    ”Director Durchman, ladies. The new nursing school, eh?”

    He looked at Durchman and pointed to the chair.

    ”Please. Convince me.”


    ...


    Notes:

    [1] Urho Kekkonen was an active sports enthusiast in his youth, taking part in track and field competitions up to the national level. He won a Finnish championship in high jump and triple jump, and held a Finnish record in triple jump for several years. Since the early 30s, he had a leadership role in the Finnish Olympic Committee and the Finnish Amateur Athletics Association.

    [2] Ratakatu 12 in Helsinki was the address of the State Police headquarters.

    [3] Kekkonen worked as a detective in the State Police's earlier incarnation, Etsivä Keskuspoliisi (”Detective Central Police”) in the 1920s and knew Säippä from those days.

    [4] Trained in the United States in the 1920s, Aino Durchman was a trailblazer of Finnish nursing practice and a long-time director of the Helsinki Nursing School.


    ...



    condor.jpg


    "Aero's new passenger planes. The Aero Company has ordered two new Condor passenger aircraft from Germany. One will arrive in December and the other in February. The planes cost over 20 million marks, but then they are very large and have modern interiors. The planes will be named 'Karjala' and 'Petsamo', and they can along with the two pilots accommodate 26 passengers, a radio operator and a stewardess. The planes' cruising speed is 320 km/h and maximum speed 390 km/h."

    Published in the Helsingin Sanomat, Sunday, August 6th, 1939.
    ...

    To Be Continued
     
    Last edited:
    Twelve: Arvo


  • Twelve: Arvo



    The passenger train was leaving behind the Mäntyharju station somewhat to the south of Mikkeli, slowly gathering speed.

    Despite the opened-up windows, it tended to be pretty hot inside the carriage that was full of soldiers in their uniforms. In fact, Lieutenant Arvo Vaara felt like he was suffocating.

    The next hand was dealt. Arvo looked at the cards he received, and cursed quietly in his mind.

    Nothing.

    The oldest son of Salomo Vaara was not a stranger to bluffing. In fact he was well-versed with most strategies one could employ in the game of poker.

    But then if you constantly got fuck-all from the cards that were dealt to you, bluff would go only so far.

    By all accounts, Arvo should have been hungry by now. The train had been on the move for many hours, especially after it had to wait for an extended time at Pieksämäki, to wait for a north-bound train that had fallen behind its schedule. For some reason today, the Finnish railway system seemed to be experiencing some real problems. What the cavalry officer felt was not hunger – it was weakness, energy being drained out of him.

    He knew exatly why that was, and it was not just the fact that he had not really eaten all day. By now, he was 1800 marks down in the poker game that had gone on all through the trip.

    Opposite him, Sergeant Karvonen looked at Arvo Vaara and licked his lips like a predator.

    ”Raise, 40 marks”, he said, pushing a small pile of notes and coins across the makeshift table. Two of the other men decided to fold then and there, and then it was again only Karvonen and Arvo.

    The lieutenant looked again to his cards.

    No, this time they were bad enough to even try to bluff.

    ”Fold”, he said, feeling a combination of humiliation and anger.

    Karvonen winked to him and added the pot to his ever-growing pile of notes.

    ”Your turn to deal”, he said to the corporal next to him, turning his red face towards the lean younger man.

    The corporal looked at both the sergeant and the lieutenant. He had won a few marks himself, but he appeared ill at ease. To Arvo it had looked like the young man was worried that the officer opposite was losing so much, sums that for him probably were huge. Now, he shook his head.

    ”I'm out, sarge. I'm feeling a little ill, to be honest.”

    The sergeant smirked at him.

    ”Suit yourself. I knew you would not have the stomach for it when the stakes get higher”, he said, and then looked at Arvo.

    ”How about you, lieutenant?”, he asked, proffering he deck of cards towards Arvo.

    Arvo just nodded and took the cards. There was really no option for him than to keep playing, to win back even some of his losses. To mitigate the damage.

    And he had been so sure that today his luck would change.

    As Arvo shuffled the cards, trying to kindle within himself some new hope about getting into that elusive winning groove, in the outside the fields had again turned into an everpresent forest view. In between the forested hills and valleys, here and there one could glimpse a shimmering blue lake reflecting the clear summer sky.

    The train was now reaching normal speed, and there was a hint of fresh air coming in through the partially open window.

    Arvo finished dealing the cards, and then picked up his hand.

    He was holding three kings right away. It was hard for him not to smile.

    Does this mean my luck is finally turning?

    As the others also looked at their cards, their faces studiously blank, right then another man in a uniform barged into the carriage.

    ”It's a train!”, the man shouted, looking mightily shaken.

    The gamblers all looked at the man, who in ordinary circumstances would have looked quite the respectable older gentleman with his pince-nez glasses and his greying mutton chop whiskers.

    Arvo as well looked at the conductor with his mouth open.

    ”It is a train!”, the man repeated, his eyes wide, his face frozen in a mask of horror.

    He had entered the carriage from the direction of the locomotive.

    ”On the same track!”, the man enunciated in a pitiful voice.

    Then there was a tearing sound and Arvo was airborne, still clutching his three kings.


    ….


    törmäys2.jpg


    "A horrible collision.

    The crashed locomotives just after the accident."​


    ….


    September 2009

    The woman walked into the large hall, clutching her bag. To get this far, she had passed a gallery of old-fashioned kiosks selling food, small pastries of some sort and what she thought were traditional sweet rolls, coffee, flowers, newspapers, and of course mobile phone subscriptions. There was Televia, there was BearMobile, and then of course there was the ubiquitous orange smile of AT&T's Mobbo. The woman would have thought coming as far as Finland would have allowed her to escape Mobbo.

    No such luck.

    The woman weaved her way between businessmen in suits, a hugging student couple with backpacks and a swaying drunk who somehow looked like a war veteran.


    He looks kind of like Phil, really.

    The thought about her step dad was not something she wanted to have right now, so she started looking for the map of the platforms.

    No help, what she saw were just huge ads up on the walls of the big hall. Reciprocity, by Realism. Nuukat Nuudelit. Finn-Aero. There was an one billboard advertising the comeback tour of a British rock band, appearing in Helsinki in the Leijona Center, apparently. The woman could faintly remember seeing the lion logo on a big building on her way to the hotel the night before.

    ”Thank God I caught you”, the man in a suit and a dark overcoat had told her and looked at her matter-of-factly.


    ”I need to talk to you about the accident.”

    The woman shook her head.

    ”The accident?”

    ”With the taxi, Miss Farrah. Are you all right?”

    Nora Farrah shrugged lightly.

    ”I guess I am. Nothing appears to be broken. Why?”

    The man pulled his hand out out of his pocket and held out a calling card in white, blue and black.

    Nora took the card, feeling the expensive matte surface between her fingers.

    ”My name's Antti Jänö, and I'm with Fennia Legal. I wanted to ask you if you want to press charges... Against the taxi company.”

    Nora looked at the man, who was handsome in the way a cookie-cutter young military officer might be. The man appeared totally, well, generic.

    ”The taxi company? No...”


    She took a second to collect her thoughts.

    ”...I'd rather say it was the cops that were to blame for the accident, not the cabbie, so...”

    Antti Jänö answered her words with a slightly crooked smile.

    ”I can't help you with that”, he said, nodding towards the card in the woman's hand.

    ”I told you I was with Fennia Legal, didn't I? We don't take cases against Helsinki law enforcement, for obvious reasons.”

    Nora was not at all sure why it would have been obvious, but she just nodded.

    ”OK. Anyway, I just arrived to Finland, Mr... Jänö, and I am not about to sue anyone right now, thank you very much.”


    The man in the suit and overcoat smiled and nodded.

    ”Thank you for telling me that, now I have an answer to give to my boss. Due diligence, you see.”

    The man smiled again and again nodded towards the card.

    ”Don't hesitate to call me if you need any help with... navigating around Finland. Fennia's there to help, haha, like our ads tend to say. As a matter of fact – would you have a number I could call you if my boss needs any additional information?”

    ”No, sorry”, Nora answered, not feeling sorry at all, ”I don't have a Finnish 'phone yet. Like I said, I've just arrived.”

    The man smiled again and nodded to her.


    ”Allright then”, he said and glanced to his right, apparently causing a similarly dressed man, albeit a bit older and scruffier one, to get up from one of the chairs behind him.

    ”Thank you for your time, Miss Farrah. Enjoy your stay in Finland. Good night.”

    The man left with his... partner?... in tow, leaving Nora to stand there holding his business card.

    Haluamme Auttaa Sinua[1], said a black and blue billboard up on the wall.

    Fennia Security.

    From time to time, she could hear a chime and then a woman's voice in Finnish, apparently announcing trains about to depart.

    The sound of the announcements was tinny and pretty low-fi. The woman couldn't understand a word.

    She walked on, passing a French fast food chain's outlet and a fat man in a blue overall, standing idly by some floor maintenance equipment. Then, finally, she found a route map. It showed several different railway lines in various colours, apparently representing different rail companies.


    To be honest, she could not make heads or tails of it.

    After a small while, she stopped an affable-looking man in his early thirties with a messy hair and thick glasses, a black and yellow scarf around his neck.

    ”Excuse me – do you speak English?”, she asked, and the man nodded.

    ”I need to get to Leppävaara. Is it the yellow line I need to take? Platform Four?”

    The man looked at the big glowing chart for a while and then shook his head.

    ”No. The yellow line is RailSavonia. Long distance. What you need.... Is one of the companies serving the Greater Helsinki area. Like H-Rata, or PKS. It's the green line – Platforms Ten through Fifteen. Buy a ticket in advance... from a vendor or a machine.”

    ”Thank you.”


    ”Eipä mittään[2]”, the man said, making a mock military salute and taking off into the growing crowd.

    Platforms Ten through Fifteen, the woman thought, the lower level.

    Feeling a sudden urge, Nora Farrah glanced up at the vaulted ceiling of the big hall and saw small rays of light punching through the dirty old window panes, making up a pattern looking a lot like some constellation of unknown stars.

    She kept the image on the top of her mind as she made her way down to the darker reaches of the railway station.



    ...


    The escort is following a little bit behind

    Making his own tracks

    Fearing that he'll get infected with destiny

    But that's what it's the least about

    When I'm left alone, I know what'll follow



    There's really nothing equivocal about it

    I'm just somehow returning home



    ...



