for her until now it's the same thing that OTL.
But i still didn't forget her, Alphonse V of Portugal is still his husband and he's in France to try to gain support, so the future Portugal is linked to the battle that will happen in the next chapter between Maximillian and Louis XI, or it will be too late ? (suspense :) )
So the chapter 06 will surely about them or the Castillan succession war.
PS i still didn't mention it but it's one of the reason OTL and in TTL that explain why Castilla and Aragon didn't participate in the Burgundian succession war.
 
for her until now it's the same thing that OTL.
But i still didn't forget her, Alphonse V of Portugal is still his husband and he's in France to try to gain support, so the future Portugal is linked to the battle that will happen in the next chapter between Maximillian and Louis XI, or it will be too late ? (suspense :) )
So the chapter 06 will surely about them or the Castillan succession war.
PS i still didn't mention it but it's one of the reason OTL and in TTL that explain why Castilla and Aragon didn't participate in the Burgundian succession war.
Just have her also marry Juan, Prince of Asturias to settle the succession problem in castile after the divorce of the Portuguese king with La Beltraneja..if they are defeated..
 
For now i follow the OTL, but all the modification depends of this war, that will happen in the next chapter, i just get some problem to wrote about the battle but I think that i will publish it in the next couple of days.
Louis XI if he win will involved in the Castillan sucession war and we will saw what will happen to La Beltraneja in the chapter 06


 
Chapter 05: Fallen Dream

Alles Erdreich ist Oesterreich untertan

End of July 1477

Localization: Aywaille

aywail10.jpg


aywail10.jpg

source wikipedia, Marco Zanoli (sidonius)
change under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.

Maximilian was livid because in front of him stood a destroyed bridge.

Unfortunately, for him the last day was rainy, the river (or the stream) was difficult to cross and the French army was near his own, the scouts of the two armies had met quite often these last days and it was surely a French expedition that scuttled the bridge.

Now, he needs to find a new path, but it will take some time, if he follow the stream and move towards the north he would approach the French army, and it would be dangerous. However if he tries to move toward the south in the opposite direction, the French will surely cross the river further on the north and it will take many days (maybe weeks) for Maximilian to avoid and circumvent them unfortunately he wasn't enough time.

His plan was quite simple, after his allies distract the two diplomat send by Louis XI he managed to meet with Margaret (the stepmother of Mary) in the Hainaut province to negotiate the wedding unfortunately Mary was too well guarded, he should come in Ghent with an army if he wanted to marry her. Nevertheless seen that some pro-French noble recognized hi, he turn back in Austria to get the help of his father, but sadly for him, Frederic III which was losing all his strongholds in Hungary wasn't able to help him. thankfully he gets the help of Margaret of York that send a promise of wedding and several English nobles sent him a little financial help, thereby allowing him to get the help of Venetian that they were worried about Louis XI. They give him a huge loan to recruit mercenary.

After that, he decided to go in the free palatinate county of Burgundy to get the help of communal militias loyal to Mary of burgundy and concerned about the fact to be annexed by French. They wanted to keep their autonomy, even more many noble that stay loyal to Mary decided to join his side. After forming his army he started to move in north, after having easily received the permission to move through René land, the duke of Lorraine worried by the rise of power of Louis XI and exhausted by the conflicts wanted to see the conflict take place away from its desolated land

On the other side Louis XI, didn't stay without doing anything, a part of the army of Burgundy was sent to Calais in case of an English attack, the rest of them join the army in Picardy to merge with them,

After that fearing to be betrayed, by the Burgundians states and also to gain an advantage in the future, he calls for the lifting of an army through Chancellor Hugonet and Sire d'Humbercourt in Burgundians land, to fight against the invader.

However, only three thousands of Burgundians Communal militias join him, including very few of Holland, Zeeland and not a lot of Flanders, To note the astonishing participation of Ypres, Franc de Burges and Meichelen. (1) in Flanders.

He also gets the help of some powerful noble like the new duke of Brabant, the duke of Clève and the duke of Gueldrian, once the two armies merge together in Flanders, Maximilian was already in Luxembourg, but the French started to move.

