Absolutely, considering that the ComNat is a more cohesive military bloc than the OTL Commonwealth and the LAR has some actual teeth and full multinational participation.
The Union Forever: A TL
- Thread starter Mac Gregor
- Start date
Absolutely, considering that the ComNat is a more cohesive military bloc than the OTL Commonwealth and the LAR has some actual teeth and full multinational participation.
And the ComNat has an weapons acquisition system that is unified across the system, and standardised ammo, equipment, vehicles and training as a result. That's why Australian, Canadian and Malayan/Singaporean weapons are used in the British Army for example.
And the statement the sun never sets on the Commonwealth of Nations still rings true ITTL.
Hmmm, perhaps this will be one of the powder kegs that starts another world war with the TU - Russia would be safe to not go against Germany or its allies, cause they'd be likely to go to war with the TU-backed AAA
I've still been reading this timeline and I'm still really enjoying it. I also enjoying reading about the 2016 election, and I thought it was very interesting.
Keep up the good work! Will there be a 2017 update? How will this timeline end?
Keep up the good work! Will there be a 2017 update? How will this timeline end?
Profile: Maximo Gomez
It's been a while since I've written and posted one of these Union Forever bios, so heres another one. Hopefully, more people will continue to write their own as well.
Máximo Gómez (1836-1910)
Máximo Gómez y Báez was born on November 18, 1836 in Baní, Peravia County, Santo Domingo, which at that time was in Haitian-occupied Santo Domingo. As a teenager in the 1850s, Gomez fought in many battles against the Haitian incursions of Faustin Soulouque. Gomez was then trained as an officer of the Spanish Army at the Zaragoza Military Academy in Zaragoza, Spain. After his training, he arrived in Cuba as a cavalry officer and subsequently fought with the Spanish Army during the Dominican Annexation War (1861–1865). After the defeat of the Spanish invaders, Gomez and his family fled from the Dominican Republic to the Spanish colony of Cuba.
In October of 1868, after the beginning of the Cuban War of Independence, in a somewhat ironic move, Gomez retired from the Spanish Army and defected to the newly established Cuban rebel army. In the subsequent years, Gomez reformed the military tactics and strategy of the Cuban Army. In 1873, after the death of General Ignacio Agramonte y Loynáz, Gomez became head of the military district of Camaguey and its famed Cavalry Corps. During the Spanish-American War (1877-1878) and the American invasion of Cuba, in a controversial move, Gomez and his soldiers defected to the United States Army. Gomez was then officially made a General in the United States Army, seeing Cuba being a part of the United States as preferable to both Spanish rule and an uncertain independence.
After the Spanish-American War ended and the Treaty of Amsterdam was signed on July 25th, 1878, Gomez decided to move back to Santo Domingo, which for nine years had been a territory of the United States of America as the Commonwealth of Santo Domingo. Gomez moved to the eponymous capital city of Santo Domingo. After fifteen months of civilian life, he officially re-enlisted in the United States Army and was appointed to be the head of a United States military base outside of Higüey, Santo Domingo. After several years in the United States Army, Gomez retired in 1890. Two years later, in 1892, Gomez was appointed Governor of the Commonwealth of Santo Domingo by President David B. Hill. Gomez served as Governor of the Commonwealth for a total of twelve years, and his time as governor saw the continued strengthening of ties between Santo Domingo and the continental United States, as well as a continual flow of immigration into Santo Domingo, particularly from Spain, Italy, Portugal, Germany, France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, among other old world nations. On September 23, 1897, while giving a speech in Santo Domingo, Governor Gomez survived an assassination attempt by Alejandro Dávila, a thirty-two year old Dominican nationalist. Gomez was shot twice in the left shoulder and he fully recovered after only a week. Varilla was executed by the United States Army on October 12, 1897. After suffering a severe heart-attack, Gomez retired from the office of Governor on September 1, 1904. He retired to a large villa on the outskirts of his hometown of Baní.
Maximo Gomez died of heart failure in his sleep in the bedroom of his apartment in New York City in the late night hours of December 30, 1910. He was 74 years of age and was staying temporarily in New York City while on a vacation. Some two weeks later, his body was sent back home to Baní. A private funeral was held in his hometown on January 18, 1911. He was then buried in the grounds outside of his villa. In 2010, a statue of Gomez, sculpted by Spanish-born American and New Jersey-based sculptor and artist James Bustamante, was added to the National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol in Washington D.C.