    Notes:

    [1] We Want to Help You.

    [2] It's nothing.


    ...


    To Be Continued
     
    Last edited:
    Thirteen: Gustaf
  • upseerit.jpg


    "A Finnish officer briefs foreign military attachés about the events of the war games. Near Viipuri, August 1939."

    Photo: The Finnish Military Museum.

    ...


    Thirteen: Gustaf



    The old man stared at the young woman. This end of the covered terrace had gone quiet, even if discussion was still continuing in the other end of the long table.

    The young woman's face was turning progressively redder.

    The older man again looked down on his plate, and his mustachied upper lip trembled with something very much like disgust.

    Finally, as it often was, it was up to General Walden to break the deadlock.

    ”Miss”, he said to the young woman wearing the immaculately white apron, ”you can take away the fish and bring the field marshal the meat option.”

    The young woman looked at the old general.

    ”Sir”, she stammered, ”the meat option? I am not sure if the chef has...”

    Sure he has, miss”, the general and industrialist, Mannerheim's right hand in the Defence Council answered.

    He lowered his voice.

    Just take away the fish. Please. Tell the chef that the field marshal will take anything else he has.”

    Carl Gustaf Mannerheim was a great admirer of fish dishes. He liked fish in many forms, fried, boiled, poached, smoked. But the one sort of fish he absolutely detested was pike. He did not want to encourage the existence of pike dishes, or the animal itself, by indulging in consuming said travesty of a fish.

    The long and short of it was that eating pike was entirely below him.

    The chef had not been informed.

    Gustaf sighed and looked out across the long table set on the airy terrace of the provincial restaurant. The evening was cooling down after a long, hot day, and Gustaf was in mood of getting some food into his stomach to fortify him after several hours of meeting foreign guests and reviewing troops taking part in the war games arriving to the Viipuri area. There had been a field lunch, sure, but then it had been very light and some time had passed since it.

    The fact was that the old cavalry officer was both hungry and thirsty, and, even if he would not have wanted to admit to it, a bit tired.

    It all made him somewhat irritable.

    Happily, though, the wine they had been served was quite good. Gustaf took another sip from his glass, thinking back on the day. With a glass of schnapps already in his system, in a moment he was feeling a little light-headed.

    In the other end of the table, the Prime Minister was telling something to his foreign guests. Given that one of them was the Swedish Defence Minister and another the Commander in Chief of the Danish military, he was using Swedish. Gustaf cocked his head and focused on what the man who looked like the very image of a university professor was saying.

    ”...In my personal opinion. If we had bought more weapons some years ago, by the beginning of the war they would have already been obsolete! The pace of invention in military technology is such these days – what with tanks and bomber airplanes, and what have you...”

    Just then, as if to underscore what the man was saying, Gustaf could hear the drone of aircraft engines in the distance – most likely those of the Blenheim bombers the Air Force was due to give a demonstration with the following day.

    ”...And so, by not buying weapons that would have been needed to be replaced with more modern ones by the war anyway, we have saved for the Finnish people a pretty penny! We'll buy weapons when we need them, not to be kept in storage, costing the people money for warehousing and upkeep and so on. It is good economy, gentlemen.”

    It took Gustaf's entire willpower not to scoff audibly at the Prime Minister's words. You can't arm and outfit an entire military in days or weeks, not when the whole continent seems to be going out of its mind with talks of war. Weapons should be bought in times of peace, when demand for them is low, the old soldier thought. When the war is already on, all nations will hold on to their armaments with tooth and nail. And that is why the Prime Minister was wrong. The field marshal had tried his level best in the recent months to secure funding for the Finnish military for new purchases, but it had not been easy. After the Finnish overtures for defence cooperation with Sweden had been mooted, Mannerheim's recent effort had been to secure loans from the United States to buy significant numbers of modern weaponry. The discussions were still ongoing.

    Cajander shared some pun about frugality with Sköld, drawing a chuckle from the Swede, and Gustaf found himself thinking how much simpler things might have been without democracy allowing fools to ascend to high offices of state.

    He took another sip of the wine, and then relented. It was not that the Prime Minister was a fool or a simpleton – he was, in his own way, a perfectly intelligent man. It was just that his intelligence was of the university sort, not that of a politician or a soldier. He was not like Mannerheim was, nor like his trusted Rudolf Walden. Not like the bald, shrewd-looking young minister of the interior sitting obliquely across the table from him, either, the old officer thought. Cajander was an academic, a man of theory and abstraction, and as such he was peace-time politician at best. In the current situation that was his chief shortcoming.

    It was not that Gustaf had anything against democracy, either. Not as such. Republican governance had its strong points, too– at least when compared with dictatorships like that of Bolshevik Russia, or that of Hitler's Germany. Only if one could make it so that the democratic machine would raise up only men who were up to the task at hand...

    Finally, the waiter brought Gustaf his main course – roasted beef with seasonal vegetables. The old man tasted his food and found it entirely agreeable. After a few mouthfuls, his spirits were much improved. He felt good enough to converse some with General Linder across the table, about the political situation in Europe. When the waiter then brought him more wine, he even smiled benevolently to the young woman he had only recently glared at because of the damn fish.

    After the dinner is over, Gustaf thought, I need to apologize to the girl. She is, after all, only doing her job.

    ”...And then we need to wait what comes of the discussions between the Soviets, on one hand, and the British and the French, on the other. Will there be an alliance against the Germans? Or will Stalin still be too suspicious to trust the capitalist nations?”, Linder mused rhetorically. Gustaf was happy that his old colleague did not know about the Soviet demands recently made to Finland. It would have definitely darkened his mood, too.

    Mannerheim's thoughts went back to the events of the day. He had seen infantry and mounted troops marching along the dry, dusty roads to the designated war game area, tanks and trucks ending into small traffic jams on narrow roads between trees, artillery pieces being manhandled into position. Successful as the preparations he had seen had appeared, the railway chaos of the day before loomed in the back of his mind. Several people had died, in not just one but two separate accidents. The last-minute additions to the war games had thrown the railway system off kilter, and Mannerheim believed those accidents were then a feature of systemic problems to do with mobilization arrangements.

    He would have to task a logistics officer to look into the matter as soon as the war games would be over.

    ”I would like to propose a toast to our hosts”, he heard a man say in Swedish. He looked to the end of the table to see it was General Prior who had spoken up. With a glass in his hand, the Danish officer was looking at him.

    ”Prime Minister Cajander, Field Marshal Mannerheim. Ministers, generals, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you all, for giving us the opportunity to see Finland, and view the Finnish military in action. A toast to the good fortune of these war games.”

    Mannerheim raised a glass with the others, with a practiced, steady hand.


    ...

    ratsumiehet.jpg


    "Mounted troopers enroute to Viipuri, August 1939."

    Photo: The Finnish Military Museum.​

    ...


    Arvo


    Lost in thought, Lieutenant Arvo Vaara was grooming his mount for the night. Apart from their personal gear, mounted troopers were responsible for caring for their horses as well. Through his training, the necessity of taking good care of his mount had been drilled into Arvo Vaara. Even now, when he as an officer could have tasked an ordinary trooper to take care of his horse, Arvo considered it his duty to see to the well-being of the horse he would depend on the next day, the one that had carried him through this day as well. ”Take care of your horse, and your horse will a friend that takes care of you. A cavalryman who does not care for the well-being of his mount is not worth his uniform”, Arvo's instructor had told him during his first weeks in the Häme Mounted Regiment.

    The night was falling in southern Karelia. The cavalry unit's camp was made on a clearing in a forest next to a road, just on the other side of a small copse of woods from another camp. It included artillery units from Field Artillery Regiment 2. Several other men were seeing to their horses, too, and some were tending camp fires, or doing various sundry work to prepare the unit for the day to come. The night was falling, but it was still warm. The day had been hot and dry, and riding to Viipuri had been a sweaty and dirty job. Especially unpleasant had been the part of the ride where the squadron had tested their gas masks along the way. It definitely had not been the best weather for riding in gas masks. Arvo was sure that some photographer along the way had got some dramatic photos of it, though.

    Arvo's current mount was a chestnut mare called Mary, a Finnish warmblood like most of the Regiment's horses.[1] Mary was not a very big or strong, as cavalry mounts went, but she was tenacious and brave, and responded to his commands so well that she seemed almost able to read his mind. Arvo believed that Mary was very smart.

    Alone with the mare, Arvo spoke to her in a low, soothing voice, telling her of the last couple of days. He told her about the railway accident, about how when he came to, everything was a mess and then he tried to help injured and trapped people the best he could. Given the conditions of the accident, people on the train had been very, very lucky. Only the two men in the locomotive had died, and an older woman who apparently had perished due to a cardiac arrest. For the rest, there had only been various injuries. Arvo himself was still feeling the effects of the crash in his back, and in his lower thigh where he had a nasty bruise. There was a cut on his arm as well – his uniform tunic had been ruined.

    All in all, the accident had been sorted out more easily than he would have thought possible, experiencing it first hand. The local Civil Guards and Lotta Svärd had quickly put together an ad hoc relief organization, and all soldiers aboard the train had worked admirably, led by an infantry major who had after the initial confusion taken command of the scene.

    ”It gives a man pause, getting involved in an accident like that”, Arvo told Mary.

    Mary neighed in return, like it had understood perfectly what the young lieutenant was saying.

    Arvo was still brushing the horse's flank when he suddenly heard a voice behind him.

    ”Vaarra! Here you are!”

    Lieutenant Arvo Vaara pivoted around with the brush in his hand.

    ”Captain”[2], he said, attempting a salute. The older officer waved off the formality.

    ”Lieutenant Vaarra”, Captain Arnold Majewski said with a smile, abusing Arvo's last name in his usual manner. The closest thing Arvo Vaara had to a mentor as a military officer, for better or for worse, Arnold Majewski was one of the regiment's most well-known officers. At age 47, he still rode with a flamboyant, skilled abandon a few younger troopers could muster. The son of a Polish-born officer from an old noble family, the captain seemed to have the skills of a cavalryman in his very blood. Due to his Swedish-speaking mother, though, his native tongue was Swedish. This all made his spoken Finnish quite idiosyncratic.