To prevent Maximilian from growing too strongly or become a nuisance, they directed against his army, when Maximilian learn the news he dedicate to bypassed them and pass to the east of their armies. The purpose was easy he will go in direction of Liege a great city close of him and when the French armies will be near the city, he will move direction of the east passing the river of Amblève and destroy the bridge. He wanted to force the French forces to make many detour and he will repeat this movement many time, to gain some time because his purpose was to go in some cities and get communal militias to expand his army and Go to Ghant to free the princess and here get the support of burgher in Zeeland, Holland and Flanders.

But Louis Xi didn't agree with his plan and destroyed this bridge now he was blocked. He did not have much time the arrival of some English longbow, militias communal and the mercenaries cost a lot of money in salary and upkeep. He couldn't pay them a very long time, Admittedly he could let them plunder more easily it would work only few weeks and it will make angry the Burgundians, no if he waits too it will be over. He could pay his army for two weeks after it will be not enough. So if he moves away, then bypasses the French again, he would not have time to go in Ghent especially if another troop join them. However he couldn't go in north because he would approach to French troop that could launch an ambush against him. No he should try to defeat the French armies and move towards the north quickly.

The battle of Aywaille was the first and the last battle of the second phase of the Burgundians succession war. It was a disappointing victory for the French army far more numerous that the Maximilian army.

According to some source, the French army was composed of one thousand and five hundred Lances so approximately nine thousand soldier (A lance was composed of a man of arms, a page, a valet, two archers, and a Coutilier.)

Three thousands of Communal militias

Five thousand of francs-archer

Two hundred of Burgundians cavalrymen

Two Artillery bands (composed of a Thirty Artillery cannons ?)

Les "douze paires" Eleven bombards


In the other side the army lead by Maximilian was composed of :

Five hundred of English bowman send by Edward IV

Four hundred of Burgundians cavalry form the countries of par-deça and par-delà

Three thousands of Germans mercenaries lansquenets with pikes

Four thousand and five hundred pikeman Belonging to different the communal militias.


The French army was really far numerous that the Maximilian one, but the French was put in danger by the venality of the francs-archer (2). During the battle between the river and the hill near Aywaille Maximilian show an example of bravery, fighting alongside his soldiers and cancelling the advantage of numbers of the French armies, but patiently Louis XI and his general held their soldiers launched assault after assault to crack enemy lines. Therefore witnessed this situation, Maximilian threw a bait the Burgundians knights broke their formations to escape pushing the franc-archer to chase them unbalancing the formation of French troops (and disbanding one of their wing). Fortunately Louis XI managing to fill the wing with a part of the Lance. In addition, with their number they managed to win, captured Maximilian and to plunder his luggage causing the end of the war.


The battle was disastrous and murderous for the time, almost three thousands of the French troops were killed and it was the same for the opposite side. King Louis XI knowing the financial difficulties of its opponent took profit of this he knew that he could never pay the ransom except for the help of Holy Roman emperor member hitting his prestige and his future authority on them. So Louis XI proposed to let him leave if he signs the Treaty of Aywaille in which he renounced in all his claims and authority on the Burgundy estate, the promise to never wedding with Mary of Burgundy. he would pay a ransom of 50,000 gold crown in the future and the worst he was forced to sign a 10-year non-aggression treaty, recognizing his defeat Maximilian accepted to sign this treaty, ending the war.


(1) According to some contemporary sources this help was a means of assuring their powers by attracting the favors of French royalty, which works rather well if we look at what happened to them afterwards, also Hugonet was Viscount of Ypres that could play a role.

(2) the warriors had the right to ransom their opponent so the Franc-archer coming from Parishes was strongly interested to ransom Burgundians knight famous for their wealth what pushed them to pursue them and therefore disorganizing their army


sorry for the delay i tried to describe the battle but i didn't succeeded :(, in this chapter we see the end of the war and in the next one we will see the outcome and the succession problem in Castilla with La Beltraneja :) now Louis XI will focus on the diplomacy (and will surely not go in war until his death ) and that will cause some changes especially in Italy ;). For you what will be the butterflies in the other countries ?
 
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Chapter 06 : The seeds of betrayal or the birth of an another kind of las Españas

Portrait of Afonso V de Portugal

portra10.png

Source unknown, public domain --> Soerfm

Resume : Called the African, Alfonso V de Portugal is king of Portugal and of the Algarves, allied with Louis XI, he fight to improve his influence in Castilla and defend the interests of his wife Joanna la Beltraneja, however he suffered several setbacks and needs help.