Máximo Gómez (1836-1910)
Máximo Gómez y Báez was born on November 18, 1836 in Baní, Peravia County, Santo Domingo, which at that time was in Haitian-occupied Santo Domingo. As a teenager in the 1850s, Gomez fought in many battles against the Haitian incursions of Faustin Soulouque. Gomez was then trained as an officer of the Spanish Army at the Zaragoza Military Academy in Zaragoza, Spain. After his training, he arrived in Cuba as a cavalry officer and subsequently fought with the Spanish Army during the Dominican Annexation War (1861–1865). After the defeat of the Spanish invaders, Gomez and his family fled from the Dominican Republic to the Spanish colony of Cuba.
In October of 1868, after the beginning of the Cuban War of Independence, in a somewhat ironic move, Gomez retired from the Spanish Army and defected to the newly established Cuban rebel army. In the subsequent years, Gomez reformed the military tactics and strategy of the Cuban Army. In 1873, after the death of General Ignacio Agramonte y Loynáz, Gomez became head of the military district of Camaguey and its famed Cavalry Corps. During the Spanish-American War (1877-1878) and the American invasion of Cuba, in a controversial move, Gomez and his soldiers defected to the United States Army. Gomez was then officially made a General in the United States Army, seeing Cuba being a part of the United States as preferable to both Spanish rule and an uncertain independence.
After the Spanish-American War ended and the Treaty of Amsterdam was signed on July 25th, 1878, Gomez decided to move back to Santo Domingo, which for nine years had been a territory of the United States of America as the Commonwealth of Santo Domingo. Gomez moved to the eponymous capital city of Santo Domingo. After fifteen months of civilian life, he officially re-enlisted in the United States Army and was appointed to be the head of a United States military base outside of Higüey, Santo Domingo. After several years in the United States Army, Gomez retired in 1890. Two years later, in 1892, Gomez was appointed Governor of the Commonwealth of Santo Domingo by President David B. Hill. Gomez served as Governor of the Commonwealth for a total of twelve years, and his time as governor saw the continued strengthening of ties between Santo Domingo and the continental United States, as well as a continual flow of immigration into Santo Domingo, particularly from Spain, Italy, Portugal, Germany, France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, among other old world nations. On September 23, 1897, while giving a speech in Santo Domingo, Governor Gomez survived an assassination attempt by Alejandro Dávila, a thirty-two year old Dominican nationalist. Gomez was shot twice in the left shoulder and he fully recovered after only a week. Varilla was executed by the United States Army on October 12, 1897. After suffering a severe heart-attack, Gomez retired from the office of Governor on September 1, 1904. He retired to a large villa on the outskirts of his hometown of Baní.
Maximo Gomez died of heart failure in his sleep in the bedroom of his apartment in New York City in the late night hours of December 30, 1910. He was 74 years of age and was staying temporarily in New York City while on a vacation. Some two weeks later, his body was sent back home to Baní. A private funeral was held in his hometown on January 18, 1911. He was then buried in the grounds outside of his villa. In 2010, a statue of Gomez, sculpted by Spanish-born American and New Jersey-based sculptor and artist James Bustamante, was added to the National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol in Washington D.C.
Last edited:
Profile: Sidney Hoskins
Sidney Hoskins (1870-1938)
Sidney Hoskins was born on June 6, 1870 in Geelong in the Australian colony of Victoria, the son of English immigrants. In 1876, seeking new opportunities, the family moved into the suburbs of Melbourne. Hoskins attended Benalla College from 1884 to 1891. After his graduation, he studied law at Oxford University in England. He then moved to Sydney and practiced law for over a decade from 1895 to 1907. In 1907, the politically interested Hoskins joined the right-wing Protectionist Party and ran for a seat in the Australian parliament from the Division of Wentworth, but eventually lost to the Scottish-born Liberal candidate and future Premier of New South Wales Ross Kincaid (1866-1965).
In 1908, after Prime Minister Alfred Deakin (1856-1918) lost the 1908 federal election, the Protectionist Party disbanded and thus new right-wing political parties were established in Australia. Hoskins ended up joining one of these new political parties, this party being the Australian Conservative Party, a center-right political party dedicated to classical liberalism, economic nationalism, fiscal conservatism and a moderate form of Australian nationalism. After Australia’s participation in the Great War, which Hoskins staunchly supported, he was finally elected to parliament from the Division of Wentworth during the federal election of 1911. In the subsequent years, Hoskins experienced a meteoric rise in the small yet burgeoning Australian Conservative Party. In 1915, he was narrowly elected to be the new leader of the aforementioned political party.