    Majewski was a legend among his men and in the town of Lappeenranta, and not only because of his military skills. The captain was an easygoing officer who spent what money he had on drinks, good food and women. This was a man who had debts all around town, as well as illegitimate children, it was rumoured. The concerns of ordinary mortals didn't seem to affect the strong-willed man who was always in good spirits and of whom many funny anecdotes made their rounds around the town and the garrison.

    ”Vaarra”, Majewski repeated, glancing at the man next to him, the regiment's long-suffering veterinarian, ”we're very lucky to find you here. Your presence is required at a... high-level meeting”, he said, beaming.

    ”Captain, I...”, Arvo started.

    ”Not a word, Vaarra”, the older officer said, ”Listen. I find that I have here in my possession a bottle or two of fine brandy. And on the other side of those trees...”

    He pointed to the west.

    ”...Is the camp of artillerists...”

    The captain turned his head and spat on the ground for effect.

    ”...And it is our duty as officers of the Häme Mounted Regiment to go and teach those... men... something about the art of playing cards!”

    Oh, here we go, Arvo thought quietly.

    ”Captain, I...”, he started again.

    Majewski affected a furious stare at the young officer.

    ”Do I need to make it an order, lieutenant?”, he asked, raising his voice for effect.

    Next to him, the veterinarian, Rantanen, rolled his eyes.

    Arvo Vaara threw up his hands.

    ”All right, all right. Let's go and give our neighbours a lesson, then.”

    Majewski grabbed the younger man and patted his back.

    ”Good man. I knew I can count on you.”

    Arvo Vaara had planned to turn in early. The next morning the war games would start out in earnest. But Arnold Majewski was a very difficult man to say no to. And, to be perfectly honest, Arvo was interested to see if his luck had really changed. The railway accident had cut his game with the meaty-faced sergeant short, after all, right when things had started to look up.

    The three men walked across the woods, with Majewski detailing to the two others his exploits during the ride over from Lappeenranta earlier during the day.

    ”...So I say to him: move this smoke-spewing tin can of yours away from the path of my troopers, or I'll take out my bloody can opener and split your little tank in half. After that, the man he made haste!”, the man told his companions in his accented Finnish and laughed heartily.

    It did not take long for the trio to find people to play cards with in the artillery unit's camp. In fact, as luck would have it, before even walking the whole way the three men practically stumbled into a small card game between a few officers and NCOs, next to a small copse of trees out of earshot of the camp proper.

    To his surprise, Arvo Vaara noticed that Sergeant Meat-Head was among them. He looked at the man, who was appeared equally surprised. The man nodded to him.

    ”Ah, lieutenant”, the artilleryman said and smiled a crooked smile, ”How's this for a twist in the story? We have played some poker before with this man", he told his unit-mates, "I thought you lost enough the last time, eh?”

    The man had obviously already taken a couple of drinks. Grinding his teeth a little, Arvo Vaara sat down on a tree stump. Then Rantanen poured them all drinks out of one of the bottles Majewski had brought along with him.

    Taking a sip, Arvo Vaara had to agree that it was very good brandy.

    As the south Karelian August evening darkened, a poker game got underway in the light of an oil-fueled lantern. The game itself was fueled with brandy, and Majewski dominated the proceedings with his sheer presence. Arvo was off to a rocky start, but then after a few hands he found his groove. And after that, it seemed that he could not lose. Captain Majewski himself was not really winning or losing, but he proved once again a very useful foil – he distracted the opponents with his stories and expansive personality, and being more used to the captain than the artillery men were, Arvo could leverage this state of affairs to his advantage. Arvo also managed to control his drinking, whereas Sergeant Meat-Head across the makeshift table from him kept getting more drunk all the while. The other artillerymen were not much better.

    In the end, it was a slaughter. Unsteadily swaying back to their camp some hours later, when the night had already turned towards a creeping summer morning, all the three cavalrymen had more money on them than they had in their pockets on the way over. Majewski had won some, Rantanen had won more. Lieutenant Arvo Vaara, he had made a real killing. He had won back all that he had lost to the artillery sergeant in the train, and then more. In fact he had totally fleeced the poor bugger.

    Arvo didn't feel sorry for the man, though. In fact he found the sergeant wholly unpleasant as a person.

    Serves him right.

    Having one last drink with Captain Majewski who drunkenly congratulated him, and then making his way to his spartan field lodgings, Arvo Vaara felt a sense of honest victory – never mind if in the next morning a hangover of sorts would surely follow.


    ...


    tykki.jpg


    "A gun crew is preparing a field artillery piece for action. Near Viipuri, August 1939."

    Photo: The Finnish Military Museum.​


    ...


    Notes:

    [1] A breed developed out of the common Finnhorse (or Finnish Universal), the Finnish warmblood was bred since 1926 specifically for equestrian sports and military use. It was built lighter than the ordinary Finnhorse, for speed and agility.

    [2] The Finnish cavalry rank was ratsumestari (ryttmästare), which corresponds to the traditional German rank of rittmeister.


    ...


    To Be Continued
     
    Last edited:
    Fourteen: Arvo
  • marshal.jpg


    "High-ranking observers in the war games of August 1939. Field Marshal Mannerheim and General Prior in the centre of the photo."

    Photo: The Finnish Military Museum.​


    Fourteen: Arvo

    Horse hooves beat the dry ground on the clearing in the woods as the First Squadron of the Häme Mounted Regiment rode to war under the morning sun of early August.

    Well, not to war, not as such. It was just an exercise. But it felt more exhilarating for Lieutenant Arvo Vaara to imagine they were actually riding out to meet a real enemy instead of just other Finnish soldiers making up the Yellow force standing against their White force for the purposes of the war games.

    Up in the air, a Fokker biplane passed the mounted troops, on a reconnaissance run due east. The pilot saluted the men down below with his plane's wings. Arvo looked at the plane go and was sure that the machine gunner scanning the blue summer skies, sitting behind the pilot facing back, smiled to him.

    Captain Majewski had given a small speech to the assembled troopers before they set up to fulfill their part in today's exercise, acting as a recon screen on the left wing of the White force as it would first seek contact with the advancing Yellows, and then, after finding them, conduct a fighting withdrawal to wait for the arrival of the bulk of the White force's strength.

    ”My soldiers”, Majewski had boomed in his awkward, Swedish-accented Finnish, ”today we will let everyone see the difference a man and a horse can do in the field of battle. All eyes are on you today. I hear Mannerheim himself will be attending the event! Men! Horsemen, cavalrymen! I am counting on you all – let's go and give them a bloody good show!”

    The captain's smile had been wide as the men of the First Squadron roared in response.

    ”Cheer up, Vaarra!”, the older officer had said to the young lieutenant, winking, ”Now it's our chance to do what we do best! Forwards!”

    Lieutenant Arvo Vaara looked at the advancing mounted unit, surrounded by a rising cloud of dust. Majewski's good mood was infectious, as always. Despite himself, Vaara smiled, too, and spurred his mount on.

    Time to get into the spirit of the thing.

    ….

    One fine day everything goes

    Goes like dancing on roses

    .

    press.jpg


    "A machine gun section prepares for action as the press looks on."

    Photo: The Finnish Military Museum.
    ....


    Gustaf


    The small multinational knot of senior officers and politicians advanced slowly along the dusty road. On both sides of the road, infantry soldiers were waiting for the order to advance. A machine gun squad crouched behind a boulder placed in the middle of the field like thrown there by an unthinking giant.

    Gustaf looked at the last unit in the area marching into position – fresh-faced Finnish warriors, looking maybe nineteen years old, led by an impossibly baby-faced second lieutenant with a map satchel on his hip and field glasses hanging from his neck. The sight of the high-ranking observers in their immediate vicinity apparently put a spring in the step of the infantrymen.

    Where do they get young officers these days – straight out of a kindergarden?, the old man thought.

    ”Marshal?”, General Prior next to him asked him. Apparently he had muttered his thought aloud.

    Gustaf turned at the Danish officer and gave him a polite smile.

    ”General, I was just thinking how young these soldiers look like. It's been a few summers since we last were that young, certainly.”

    Prior gave Field Marshal Mannerheim a mock-mournful smile.

    ”It's been that, alas. To be that young again... But then, now we are older and wiser, what! Between you and me, marshal, a young man is probably one of stupidest beings alive. I can assure you I was! Brash, uncaring and vain. There are benefits in experience and wisdom that do make up some of the benefits of youth we have lost."

    Prior's comments touched Gustaf more deeply than he probably had thought they would. Just the night before, the old man had once again been a young man in his dreams, an officer of the Chevalier Guard in St. Petersburg, back in the good old days. In fact he had been slightly confused to wake up in his field cot and, opening his eyes, to see his right hand.

    A worn old man's hand.

    Gustaf just nodded in response to Prior's words.

    The group rounded a bend in the road, the men finding themselves behind a copse of trees. There they came upon an armored vehicle standing unmoving next to the road. A tanker, a young soldier stood smoking next to the Vickers 6-Ton. When he realized the nature of the entourage approaching him, he dropped his cigarette, stood to attention and ripped off a textbook salute.

    Next to him, another man crouched next to the tank, cursing.

    ”Where's that bloody wrench, Seppälä?”, he said, ”hurry the hell up!”

    The man standing in attention looked pained.

    ”Corporal, there's...”

    ”Don't you corporal me, Seppälä! Get me a goddamned...”

    The Minister of the Interior, Kekkonen, had sidled up to the tank. He leaned on the hull and looked at the man on the ground.

    ”Engine trouble, corporal?”, he asked innocently, with a hint of a sly smile on his lips, making the NCO stand up suddenly.

    ”Who the hell...”, said the man, and then looked around, to see several general officers in uniforms and other men in suits, freezing in place.

    Kekkonen grinned at him.

    ”At ease, corporal”, General Walden said, smiling now as well, waving a hand soothingly, ”don't you mind us, we'll be on our way.”

    The entourage walked on, guided forward by a Finnish liaison officer in the know about the starting positions of the units taking part in the exercise, leaving the two confused tankers still standing next to their malfunctioning vehicle and for the while not knowing what to do next.

    Gustaf Mannerheim took a look at his pocket watch, seeing that it was quarter to.

    Not for long now, the field marshal thought to himself.

    ….

    One fine day everything goes

    Goes like dancing on roses

    One fine day everything goes

    .