Portrait of Isabel I de Castilla
portra11.png

Source unknown, public domain --> Sir Gawain

Resume : Isabella self-proclaimed Queen of Castile and Leon basing its legitimacy on Guisando's Treaty of the Bulls, her rise to power is strongly disputed and lead to the war of War of the Castilian Succession against Joanna la Beltraneja t the daughter of the former King. Little by little she is extending her control over the kingdom


Portrait of Juana la Beltraneja (Juana de Castilla)
portra12.png

Source : Genealogia dos Reis de Portugal, public domain (British Library) --> RickMorais
Resume : Juana orincess of Asturias, is a claimant to the throne of Castile, she's also the Queen of Portugal as the wife of King Afonso V, her uncle, When Henry died in 1474, even if Isabella succeeded to be crowned she still have supporters triggering a succession war.



When Louis XI returned to Ghent he decided to finalize the betrothal between his son and Mary of Burgundy. The duchess lacked any other option after Maximilian was defeated, and several of her pretenders joined Louis XI's side and her advisors pressured her into accepting the betrothal. It was a great victory for the French king even though Louis Xi was warned by the pope that a wedding would not be seen as valid without his approval.

Later, in the city he will meet with Alfonso king of Portugal , In fact to understand why the Portuguese king was here we need to remember what happened few year ago in 1474 Henry IV king of Castilla died it would have been natural for his daughter, Joanna "la Beltraneja" of Tramara, to inherit of the crown however there were some rumours that she was not the king's daughter, but rather the daughter of Beltrán de la Cueva's (a noble, politician and military Castilian friend with the queen of Castilla) and therefore in 1468 he signed the Treaty of the Bullsof Guisando and agreed that Isabella his half-sister would be his heir. however later Isabella ran away to avoid an wedding with a Castellanoss noble and married her second cousin Ferdinand prince of Aragon this event pushed Henry IV to break the treaty of the Bullsof Guisando and proclaimed Joanne as his legitimate heir, unfortunately for the Joannist (partisan of Joanna) he never truly settled the question of his succession and a civil war would quickly erupt after his death.

This civil war would quickly became international after that Joanna married with Alfonso of Portugal pushing the Portuguese forces on her side, this latter quickly get the support of the French that were rival with Aragon and absolutely wanted to avoid an union between Aragon and Castilla, The Duchy of Burgundy, also at war with France, became Isabella's ally.

On september 1475 Alfonso V signed an alliance treaty with Louis XI of France, with the promise of a new invasion of Navarra, albeit both hoped that this invasion will be more successful that the last one, when the French troops tried to force their way into a strategic city near of the border (Fuentebarría) after this failure Ferdinand took the opportunity to secure his position in the Kingdom, he obtained some Navarrese cities and the right to keep a garrison in Pamplona, lacking of the French back-up during the next years and starting to lose the ground against his opponent Alfonso asked for a truce and travelled in France to ask the Frenchman to launch a new offensive. Alfonso desperately needed the support of the French, his armies lacked of soldiers and Isabelle armies started to raid his border, fortunately for him after the end of the Burgundians crisis Louis XI was free to intervene in the Iberian peninsula

He would dispatch five hundred lances in Portugal to push back the Castellanoss raid and stabilised the border during the winters this help will also reassure the Portuguese, in the same time he will start to prepare an invasion in Navarra they both knew that Leanor of Navarra (sister of Ferdinand of Aragon) regent and general governor of Navarre, was wary of Ferdinand behaviour she held almost no one power and Ferdinand refused to acknowledge his heir Francis Phoebus of Navarra to be the next ruler of the realm, in the past she already asked for a french help against Fedrinand and together they even planned an invasion with the help of Gramont party against Ferdinand of Arangon it would be easy to launch a combined attack and ask him to let Leanor ruled Navarra, here Jean the actual king of Aragon would maybe help his son but he will not intervene in a internal conflict between his family in the same time Ferdinand will be obligated to intervene in the conflict and with less men Isabella of Castile will be in a dire situation it will let Alfonso of Protugal to invade Castilla again.

During the fall and autumn of this period Louis XI and Leanor would prepare their invasion that will start in the earlier spring of 1478, the Gramont party will launch their rebellion in many cities and would agree to help the French troop to supply, the city of Saint-Jean Pied du fort would let the french armies pass through the mountains . Here their armies will rush to Pampelune and would besieged the city, with the help of some communal millitia that will try to open the gate of the cities that was held by the Castellanoss.