    Veli and Erkki

    A man and a boy walked slowly along a gravel road past golden fields of rye.

    In his left hand, the boy six carried a small paper bag of hard candy. In his right hand he grabbed a grey and black plush toy animal.

    Veli and Erkki had seen their sister Sisko off in the morning. The university student had left the Vaarala pier in a boat, waving goodbye to her mother and siblings, and by now she had already boarded a train for the capital. Veli knew that little Erkki loved his older sister very much and was always very, very reluctant to let her go. And that is why he had taken to bribing Erkki on these occasions. Now again they had walked together to the village's little co-operative shop, Erkki holding back his tears, trying hard to show what a big boy he was.

    Veli bought his baby brother two marks' worth of polkagris candy.

    The road was new, build recently to get rid of an unnecessary curve near the village school. The coarse gravel rattled under the feet of the two travellers as they were slowly but surely approaching home. The sun was shining but a surprisingly cold wind had picked up.

    To the left, now, Veli could see an old man digging a ditch next to the road. It was Jahvetti, a man who had been hurt in the head during the civil war and had never fully recovered from it, never regained his senses fully. These days, the tall, bony man of sixty-one was widely seen as a village idiot.

    As Veli and Erkki reached the old man, he suddenly turned at them and quietly smiled a wide smile full of black, rotten teeth, standing perfectly still. At the same time, uncannily, a shadow fell on the man and the boy.

    Veli turned around and to his surprise saw that a large dark cloud had risen from the horizon, now already blocking out the early afternoon sun.

    ”A storm's coming”, Veli told Erkki, ”we better hurry home so we don't get caught in the rain.”

    As Veli and Erkki turned their backs to Jahvetti, the old man started humming to himself loudly. It startled Veli and made his skin crawl.

    ”Veli”, Erkki said in a quiet voice.

    ”Yes, what is it?”

    ”Mr Badger's feeling afraid.”

    Yes, Veli thought to himself, me too.

    .


    Gustaf

    The group of high-ranking guests had been led to a little meadow uphill from a small lake and a few fields beyond it. Gustaf knew that due to the way the exercise had been set up, the White and Yellow forces would meet in battle on those fields. This was then a very good spot to view the one of the opening battles of the war games.

    The weather worried Gustaf, however. After a sunny morning, a bank of dark clouds was now emerging from the east to cover the skies. The clouds were pushed along by a cold wind, and pretty soon now, he thought, there would be a need to take cover from the expected rain. As the clouds pushed closer, the rumble of thunder could also be heard from afar.

    To the left of the old field marshal, Prime Minister Cajander removed his pince-nez glasses and used the binoculars a liaison officer had handed him. After a brief moment, he handed the optics to Minister Sköld instead, and directed the Swedish guest to look at the left side treeline where he thought he had seen camouflaged infantry.

    And then there were the whistles by the referees of the exercise, signalling that the action could start.

    Almost immediately, Gustaf could see squads of infantry carefully emerging from between the trees where Cajander had pointed to.

    At least his eyesight is all right, the old career soldier thought wryly.

    On the other side of the fields, the artillery opened up.

    ...


    Sergeant Antti Karvonen, Field Artillery Regiment 2

    Sergeant Karvonen felt thoroughly miserable. He was still hung over from the night before. In the poker game against the cavalry officers in the evening, Karvonen had lost more money than he wanted. Much more. He'd had to part with the very nice bundle he had won from the cocky young lieutenant on the train, and even that had not been enough. In fact when he eventually returned home from the war games, Karvonen would have to explain to his wife why he was suddenly flat broke.

    It had been very hard to sleep at night, even despite all the booze he had had.

    Next to Karvonen, the field phone rang. The sergeant answered it, and a voice on the other end of the line started detailing him the coordinates for the section of 122 mm howitzers would need to fire upon.

    Just then thunder rumbled above, and heavy rain started to fall on the field artillery section. Karvonen was not sure if he got the right numbers. Trying to shield himself from the sudden cold rain, the sergeant thought to ask battalion HQ to repeat them.

    Fuck it. It's just an exercise, he then thought.

    The sergeant decided that he heard the coordinates right the first time, and relayed the numbers along.

    The section of WWI-era howitzers roared, rivalling the noise of thunder around it.

    ….


    Gustaf

    Heavy rain fell on the group of observers, and soon a joint agreement was reached to start seeking for shelter. The thunder storm appeared to be right on the top of the group now. There were flashes of lightnings all around.

    From between the sounds of thunder, Gustaf suddenly heard a quite different noise. It was a sound he would have recognized even in his dreams. Someone else must have realized the same thing, because they shouted a warning.

    ”Incoming!”

    It was much too late. The force of the explosion made the old soldier fly like a rag doll.

    Everything went black.

    When Gustaf again opened his eyes, he was looking at the world from an altogether different, very unlikely angle. Nothing was how it was supposed to be. The ground around him was churned up, and there was blood all around.

    Everything had gone quiet.

    From beyond the veil of heavy but silent rain, rain he could not feel at all, the old man saw four horsemen approach him, as if ghosts or apparitions. A young officer dismounted and walked up to him, a look of astonishment, panic and growing horror on his water-soaked face.

    Get a grip of yourself, man!, Gustaf thought. It can't be all that bad.

    The young officer opened his mouth. By the look of it, he started bellowing frantic orders.

    Gustaf could hear nothing, and he could not get up.

    He felt the world slip away from him.

    ...

    ukkonen.jpg

    ....

    One fine day everything goes

    Goes like dancing on roses

    One fine day everything goes

    Goes like dancing on the graves


    It's the day when the priest returns

    Walks the village road and opens the gate

    Bringing along a tinderbox to make even truth burn

    Now if ever, now if ever

    It is time to adorn a modest coffin

    With the herbs of the meadow




    ....


    To Be Continued

    [filler]
     
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    Fifteen: The Storm and the Harvest


  • Fifteen: The Storm and the Harvest


    The summer storm that ravaged Eastern Finland on the 8th and 9th August 1939, called the Sylvi Storm [1] according to it being Sylvi's name day, surprised Finnish meteorologists. In hindsight, though, the weather had been hot and dry in Finland for a surprisingly long period in late July and early August, and a thunderstorm was a natural culmination to the prevailing weather. The storm brought along with it heavy rains all around the Eastern part of the country, especially on the Karelian Isthmus, in Northern Karelia and in Northern Savonia. There were heavy bouts of lightnings and some destructive gusts of wind as well.

    As harvest time was just beginning in the Finnish countryside, the storm led to many farms losing much or their crops in the affected areas. The effects were very patchy, though, and in some municipalities the storm affected the great majority of the farms while in the neighbouring one there were next to no damages caused by it. It took mere days for local notables and political representatives of the Agrarian League to start advocating for state support in terms of both direct monetary grants and indirect tax considerations for the affected farms and communities to help the locals carry the losses incurred.

    The prevailing feelings in Finland in mid-August were shock and grief. The so-called Hannila shots [2], the misdirected artillery barrage that killed and injured several Finnish and foreign political and military leaders at the great war games in and around Viipuri on August 8th sent the nation into a political crisis the kind that had not be seen since the early 1930s and the heyday of the far right nationalist Lapua Movement.

    Several books and articles have been written about the Hannila shots, in Finland and Sweden, the most recent of them the acclaimed Hannila: When the Sky Fell Down by the young Finnish historian Jenni Indrenius. It is hard to overstate the importance the incident had on the political reality of the First Republic at summer's end 1939. Like Mika Waltari did in his novel The Number of Our Days, most historians now see the Hannila shots as the bookend to the 1930s in Finland, and as the beginning of the WWII period proper. The fact that it was only two weeks from the incident to the announcement of the so-called Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact between the Soviet Union and Hitler's Germany, on August 22nd, is naturally important for this view. After a period of relative calm, the events in Finland and around the small northern nation started gaining momentum, taking Finland towards the bigger storm known as the Second World War, much like a treetrunk floating in a meandering little river that suddenly turns into fast-flowing rapids.

    The first people to stumble on the site of the carnage caused by the explosion of several 122 mm high explosive artillery shells in the midst of a group of high-ranking observers were troopers from the Häme Mounted Regiment. Four mounted soldiers, part of the "White" force's reconnaissance efforts, investigated the site of the artillery strike on the initiative of a young officer. This was caused, apparently, by the realization that the area in question should not have been a target for the field guns of Artillery Regiment 2, supporting the "White" force's assault in the exercise.

    What the men, Lieutenant Vaara, Sergeant Jokinen, Private Argillander and Private Hämäläinen found were dead and dying men, some of them mutilated beyond recognition. Four people had died apparently immediately: Prime Minister Aimo Cajander, Minister of Defence Juho Niukkanen, General Rudolf Walden, the industrialist and a member of the Defence Council [3], and Per Edvin Sköld, the Swedish Minister of Defence. Eight others were injured in various ways, from surprisingly light injuries to life-threatening ones.

    Three mounted troopers started a frantic effort to help the injured members of the group of observers, while Sergeant Jokinen was sent to find the nearest field radio or, failing that, field telephone, as soon as possible to summon medics to the scene and to reach the leadership of the war games [4] to call an immediate halt to the exercise. There was a number of Finnish liaison personnel at the scene, too, some of whom were also injured. At the insistence of Lieutenant Vaara, these shell-shocked men also started assisting with the first aid efforts.

    Happily for the victims of the artillery strike, it was only about seven hundred meters to the closest infantry command post, and from there help could be called in. Almost exactly 45 minutes after the fateful artillery shots, Lieutenant General Hugo Österman, in his HQ at Heinjoki, then ordered all operations to do with the war games halted and sent also orders to the effect that all efforts must be taken to help the injured men in Hannila. The Viipuri city hospital was alerted, and best available means of transport were organized for the effort. Practically and rather fortuitously, this meant calling in two of the Air Force's Junkers floatplanes, a W 34 and a K 43, slated to take part in the exercise specifically in a medical evacuation role, to land on the nearby Hannilanjärvi to fly the stricken men to Viipuri. For the Commander of the Civil Guards, General Malmberg, even this modern means of transport was not enough: he took his last breath in the air enroute to the Karelian capital.

    As soon as the tragic nature of the apparently misdirected artillery shots became apparent to the Finnish military leadership present, the question of whether these strikes could have been deliberate rather than accidental was considered by some. Orders were sent from Heinjoki to the units taking part in the exercise to find and apprehend those that were responsible for the incident forthwith. This lead in practice to infantry units surrounding artillery batteries in temporary mini-sieges and standoffs, sometimes threatening artillerymen at gunpoint, before the situation was resolved.

    At the same time, the authorities in the Finnish capital were contacted in expectations of potential incidents taking place in Helsinki as well. The later historical studies about the Hannila shots suggest that in the event especially Major General Edvard Hanell, the commander of the ”White” force in the exercise, was all but sure that the attack was deliberate and just a prelude to an imminent larger attack against Finland. This sort of response to the event was natural under the circumstances, even if in hindsight it arguably appears very much like unfounded paranoia.

    In Helsinki the military leadership's reaction mirrored Hanell's view. Upon receiving word from Viipuri, the Chief of the General Staff, Lieutenant General Oesch, placed all the capital area military units under alert, and also all the Civil Guards in the capital and surroundings were alerted. Of course due to the exercise in Viipuri taking up so much of active Finnish forces, the cupboard was pretty bare. The first troops appearing as reinforcements to patrol the surroundings of the ministries in central Helsinki were Navy conscripts roused at the naval barracks in Katajanokka, quickly armed with rifles and marched to the Senate Square by a flustered junior officer from the gunboat Karjala. The first actual regular command to reach battle readiness in the capital area was the Kuivasaari fortress island, where the battery of 12 inch Obuhov guns stood ready for action as quickly as three hours after the word of the Hannila incident reached the island.

    In the evening of August 8th as the summer storm known as Sylvi pounded Eastern Finland with all her might, as the military authorities in Viipuri and the nearby municipalities were trying to make head or tails of the situation, and as surgeons in the Viipuri city hospital struggled to save the lives of seriously injured men under the light of oil lamps [5], in Helsinki uniformed men were seen setting up road blocks on the main streets and roadways leading to the heart of the Finnish capital.

    The news of the Hannila incident did not take long to be transmitted outside Finland. Journalists from across Europe were taking part in covering the war games in Viipuri, and many of them rushed to tell their readers about what had happened as soon as possible. Some of the most iconic photos of the aftermath of the incident were also taken by foreign photographers.

    ...

    evak.jpg


    The badly injured General Malmberg is taken aboard an Air Force Junkers floatplane to be flown to Viipuri for treatment.
    This rare photo of the aerial evacuation was taken by a photographer covering General William Prior's visit to Finland for the Danish newspaper Berlingske Tidende.​

    ...

    The old man had woken up early and was now eating a light breakfast in his spartan room. Outside, snow fell slowly on the trees in the park. Under the overcast sky, everything appeared to be painted in shades of grey.

    Nothing stirred.

    As the man finished his coffee, there was a discreet knock on the door. Slowly, deliberately the old man stood up to reach his familiar military bearing. It was quite difficult. Then, slowly, he headed for the door.

    Reaching his hand for the brass knob to open the heavy wooden door, Gustaf Mannerheim felt a twinge in his lower body, as if something was not all right. A cold sweat was rising to his forehead.

    He opened the door but there was nobody there.

    He then looked down. On the ground there was a single black riding boot, shined to perfection.

    I need to summon my servant to remind him that he forgot my other damn boot”, the old cavalry officer thought.

    Then he felt a slight vertigo and reached out for the wall next to him to steady himself. He could see his own image in the mirror across the hallway, recognizable but distorted.

    A realization came to him.

    No, that's right. One boot is all that I need now.”




    It did not take long for the artillery section in question to be be identified. As the artillery battalion's HQ confirmed the coordinates the section had been ordered to fire at, and as the artillerymen of the section itself all separately agreed that slightly different coordinates, those of the unfortunate group of observers, had been used instead, it was certain who was responsible for the artillery strike.

    The problem was that Sergeant Antti Karvonen, the man who had relayed the wrong coordinates to the section (on this every member of the section agreed) was nowhere to be found. He had gone missing in the confusion following the accident. The man was never seen again. There are several theories as to what happened to Sergeant Karvonen on August 8th, ranging from the mundane to the fanciful and even supernatural. The most realistic theory yet put together, first suggested already during the war, was that the body of an unknown man in a Finnish military uniform, found floating near Käkisalmi on the shores of Lake Ladoga in the spring of 1940 belonged to Karvonen. If we accept the theory, it would suggest that the artillery sergeant took his own life by drowning himself after the incident.

    Lieutenant Arvo Vaara, the cavalry officer who led the first aid efforts on the scene of the incident became to be seen as the hero of the day. His actions in Hannila were rewarded with a high military decoration and in early December 1939 he would be promoted to captain.

    ….


    vaara.jpg


    The hero of the day. Lieutenant Arvo Vaara as he appeared in the Helsingin Sanomat on August 19th, 1939.​

    ….

    Prime Minister A.K. Cajander was buried in the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki on Sunday, August 20th. The official state funeral was well-attended, with thousands of people lining the streets from the Helsinki Cathedral to Hietaniemi in the fine sunny late August weather. General Lauri Malmberg's funeral was organized in Helsinki as well, with full military honours. Juho Niukkanen, the Minister of Defence, was buried in his home municipality of Kirvu on the Karelian Isthmus. Urho Kekkonen, the Minister of the Interior, was one of the men carrying his coffin. Kekkonen still walked with a limp, like he would for the rest of his life. General's Walden's funeral was, surprisingly, also a very modest affair, including only the closest family.

    Per Edvin Sköld, the Swedish Minister of Defence, became the first Swedish state official whose dead body was transported on an aircraft home from abroad, to be buried in Swedish soil.[6] General Linder had stayed in Finland for the while, to handle the aftermath of the incident in different ways, and shaken and injured as he still was, he now returned home on the same plane as the late Minister Sköld.

    Field Marshal C.G.E. Mannerheim was brought to Helsinki on August 18th. He would start his long period of convalescence in his Kaivopuisto home. Historians generally agree that in the months after the Hannila incident, Mannerheim suffered from depression, partly brought on by various complications following from the amputation of his right leg from the knee down.

    Even before of the public funerals of Cajander and Malmberg, and the more private ones for Niukkanen and Walden, the damage the Hannila incident had done to the Finnish state leadership had to be repaired. With the president still in a poor condition, and with both the Prime Minister and the Minister of Defence dead, the state leadership was decimated and in sore need of replenishment. On August 10th, Eljas Erkko, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, assumed the position of Acting Prime Minister for the time being, after consulting with the surviving members of the cabinet and the leaders of the parties in the ruling coalition. But more would need to be done. The immediate response of the Finnish government, such as it was, was to call the parliament to Helsinki by the beginning of the third week of August, to end the summer vacations of the parliamentarians early.

    When the members of the Eduskunta on Monday, August 14th filed into the plenary chamber, there were many views as to what should be done about the situation. While in the early hours of the first meeting after the summer holiday, the mood was suitably somber (following a moment of silence held for those dead in the Hannila incident), it took no time for quite vocal disagreements to break out. Paavo Susitaival, the member of parliament for the Patriotic People's Movement, was the first to call for a special election in the parliament for a president, to be taken on the same week. Susitaival argued that Finland was in an immediate danger of a Soviet invasion while the nation was practically decapitated politically, and that a strong president would be something the nation would need under the circumstances. Susitaival called also for an immediate declaration of a state of war and the mobilization of the military reserves after the special election.

    As the discussions in the Eduskunta continued on Tuesday the 15th also other parties started to agree with the special election for a new president. Urho Kekkonen himself argued for this on behalf of the Agrarians. As the discussion about the parliament declaring Kallio unable to prosecute the duties of the President of the Republic and choosing a new president according to an expedited procedure, a note was brought to the Social Democratic speaker of parliament, Väinö Hakkila.

    What the small piece of paper said was that just an hour earlier, President Kyösti Kallio had regained consciousness in the hospital and according to the doctors attending him now appeared quite lucid.

    ….

    hautaus.jpg


    The burial of Juho Niukkanen, as depicted in Karjala, the main daily newspaper appearing in Viipuri, on August 21st, 1939.

    Urho Kekkonen is the first pallbearer on the right.​




    ...

    Notes:

    [1] Sylvi-myrsky.

    [2] Hannilan laukaukset. Hannila is a village in the municipality of Antrea, some 20 km north from Viipuri.

    [3] Rudolf Walden was the founder and main owner of the Yhtyneet Paperitehtaat Oy (United Paper Mills Inc.), a major Finnish industrial concern created in 1920. Together with Gösta Serlachius of the G.A. Serlachius company, he was also a leading member of the Finnish Paper Mills' Association, a de facto cartel dominating the Finnish interwar forestry sector. In terms of his military and defence policy role, Walden was seen as C.G.E. Mannerheim's closest collaborator in the National Defence Council.

    [4] The exercise HQ was located in the Heinjoki municipality, roughly 10 kilometers south from Hannila.

    [5] The storm having cut electricity for the while.

    [6] The AB Aerotransport Junkers Ju 52 carrying Sköld's remains landed in Stockholm's Bromma airfield on August 13th.





    To Be Continued...
     
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    Sixteen: September 2009


  • Sixteen: September 2009


    The young woman sat on the train, looking out the window. The central parts of Helsinki were behind her now, and on the right side of the track she could see old concrete tower blocks, slowly crumbling away and in their old age reaching out for the overcast September sky. The general colours were grey, and peeling pink and light blue.

    Billboards of advertisements framed the tracks in parts, blocking much of the view. The woman noticed many of the same ads and logos she had seen at the airport and the central railway station, but there were new ones as well. Car ads by Peugeot and Renault, cosmetics and lingerie ads with ubiquitous smiling blondes, Ericsson phone ads (”Connecting the North. Ericsson.”). Further away from the city centre, one ad kept repeating: a professional-looking woman in her forties, in a business suit and glasses, standing in front of rows and rows of computer equipment, accompanied with an angular, futuristic logo. The caption on the billboard said ”Massive Information – Massive Improvements.”

    Inside, the train carriage was newish but already somewhat rundown. The info screen that was supposed to show the next stations was not working, and for obvious reasons: it appeared someone had punched it with some force. On the side wall, the cheery green logo text ”H-RATA” for the train company had be turned with a red permanent marker into the sentence ”mun on pakko HuoRATA”, the meaning of which the woman wondered.