Although no announcement was made, Ferdinand quickly suspected the possibility of invasion when he heard that the french armies started their preparation in the south-west of France and his allies in Navarra informed him about a growth of discussion between the party of the Gramont, after few argue with his wife they agreed to prepare a counter attack even if Ferdinand take only a few troop (two thousand), relying on the help of his father the king of Aragon, the English and his allies in Navarra.


The turn of war : spring of 1478

How the French and Castellanos lead the Portuguese to the victory


For many historian the earlier of spring of 1478 was the second turning point of the war, succeeding to change the course of the war, this turning point was not linked to a battle but in a succession of various event that will change the balance of power between both country.

First the arrival of three thousand man in the Portuguese side and the fact that 2000 soldiers leave the Castellanos side, allowed the Portuguese to repulse the Castellanos raid.

Secondly the battle of Guinea strongly strengthened the Portuguese treasure while undermining the Castellanos one. (Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon sent the last year a large Castellanos fleet to Portugal's claimed Mina in the region of the Gulf of Guinea, to attack the Portuguese there and trade with the natives unfortunately for them a Portuguese fleet without much harm to themselves were able to capture the entire Castellanos fleet along with its large cargo of gold)

Thirdly the French help boosted the Portuguese morale allowing Alphonse to get more support of the parliament and helped by with the financial assistance of the french extended his armies

Fourthlyy the politic of centralisation lead by Isabella make a lot of people angry and the former supporter of Jean seeing the evolving of the war started to support here again.



However the French of labelled Joanna like a foreigner and untrustworthy pretender many Castellanos feared a French involvement in their politic, and a large part of the nobles chose to support Isabelle against him.


In the other side during the years of conflict Isabella and Ferdinand played nobles each against others to increase their powers, and managed pretty well. Unfortunately for them without Ferdinand that leave Sevilla to go in Navarra, many noble started to criticized here and asked for more power in the decision arguing that a woman couldn't run alone, threatened and afraid with the rise of the Portuguese threat she became more authoritarian and the first conflict started to happen especially with Medina Sodinia,


Medina Sodina and Ponce of Leon often fighted each other for many reasons one of them was the right of tuna fishing along the Andalusian coast coveted by each of them, when Isabella gave these right to Ponce of Leon, Medina Sodina was really angry. Isabella hated this man with his misbehaviour and tried to submit him many time, humiliated several times by Isabella and seeing that the Portuguese started to win, he leaved Isabella side for the Portuguese one, the introduction of new taxes and the takeover of the country and religious authorities pushed more and more of people in the Portuguese side and in the fall/winter of the same year, Ferdinand of Aragon that started to push back the French/ Navarrese force in the other side of Pyrenean was obliged to concede the control of the kingdom to Leanor of Navarra, in exchange of the expulsion of the French force to allow him and a peace treaty with them and he quickly flee to save Isabella that was threatened more and more, many noble and Bourgeois started to change of side, and a strong armies of 20 000 soldiers planned to besieged Seville, in the spring of 1479.

He managed to come just in time before the siege, his troop and the Aragonese help permitted him to change the balance of power, unfortunately for him, the Portuguese had already looted the surrounding area forcing him to launch the engagement near the city of Monsterio.

The battle of Monsterio was famous because it was described as prince John of Portugal's revenge against Ferdinand. Knowing how desperate the Isabellin and Aragonese forces were, he decided to let them lead the charge, taking advantage of the many rivers to slow down the advances of their opponent. John ordered the armies to halt to avoid the dispersion of Portuguese troops and reinforced many times the central flank that threatened to break down against the Castellanos offensive.

Ferdiand and Isabella were forced to leave the battle with their armies. While the casualties were minimal, the victory was great for the Portugese: Ferdinand and Isabella were forced to abandon the north and center of Castile. During the next month many nobles still loyal to Isabella started to change sides.


Jean of Aragon's death was a dead end for Isabella : without the aragonese forces that had to come back to Aragon since the Catalans had started to rebel, many issues arose for Isabella. Juanistas gained strength and influence with every day that passed. With all her support eventually lost, she was finally betrayed by pierce of Lonce that captured her to hand her to the winner of the war.