    Without the info screen in a working condition, the woman almost missed her stop. At the last moment, she squeezed out of the train to find herself on the Leppävaara station. It was a concrete affair, adorned with yet more big billboards, with some of those small kiosks and vending machines in evidence. The woman took off towards a random exit, and then in a minute found herself out on a small square. She was surrounded by a collection of older and newish buildings, some of which housed hairdressers, second-hand shops, small grocers and a couple of bars. In the centre of the square was an old empty plinth on which the woman assumed had stood a statue sometime in the past. Now, she saw a sign, in Finnish and English, telling her that she had apparently arrived to ”Fatherland Square”.[1]

    Next to to the empty plinth, a small knot of idle youngsters was listening to music from a derelict-looking boom box. They glanced towards the woman but didn't take any real interest into her. They were more interested in a grey jeep that cruised past the square right then, with a prominent ”S” logo on its doors. The jeep was occupied by two men in grey uniforms and it flashed its lights to the youth, one of whom flipped it the bird.

    Digging a tourist map of the Greater Helsinki area out of her bag, the young woman started putting together a path towards her destination. It was happily just a few blocks away – walking alone, lost in her thoughts, wondering if there would be rain, she was suddenly confronted by a big open lot of land, the landscaping of which was far from completed. In the middle of it stood an impressively big pile of a building, a modern thing the outer shell of which made out of acid-treated steel to give the impression of old, rusted steel surfaces.

    The woman entered the spacious hallway, past a security guard in a somewhat old-fashioned grey uniform at the door. There were coat racks and lockable lockers on the right and apparently a cafeteria on the left. To the front of her, stood a long desk with four separate counters for visitors, two of which were occupied by members of staff. On the wall, there was the logo of the Finnish National Archival System, SKA. Below it, the woman noticed a familiar jagged S and T symbol.

    Good morning, how can I help you?”, a humourless-looking woman in a colourful blouse asked the woman as she sat down in front of the counter at the right end of the long desk.

    My name is Nora Farrah”, Nora said in English, ”and I am here in hopes of being able to go through Second World War era documents about my relatives in Finland.”

    The woman just nodded.

    Your ID, please.”

    Nora handed over her passport, which the woman put under a scanner and then perused the text on the screen.

    Have you completed and filed a VL101 form at the Archival System main office?”

    Damn. What with the taxi accident, the young woman had forgotten all about that.

    Sorry, no. I haven't had the time yet. I came straight here as I read somewhere that this is where the relevant files are kept at.”

    The woman in the colourful blouse looked at her mournfully.

    Then I can't really help you. You need to fill the VL101 first for access. Without it, we can't let you order any files on your own, or use a research station here.”

    Nora felt disappointed and a little angry.

    Please. I have come all the way from the United States. Surely I could fill the form here and wait for it to be accepted?”

    The woman shook her head.

    That's not how it works. All access permits go through the main office. There's really nothing I can do here before you go back to Rauhankatu and get the access permit worked out”, the woman said, shrugging.

    The woman could feel something in the clerk's demeanor that she liked how she could use what little authority she had to make her life more difficult.

    All right”, Nora said, ”if you can't help me, maybe someone else can? Can I maybe talk to your supervisor about this?”

    The look on the female clerk's face turned colder.

    My supervisor's not available right now”, she said, in a cool voice, ”and besides, he does not deal with these kinds of things – he's a very busy man.”

    Nora leaned closer to the woman.

    Could you call him, anyway? I'd like to talk with someone who can help me.”

    The young woman could now see that the clerk was getting annoyed with her.

    Please, you have to understand that...”

    Right then, an older man in corduroy pants and a blue sweater walked past the desk, apparently en route to the staff area. There was a staff ID card hanging around his neck.

    The clerk looked at the man.

    Jyri.”

    As the man turned at the clerk, she said something to him in Finnish, nodding at Nora. The man, Jyri, took a sort of pained look at her and appeared to sigh. Then he nodded.

    This is one of our researchers, he can talk to you for a moment.”

    The man held out his hand to Nora. He was in his sixties, and slightly overweight. His hair was almost white, and he had an impressive full white beard. Nora had immediately thought about Santa Claus upon seeing him.

    Rantanen”, the man said, shaking her hand.

    Follow me.”

    Nora did that, walking after the man along a long corridor. In here, it was even more obvious that the building was brand new. There were electricians here in blue overalls doing some wiring work. Looking out through an open doorway to the left, Nora could see racks of computer equipment with blinking green and yellow lights. A technician in a white coat stood there, fiddling with a laptop.

    On his white coat, he had the jagged S and T logo.

    Systek, said the text below it.


    Rantanen led Nora to what apparently was his office. It was a newish room, with a large desk and some bookshelves. Despite its newness, the room was overflowing with folders, files and books. The bookshelves were full of them, and so was the work desk. Looking slightly apologetic, Rantanen picked up a bunch of folders from the chair in front of the desk, and without anywhere else to put them, gingerly placed the teetering pile next to his desk.

    He nodded towards the chair.

    Please, sit down.”

    The man took a seat himself, and then looked at Nora with eyes she thought reflected tiredness as well as genuine compassion.

    So you are here to find out about your family, eh?”

    It turned out that Jyri Rantanen was a researcher and administrator working with the National Archival System, and that he was currently engaged in getting the new Leppävaara Unit up and running. Apparently, the Unit had only opened last year, and the transfer of files and materials from the old archive was still a work in progress.

    It's several archives, in fact”, the bearded man told her, ”now concentrated here and digitized. Massive Information, you know?”

    MassInfo was the recent buzzword in information management. Several companies were at it around the world, the management and utilization of great amounts of data for various purposes not possible before recent advances in computing and programming. And practical access to the data of millions of people, of course.

    Everything we have will be digitized. For easy access and searchability, you see. To better serve the public, they say. It is a massive undertaking, and we have hundreds of people around the country just using scanners and working in information input.”

    Nora did not understand.

    You do this for better access, and yet you have this – pardon my French, now – bullshit system where I can't access to files right here but would have to go bodily to another unit of the System?”

    Ah”, the man said, scratching his head, ”that is partly tradition – but it is also connected with the partnership the Archival System has with Systek. They are building much of the new archival system for us, you see, in public-private partnership like it is called. But for their support for this work, they also get some benefits. As a matter of fact...”

    The man suddenly went quiet, as if realizing he might be saying too much. He glanced out of the open door into the gleaming new hallway. Then he smiled a sheepish smile.

    I shouldn't say any more about that. Let's talk about you instead. What is it exactly that you'd like to find out in our files?”

    Nora Farrah laid out her plans to this rotund, bearded man who somehow felt like the most reliable person she had met in Finland so far. The man nodded and took notes. He then got up, pulled a couple of books off the bookshelf to his right and consulted them.

    Then he looked up and smiled.

    I think I can help you. But you need to give me a couple of days. And then I think we should meet off-campus, as it were.”

    The man glanced again to the corridor, and only now Nora realized that there was a row of discreet domes for security cameras running across its length.




    Out in the parking lot by the big, rust-coloured building, two men in suits sat in a car. The younger one of them kept his eyes on the entrance of the building while the older one was reading a newspaper. He then folded up the Uusin Suomi[2] and reached for a big bag of candy.

    Why exactly are we keeping an eye on this girl, anyway?”, he asked his partner, a traditionally handsome man in a severe coal-grey suit.

    You don't need to know that”, he said, ”we're just following orders. I'm sure the boss has good reasons for the surveillance.”

    The older man munched on some Nami-Mättö licourice candy, swallowed and grimaced.

    You're no fun at all, you know that, Jänö?”

    ...


    Notes:

    [1] Isänmaanaukio.

    [2] ”Newest Finland”.

    ...

    To Be Continued
     
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    Seventeen: Monsters

  • Seventeen: Monsters





    Otto

    It was as he had long feared. Three stone-faced NKVD men with their blue-topped caps stood outside his door.

    ”Comrade Kuusinen, it's time.”

    Looking at the NKVD officer with a resigned look on his face, Otto Wille Kuusinen just nodded and reached for his overcoat and hat in the foyer. He glanced to his right, to see his live-in lover, Marina Amiragova, stand there in the doorway, half-dressed, clutching a teacup in her hand.

    They had been in the middle of their breakfast.

    ”Go back to the kitchen, Marina”, Kuusinen said, but she just stood there, staring.

    Kuusinen's wife had been arrested in 1938. He had been living with Marina since.

    The NKVD officer looked at Kuusinen meaningfully, and the sort of elfin-looking slight man walked out of the door with his shoulders hunched.

    Behind him, Kuusinen could hear a teacup shattering on the floor.

    Out on the street, a dark sedan stood waiting, with a driver. The NKVD men stuffed Kuusinen to the back seat and two of them sat on his both sides, with the officer taking the seat next to the driver.

    Nobody spoke as the car took off into the morning traffic, leaving the Moscow suburbs towards the centre of the Soviet capital.

    After a minute, a sudden panic grabbed Kuusinen. A cold sweat started rising on his forehead.

    ”You're taking me to Lubyanka, aren't you?”, he said weakly, getting no answer from the four men in the car, smelling of makhorka and sweat. Kuusinen suspected he himself smelled like fear.

    They say the NKVD can smell fear, after all.

    There was no answer.

    ”I am the Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Comintern, you know”, Kuusinen said and then immediately realized how hollow his attempt at special pleading sounded. The NKVD personnel served at the pleasure of Comrade Stalin – like anyone else working for the Soviet state apparatus did. These men were not concerned with the positions of lesser comrades, no matter how fancy their titles were. They were just carrying out their orders.

    Clutching his knees with white knuckles as the car pulled into the Garden Ring, Kuusinen was painfully aware that they were now only some blocks from the feared headquarters of the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs. To be honest, Kuusinen had already hoped that after Yezhov was reassigned from his post at the head of the okhrana, the position of himself and those few other Finnish emigres that had escaped the purges so far would become easier.

    Little did he know, then.

    In a minute the car rolled through the Meshchansky District and by and by then arrived at the Lubyanka Square. As the driver slowed down, the Finnish Communist looked up to the pile of a Tsarist-era building some said they were just about to start expanding to accommodate the ever-growing role of the state security apparatus in the Soviet Workers' State.

    Just as Kuusinen started preparing for the car to pull into the Lubyanka building itself, the driver suddenly accelerated again and started taking the vehicle into another direction.

    Kuusinen felt confused. What were they trying to pull now?

    After a while, though, he started feeling a steely sort of relief. Slowly he realized where they were actually going.

    When the car finally pulled up at the Kremlin, Kuusinen was sweating heavily, now out of pure, unadulterated relief.

    After the customary walk through the corridors, the man was led directly into the heart of the Kremlin. Escorted by a guard into the General Secretary's office. As the serious young man with a square jaw closed the door behind him, Kuusinen gingerly walked on, towards the two men in the front of the room.

    Josef Stalin was consulting some papers. He puffed on his pipe thoughtfully as he did so, with another man hovering next to him.

    Vyacheslav Molotov, Stalin's loyal retainer, was first of the two to look at Kuusinen as he approached. After a few seconds, the Soviet leader also appeared to notice his arrival.

    ”Ah, Comrade Kuusinen”, Generalissimus Stalin said, raising his bushy eyebrows.

    ”What took you so long? Been seeing the sights of Moscow this fine morning, have you, comrade? It is a glorious August morning out there to be sure.”

    Only now that Stalin said it, Otto Wille Kuusinen realized what a delightful morning it was outside. It had been raining the night before, but the morning had risen bright and crisp. For some reason, any musings about the Moscow weather today had not had any space in his thoughts by now.

    ”Good morning, Comrade General Secretary”, Kuusinen said, nodding, ”Yes, I took a little drive through central Moscow just now. Very, ah, invigorating.”

    He made eye contact with the other man, too, to acknowledge him as well.

    ”Comrade Molotov”, he said, nodding.

    Stalin smiled to him genially.

    ”It does make one happy to be alive, doesn't it, to see a morning like this one unfold? Do take a seat, comrade”, he said, pointing with his pipe.

    It appeared very much so that Josef Stalin was in high spirits this morning.

    The man pushed aside some of the papers on the table and fixed his gaze on the Finn.

    ”No beating around the bush, comrade Kuusinen – there is a reason I called you here today.”

    He paused, as if gathering his thoughts.

    ”You must have heard the news from Finland, right? A frightful accident has claimed the lives of several members of their government, and left several others maimed, perhaps for life.”

    Kuusinen nodded.

    ”Yes, I've heard of it. With some of them, like Mannerheim, some could call it poetic justice.”

    Stalin looked at him with a scolding look on his face.

    ”Now, now, comrade. We wouldn't want to hope for people to lose body parts to errant artillery fire, would we? Are we monsters, Otto Wilhelmovich? No, we are not.”

    Stalin paused to suck on his pipe.

    ”This... accident... however – it gives us an opportunity and an opening. I do believe we need to push our advantage in terms of Finland. Comrade, you are to reach out to all your contacts in Finland at once and help us get an understanding of the situation on the ground. As of late, the Finns have been quite... recalcitrant towards some of the things we have been suggesting to them. It is to be hoped that under these new circumstances, they would prove more... understanding towards the views of the USSR.”

    Kuusinen nodded, thoughtfully.

    ”I will do that, certainly. The situation in Finland appears quite chaotic, to be honest. It is certain that it could all work to our advantage.”

    Again, Stalin smiled.

    ”Indeed. Several things are happening on that front, stand assured. Once we have our matters concluded with the European powers, once we have our foreign relations in order, we can afford to take an interest into our own backyard as well. And do some weeding and pest control, perhaps.”

    Kuusinen looked at Molotov who had by now said nothing.

    Now the man seemed to be chuckling. Stalin glanced at him and then looked back at Kuusinen.

    ”Comrade, a piece of advice: one of these days, you might find yourself with new responsibilities – perhaps an entirely new position, what? If I was you, I'd start making arrangements for that.”

    Stalin suddenly stood up, gathering a pile of papers into his hands.

    ”That's it, for now. I have pressing matters to attend to, with Vyacheslav Mikhailovich here”, he said, nodding to the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs.

    "Finland, comrade Kuusinen. Get to it, and don't let me detain you.”

    As Stalin turned away, Otto Wille Kuusinen understood that it was his que to leave.

    Minutes later, Kuusinen again found himself on the streets of Moscow, with the sun shining from a cloudless sky. The Finnish Communist took a deep breath, filling his lungs with the for once fresh and high-oxygen Moscow morning air.

    Only now he did truly realize what a wonderful day it was.




    Shout, shout for joy!

    Shout, shout for freedom

    And shout, shout for happiness.

    And you can leave with a smile on your face.

    Shout, shout for joy!

    Shout, shout for freedom

    And shout, shout for happiness!

    And you can go on on lying

    Or you can know the truth.






    To Be Continued
     
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    Eighteen: Veli, Sisko and Arvo

  • Eighteen: Veli, Sisko and Arvo





    Veli

    Veli Vaara felt tired, hot and dirty as he walked home with his younger brother. The harvest bee [1] had been at the Keinänen farm today, and he had worked the whole day under the hot sun, first cutting wheat with a sickle, then operating the threshing machine with Jalo Keinänen, the farmer himself.

    ”Thank you again, Veli”, Keinänen had said as the younger man was leaving, with his brother some of the last villagers to do so.

    ”Don't mention it”, Veli said, ”you already helped at Vaarala last week, so we're even now.”

    Keinänen smiled.

    ”Even and even. Your Jorma did a lot of work this time around, he's already a man grown isn't he? Fancy the time passing so fast.”

    Veli glanced towards the barn to see his brother Jorma, turning 18 next year, talking to a couple of the Keinänen boys, younger than him.

    ”Say that again. But then he'll be leaving for the army next fall, so then we'll again be one short.”

    Keinänen, dirty, sweaty and already a bit weary himself, scratched his head.

    ”Oh, I had forgotten that. The Vaara family's really going all out to support the military, isn't it?”

    Arvo's role in the relief effort for the artillery accident near Viipuri was the talk of the town. Some already called him ”the man who saved Mannerheim's life”. Veli did not really know how to take it all, and it appeared to him his father was having similar problems.

    ”I guess so”, Veli just answered to the man who was known as a good farmer and for his prodigious ability to father sons. Seven sons he had, and not one daughter. It was a common joke in Hirvilahti[2] that one of these days, Jalo's sons would marry all the girls in the village, and they would have to rename Hirvilahti into Keinälä.

    ”Isn't your Mikko turning 18, too, next year?”

    ”That's true. But then I have reserves, don't I?”, Jalo Keinänen said, smiling and winking, ”I can afford to send one of my boys to be dressed in military grey, with no major shortfall in workforce.”

    Veli rather liked the man. He was decent, and a hard worker. And then he had the presence of mind not to borrow money from Salomo Vaara. It made it much easier for Veli to deal with Keinänen, not to have the shadow of financial affairs hanging over their dealings like he did with several other men in the village.

    Keinänen was also one of the farmers in the village who had been only lightly hit by the Sylvi storm. Several farms had lost a lot of their crops in just a matter of hours. Vaarala itself was hit hard, too.

    That made things wrought between Veli and his father. Well, more wrought, that is.

    ”What are you thinking?”, Jorma asked, rousing Veli from his thoughts.

    ”Oh, nothing”, the older brother said, looking beside him.

    ”How's your hand, by the way?”

    Jorma had hurt himself starting the agricultural engine to run the thresher. It wasn't bad, but it appeared the event had hurt the young man's pride a bit.

    ”It's fine, stop asking about it”, Jorma said, sullen.

    ”Let Mum look at the wound in the evening, we don't want it to get infected now.”

    Jorma kept his eyes on the road as he walked on.

    ”Yeah. I'll do that.”

    Veli glanced at his grumpy little brother and smiled.

    Life's hard, isn't it?

    Passing by the Kerman farm to the left, only a little way to go to Vaarala, Veli let his eyes wander to the neighbour's fields. To his surprise, he suddenly realized that he was looking at a dark-haired woman walking up the path from the lakeside to the Kerman farmhouse.

    By the looks of it, Emma Kerman was returning from the sauna, her hair still wet and her cheeks red. She didn't look at the two Vaara brothers passing on the road, but appeared to be deep in thought.

    Jorma had noticed her, too. He nudged Veli with his elbow.

    ”A pity we didn't happen to pass by when she was swimming...”

    Veli let his mind wander in that vein. Right then Emma looked directly at him, probably catching a goofy smile on his face. Feeling silly, Veli raised his right hand to the girl.

    Emma just frowned at him.

    ”Go home, boys, and get washed. You're dirty like animals!”[3], she hollered at the Vaara brothers.

    Was there a hint of a smile on her face when she turned away?

    ”She's got a point, you know”, Jorma said to Veli.

    ”The sauna's bound to be ready for us, anyway.”​



    harvest.jpg


    "Miscellanious photos from Finland: Harvest time."

    Photo by Barbara Wright, US Library of Congress Photographic Collection.​


    ...


    Sisko

    Sisko Vaara sat in a table at the Kappeli terrace in the Esplanadi park in central Helsinki, just off the Market Square. In her hand she had a glass of cold white wine.

    This afternoon, the terrace was packed. The weather was fine, and people were trying to get what the could out of the last weeks of summer. People wandered past into the park. The general feeling in the Finnish capital was sort of subdued, though, Sisko Vaara thought.

    For obvious reasons.

    Sisko looked at the man sitting across the table from him. The man was sipping a glass of wine as well, absentmindedly eying the people passing the restaurant.

    There was something in the man Sisko found different from the last time she had seen him.

    Arvo Vaara turned his gaze towards his twin sister and raised his eyebrows.

    ”My brother, the celebrity”, Sisko said, and ironically raised her glass.

    Arvo put on an ”aw, shucks”-face and waved his free hand.

    ”It's not that big a deal.”

    ”Not a big deal?”, Sisko asked, raising her voice, ”they went and put your face in the paper! And you'll get an actual medal tomorrow. It is kind of a big deal, whether you think so or not.”

    The man in a spotless cavalry uniform smiled but said nothing. And that was what was different. Somehow, Sisko thought, her brother now seemed less pointed, less eager with quick comebacks then he used to be.

    Is it because he is finally growing up? Or is it just shock from what he had gone through in Viipuri?