It was quite a shock for the Portuguese forces, since they didn't think that they will gain Castile and the Castellanos were pretty happy : if Alphonso made an wedding with jean it would mean that their children will inherit Castile, though his son would stay the pretender to the Portugese throne but not the Castilian one. Unfortunately for them an event will totally change this fact and would lead to the birth of Spain.




Sorry for the late answer, I was really busy these last month, I hope to be more regular for my next updates.
Tank you Illouminous for your proofread
 
Prince John of Portugal got married in 1470

If you want the POD to be changed have Charles the Bold to survive so that there is no urgency to marry off Mary of Burgundy, Mary of Burgundy and Charles VIII can get married on 1483/1484.
 
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Prince John of Portugal got married in 1470

You guessed my hint for the future :D, i know that but I warned that an unfortunate event was going to happen.

If you want the POD to be changed have Charles the Bold to survive so that there is no urgency to marry off Mary of Burgundy, Mary of Burgundy and Charles VIII can get married on 1483/1484.

I already explained that i wanted to avoid too many butterflies, and for now they only talk about betrothal, the wedding will not happen right now (for a lot of reason), but Louis XI would try to have the wedding as quickly as possible. Actually the fact that there is an urgency to marry off Mary of Burgundy with Charles VIII will play a big role in Louis XI policy in the next years.
 
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You guessed my hint for the future :D, i know that but I warned that an unfortunate event was going to happen.



I already explained that i wanted to avoid too many butterflies, and for now they only talk about betrothal, the wedding will not happen right now (for a lot of reason), but Louis XI would try to have the wedding as quickly as possible. Actually the fact that there is an urgency to marry off Mary of Burgundy with Charles VIII will play a big role.
...And he has an elder son which got betrothed and married to isabella of aragon in OTL..
 
Marie of Burgundy is 12 years older than the King of France, we could have the earlier son of Louis the Spider to survive instead for the marriage to happen or for Marie to marry the Duke of Guyenne and bump of the young king Charles due to the duke of Guyenne pulling a Richard III.
Well, the seemingly absurd age differences were not necessarily obstacles to the dynastic marriages. Of course, Charles is only 7 but betrothal can be arranged with a real wedding coming few years later.
 
You guessed my hint for the future :D, i know that but I warned that an unfortunate event was going to happen.



I already explained that i wanted to avoid too many butterflies, and for now they only talk about betrothal, the wedding will not happen right now (for a lot of reason), but Louis XI would try to have the wedding as quickly as possible. Actually the fact that there is an urgency to marry off Mary of Burgundy with Charles VIII will play a big role in Louis XI policy in the next years.
My idea for Maximilian, he can marry Joanna of Portugal instead..she is similar to his own mother, Eleanor in heritage.

And also keep Anne of Beajeu out of court and have Mary play as regent.
 
Chapitre I Return of Burgundian apanage

Louis Xi often asked himself this question. If Charles le Hardi died before him, what should he do ?

But today was a different day, the death of the duke of Burgundy had taken place, and the future of France would be dictated by this choice of his.

During many decades, Louis XI had protected his kingdom from his opponent rival Charles le Téméraire. This fight between the two members of the House of Valois was a conflict between two opposite kinds of rulers. The Duke of Burgundy was a chivalrous monarch and represented feudality. Meanwhile, Louis XI was the king of bourgeois that would inspire Machiavelli and be called the universal spider, or evil genius. In the beginning Louis XI was a turbulent prince, but he was already working in his field and with the time he became more and more patient and even the Milanese admired his talent for diplomacy as he patiently harassed his opponent.

The French king knew that his army, even if it was strong, couldn't really take on the Burgundian Duke alone, but he also knew the weakness of Burgundy, because he had lived some time here when he run away of his father, so he funded Burgundian opponent helped by the Duke's attitude that pissed off many people. Alone le Téméraire fighted day after day against revolts, Swiss, et caetera, and after many battles, tired, the Duke died miserably at the door of the Nancy who was going to offer him the Duchy of Lorraine and the title of King that he always wanted.