    Arvo was certainly distracted. There was as if a shadow would have landed on him, and he could not shake it off. Sisko had been apprehensive about meeting his brother, due to the argument Arvo and Veli had gotten into back in Vaarala, but then when she brought it up, Arvo had claimed he had already made amends with his brother.

    When would he have had the time?, Sisko wondered.

    The military officer drained his glass and called over a waiter, ordering the same again.

    ”You're putting it away fast today”, Sisko observed. His brother appeared annoyed at the comment.

    ”I've still three days of my leave left before I have to get my sorry behind back to the barracks. I intend to make the best of it, sis. It might be a while before I get to visit Helsinki again, anyway.”

    Sisko Vaara smiled to her brother, and stood up.

    ”You want to see Helsinki? Tell you what, brother – there's a party at the New Student House, put together by some of the guys at the Savonian Nation. It's starting any moment now. You want to have more to drink? There'll be cheaper drinks there.”

    ”Money's no issue to me, you know that”, Lieutenant Arvo Vaara said, straightening his back, ”but if you really want to show me how you academic people party in this here town, well, I am not going to put up a fight.”

    Arvo stood up and offered his arm to his sister, who grabbed his brother with exaggarated vigor. The two then walked off.

    Some seconds later, the young male waiter arrived with the glass of German white wine, to find the table empty. Annoyed, he took the glass back to the kitchen. He was pissed off for the stunt the young officer had pulled on him, but then he guessed the man was some sort of a celebrity. They had a habit of doing stuff like that.

    And, anyway, it had been a very good-looking couple. That the waiter had to admit, despite everything.

    kappeli.jpg


    "The Kappeli restaurant at the Esplanadi park was a popular summer spot in 1930s Helsinki."

    Photo: The Finnish Military Museum.​






    The old man with a respectable-sized mustache sat in a wheelchair. He didn't like it, but then his doctor had insisted on it.

    Mister President”, the man had said, looking at him gravely, ”I will not have you putting yourself into any unnecessary physical exertion. I will not have your death on my conscience, if I can help it at all.”

    So, he sat in a wheelchair, and the President's Office had assigned a man to push him around in it. The man was a police officer, broad of shoulder and strong as an ox. It made Kyösti Kallio happy that he was also from the Ostrobothnian area like he was. Listening to the man's accent made him feel at home.

    Now, though, the president had no time for idle talk. He was getting a visitor.

    Positioned strategically in the hall, with his aide de camp standing by in the corner should anything be needed. Kallio watched the man enter the room. The presidential chauffeur had brought him over just minutes before.

    It was a younger man than the president was. Well over a decade younger, in fact. The two men had a lot of history, though, having served together in the Eduskunta as early as 1907 – ten years before Finland's independence.

    Sometimes one has to admit to being ancient, Kallio thought as his guest approached him.

    Mister President”, the man said, nodding.

    With the help of his aide de camp and his ”bodyguard”, Kallio stood up from the wheelchair and shook the man's hand.

    Welcome to the Palace”, he said.

    He then sat down, again helped to the wheelchair.

    Together, the small entourage moved to the president's study, where Kallio asked his guest to sit down.

    I trust you know why I asked you to come here”, President Kyösti Kallio said to the younger man, who then nodded to him with serious look on his face.

    I think I do. But then, if you don't mind, I would very much like to hear it from you personally.”

    Kyösti Kallio couldn't blame the man. These were strange days, and there were many rumours going around.

    All right. The long and short of it is that I want you to be the next Prime Minister of Finland. You know that we are in sore lack of one, due to very tragic circumstances, and I would be amiss of my duties as president if I did not appoint a new cabinet as soon as possible."

    Juho Kusti Paasikivi nodded to the President of the Republic.

    I see. And what do the parties say?”

    Kallio smiled.

    The Agrarians and the SDP are ready to support you. I've already assurances of that, I've spoken with Tanner and my own party's leadership. You'll have to talk with the National Coalition yourself, it being your own crowd. But I can't see them opposing you, honestly speaking. The rest is on you.”

    I see”, Paasikivi repeated. Kallio could see the wheels turning inside his head.

    Then, the diplomat looked up and frowned to the man in the wheelchair.

    No perkele”, he said and shook his head.

    It can't be helped. I'll take up the offer, Mister President. So help me God.”

    .

    paasikivi.jpg


    "The new Finnish Prime Minister, J.K. Paasikivi.
    Paasikivi, who just recently worked as the Finnish ambassador to Sweden, will lead a coalition cabinet of his own National Coalition Party, the Agrarians and the Social Democrats."

    Dagens Nyheter, August 22nd, 1939.​

    ....


    Notes:

    [1] Talkoot. Finnish harvest in the 1930s worked through a system of mutual assistance where the villagers helped each other out in turn, to make it possible to have a large-enough workforce at each farm without needing to hire extra workers for the harvest season. The people taking part in the harvest bee did not get paid, but the master of the farm was responsible for providing hearty-enough meals to give them energy to complete a heavy day's work.

    [2] The village's name translates literally into ”Moose Bay”.

    [3] ”Menkee pojat kottiin ja pesulle. Työ ootta likasia ku elukat!”


    ...

    To Be Continued

     
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    SOURCES FROM THE FNAS Vol I. The Second Paasikivi Cabinet

  • SOURCES FROM THE FINNISH NATIONAL ARCHIVAL SYSTEM

    Vol I.


    The Second Paasikivi Cabinet

    Prime Minister: Juho Kusti Paasikivi (National Coalition Party)

    Minister of Foreign Affairs: Väinö Voionmaa (Social Democratic Party)

    Minister of Justice: Oskari Lehtonen (National Coalition Party)

    Minister of the Interior: Mauno Pekkala (Social Democratic Party)

    Second Minister of the Interior: Urho Kekkonen (Agrarian League)

    Minister of Defence: Arvi Oksala (National Coalition Party)

    Minister of Finance: Risto Ryti (Progress Party)

    Minister of Education: Uuno Hannula (Agrarian League)

    Minister of Agriculture: Viljami Kalliokoski (Agrarian League)

    Second Minister of Agriculture: Juho Koivisto (Agrarian League)

    Minister of Transport and Public Works: Väinö Salovaara (Social Democratic Party)

    Minister of Trade and Industry: Pekka Heikkinen (Agrarian League)

    Minister of Social Affairs: Karl-August Fagerholm (Social Democratic Party)

    Second Minister of Social Affairs: Oskari Reinikainen (Social Democratic Party)

    Minister of Supply: Rainer von Fieandt (unaffiliated)[1]

    Minister without portfolio: Ernst von Born (Swedish People's Party)[2]


    Comments:

    "President Kyösti Kallio bestowed the responsibility to put together a new Finnish cabinet to J.K. Paasikivi on August 18th, 1939, three days after he had regained consciousness following his stroke and accident in early August. According to extant sources, Kallio arrived to Paasikivi as his first choice after conferring with remaining members of the Cajander cabinet, with the leadership of the major parliamentary parties, and with the chairman of the Defence Council, C.G.E. Mannerheim. In retrospect we can say that Mannerheim's opinion probably had a lot of weight. Per Kallio's own diary notes from August 16th, the wounded Field Marshal counselled the president (via telephone) to choose a "reliable old hand" who could keep his head cool in difficult circumstances. The recent demands by the Soviet Union, and the deterioration of the political situation in Europe were also significant matters in terms of the president's decision...

    ...While the name of the Prime Minister found its way to the press already on the 22nd, the entire composition of the Second Paasikivi Cabinet would only be made public in the afternoon of August 23rd...

    ...The Paasikivi cabinet was made of ministers from most parties in the Eduskunta. The cabinet was in significant ways based on the previous Cajander cabinet, with eight of its ministers having portfolios also in the new cabinet. The biggest change was replacing positions previously held by the Progress Party with the National Coalition Party ministers in the cabinet coalition, a change that raised some bitterness among the Progressives, especially in the wake of Cajander's death. The NCP's Oskari Lehtonen replaced the unaffiliated professional Rautavaara as the Minister of Justice, and the party's Arvi Oksala took Niukkanen's now vacant spot as the Minister of Defence. The Progress Party's Eljas Erkko, for a handful of days the Acting Prime Minister of Finland, relinquished his post as Minister of Foreign Affairs to the SDP's Väinö Voionmaa. The bargain that finally pacified the Progressives, to an extent, was Väinö Tanner's personal decision to relinquish his position as Minister of Finance to the Progress Party's rising star, Risto Ryti, until then the Governor of the Bank of Finland...

    ..In the new cabinet, the position of the Agrarians weakened somewhat. Not only did the party lose Defence, but Urho Kekkonen also lost his position as the Minister of the Interior, due to his campaign against the nationalist right having hurt his political standing. The Ministry of the Interior was taken over by SDP's Mauno Pekkala. In the interest of continuity, though, Kekkonen was kept on as the Second Minister of the Interior. Another sop to the Agrarian leadership was bumping Pekka Heikkinen to the Minister of Trade and Industry to replace SDP's Voionmaa, while Viljami Kalliokoski took Heikkinen's position as the Minister of Agriculture...

    ...All in all, the new cabinet included five Social Democrats, five Agrarians, three National Coalition ministers, one Progressive, one member of the Swedish People's Party and, in time, one unaffiliated professional minister. Only the right-wing Patriotic People's Movement was excluded from the coalition several foreign papers called a "true popular front" in the days after it was first announced..."

    (Comment excerpts from Juuso Kiveliö: Ojasta allikkoon: Cajanderin hallitus ja elokuun kriisi uudessa tarkastelussa [3], Uusin Suomi Kustannusosakeyhtiö, Helsinki, 2006.)

    ...

    hesari2.jpg


    "The situation remains unclear."

    Helsingin Sanomat, page 2, August 21st, 1939.​


    Notes:

    [1] The Ministry of Supply (Kansanhuoltoministeriö, Folkförsörjningsministeriet) would be founded in early September 1939 "to secure the well-being of the population, and to safeguard the economic affairs and the material defence preparedness" of Finland.

    [2] The addition of von Born, the chairman of the Swedish People's Party, as a minister without portfolio was a concession towards the SPP in the interest of national unity.

    [3] ”Out of the Frying Pan and Into the Fire: A new look into the Cajander cabinet and the August Crisis”.

    ...


    To Be Continued
     
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