But unfortunately for Louis XI, it wasn't over, what will happen ? Charles had one daughter, Marie of Burgundy, that will inherit of all his territory, and he knows that she wants to marry with Habsburg King of the Romans Maximillian, that will thus become Emperor, it would be disastrous, he will lose surely definitively territory in French field, and get a new opponent stronger than before, so he needed to take his territory back with the help of law. Charles le Téméraire, that should have respected the king of France for his territory in France, was never a good vassal, as everybody knew, so he could launch a posthumous process against him and confiscate its land. That would give him casus belli to take back his French territories and get that much stronger to fight the Habsburgs, but he also thought of another idea. If Mary of Burgundy married his son Charles, the two prosperous realms would merge and become a prosperous and stronger kingdom that would not fear any permanent threat, the problem being that Burgundian people and Mary would not accept unless he managed it really well. He could persuade Burgundians to accept his wedding and let them persuade Mary to make the right choice, as along the course of many decades he had learnt, during those decades he had woven its web, which this time crushed his opponent. But it could be more, he could weave his web longer and add the Burgundian possessions in his field by this wedding

But he had to be careful, it could not work, these possession could split apart and France would be threatened again so he should also take back some territories to weaken the duchy of Burgundy in the future and to help with negotiation.

IIRC, condition of the continued Burgundian apanage was transfer by the male line so after Charles' death Louis had all rights to the French parts of his territories. Definitely to the Duchy of Burgundy. Not quite sure about Artois and some other French territories ceded earlier to get Burgundy on the French side during the 100YW. But the Netherlands had been a true prize so the marriage still makes sense from Louis' perspective.
 
Well, the seemingly absurd age differences were not necessarily obstacles to the dynastic marriages. Of course, Charles is only 7 but betrothal can be arranged with a real wedding coming few years later.

Exactly, OTL some dynastic marriages happened with a bigger different of age and for now they only talk about a betrothal, the wedding will not happen before few years.

IIRC, condition of the continued Burgundian apanage was transfer by the male line so after Charles' death Louis had all rights to the French parts of his territories. Definitely to the Duchy of Burgundy. Not quite sure about Artois and some other French territories ceded earlier to get Burgundy on the French side during the 100YW. But the Netherlands had been a true prize so the marriage still makes sense from Louis' perspective.

I don't remember totally, because i wrote the first chapters few month ago, but yeah for some area like the Auxerrois, the Charolais and the Mâconnais, the king could not use this argument but Louis XI could still claim possession of the property of Charles the Bold, on the grounds that he had not fulfilled his oath of vassalage. (Lèse-Majesté) , he used this kind of argument (OTL) during the war of the Burgundian sucession , but it work only for his possession in the french desmene. That's why this marriage is important, not only for the Netherlands but also for the Free-County of Burgundy (really, really wealthy in this period and a strategic place) it will also prevent someone to take this territory and to have a new rival as well as follow his policy of eliminating the other dynasty of de Valois.

My idea for Maximilian, he can marry Joanna of Portugal instead..she is similar to his own mother, Eleanor in heritage.

And also keep Anne of Beajeu out of court and have Mary play as regent.

For Maximillian i thought about an wedding with a Jagellon to secure the anti-Hungarian alliance.

Concerning Anne of Beajeu she will play the role of regent but Mary will play a big role and they will be forced to cooperate, since they have common interests and because of the balance of terror.

Also thanks for your comment and your advice it's really useful :)
 
For Maximillian i thought about an wedding with a Jagellon to secure the anti-Hungarian alliance.

Concerning Anne of Beajeu she will play the role of regent but Mary will play a big role and they will be forced to cooperate, since they have common interests and because of the balance of terror.

Also thanks for your comment and your advice it's really useful :)

Joanna of Portugal will bring no butterflies since OTL she did not marry...Charles VIII also offered to marry Joanna of Portugal ITTL..who is on the same age group as Mary of Burgundy but older.

You can also flip the marriage and betrothal of Anne of Brittany with both the ITTL son of Charles VIII and Edward V vying for her hand.
 
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Joanna of Portugal will bring no butterflies since ITTL she did not marry...Charles VIII also offered to marry Joanna of Portugal ITTL..who is on the same age group as Mary of Burgundy.

Yeah, the problem is that nn 1475 she entered the convent of the Dominican sisters of Aveiro so before the butterfly.
 
Yeah, the problem is that nn 1475 she entered the convent of the Dominican sisters of Aveiro so before the butterfly.
She did not become a nun despite entering a convent and almost married Richard III and was once offered to marry Charles VIII.
 
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