In 1918, the various Australian right-wing parties and movements united into the Australian United Conservative Party in an effort to defeat the Liberal Prime Minister Billy Hughes (1862-1950) in the next federal election. That same year, Hoskins was elected to be the first leader of the new center-right AUCP. In 1921, Prime Minister Billy Hughes lost that year’s federal election to Stanley Hoskins and the AUCP. As a result, Hughes was booted out of office after twelve years of power and Hoskins became the first Prime Minister of Australia to be a member of the AUCP.
Hoskins’ time as Prime Minister was marked by increased immigration from Europe, a strengthening of ties with the mother country of Great Britain and the other British dominions, the establishment of programs to help Great War veterans, the moving of the Australian capital from Melbourne to Albury in 1923, the establishment of new airports and factories, the establishment of the Australian Federal Police in 1924, various labor strikes, among other things.
In regards to immigration, while Australia continued to favor immigration from Great Britain and Ireland, the sparsely populated nation began to accept more and more continental European immigrants. Most of these were impoverished Great War refugees from France, Germany, Austria and the Low Countries and to a lesser extent Italy, Greece and Eastern Europe, as well as French refugees from Indochina and the Pacific and French and Spanish refugees from the Philippines.
Hoskins was also deeply committed to the unity of the British Empire. Hoskins meet with King Victor (1864-1953) at the London Olympics of 1922, and the two got along very well and in subsequent years had a long and storied correspondence. In 1925, Prime Minster Hoskins welcomed George, Prince of Wales and the new Governor-General Robert Baden-Powell (1857-1935) with a massive parade and days of celebrations in Albury. He met with both men and got along with them very well. At a speech he gave when the prince arrived in Albury, Hoskins stated that “Great Britain and Australia shall always be united, through culture, through blood, through monarchy, through God, through diplomacy, through alliance and through military might. Great Britain is our mother country. It is to her that we graciously thank and owe our very existence on this otherwise remote, distant and inhospitable continent in the South Seas, and whatever may come our ties shall be as unbreakable as the Gordan Knot.”
Throughout 1926 and 1927, a number of labor strikes, such as the Queensland Coal Miners’ Strike of 1926 and the Dock Workers’ Strike of 1927, broke out throughout Australia. While all of these strikes were eventually resolved rather amicably between the unions and the government, the Hoskins government was blamed for handling the strikes rather poorly at times, such as when Australian soldiers fired on striking workers, many of whom were members of the Australian Communist Party, outside of the Jellinbah Coal Mine in Queensland on September 12, 1926, after one protestor allegedly struck a soldier with a rock. Fourteen people were killed and the incident was a massive embarrassment for Hoskins ministry. Partially as a result of the aforementioned labor strikes and how the government handled said strikes, Hoskins lost the 1928 federal election to the progressive and center-left Federalist Congress of Australia led by Arthur Joseph McCann (1881-1968), who was the first Roman Catholic and Irish-Catholic Prime minister of Australia.
After his electoral defeat, Hoskins moved back to Melbourne and mostly retired from public life. His last public appearance, less than a month before his death, was during the Silver Jubilee celebrations in Melbourne in November of 1938. Several commentators noticed the former premier’s gaunt appearance. Just a few weeks later, Hoskins died of cancer at his home in St. Kilda, Melbourne on December 14, 1938. He was given a state funeral on the orders of Prime Minister Walsh on December 20, 1938. He never married and he had no children, leading many to speculate that he was either asexual or homosexual, though there is no strong evidence for the latter possibility. In 1926, Hoskins told a news reporter from the Sydney Herald; “I can love no woman as much as I love Australia and her people.”
Sidney Hoskins was born on June 6, 1870 in Geelong in the Australian colony of Victoria, the son of English immigrants. In 1876, seeking new opportunities, the family moved into the suburbs of Melbourne. Hoskins attended Benalla College from 1884 to 1891. After his graduation, he studied law at Oxford University in England. He then moved to Sydney and practiced law for over a decade from 1895 to 1907. In 1907, the politically interested Hoskins joined the right-wing Protectionist Party and ran for a seat in the Australian parliament from the Division of Wentworth, but eventually lost to the Scottish-born Liberal candidate and future Premier of New South Wales Ross Kincaid (1866-1965).
In 1908, after Prime Minister Alfred Deakin (1856-1918) lost the 1908 federal election, the Protectionist Party disbanded and thus new right-wing political parties were established in Australia. Hoskins ended up joining one of these new political parties, this party being the Australian Conservative Party, a center-right political party dedicated to classical liberalism, economic nationalism, fiscal conservatism and a moderate form of Australian nationalism. After Australia’s participation in the Great War, which Hoskins staunchly supported, he was finally elected to parliament from the Division of Wentworth during the federal election of 1911. In the subsequent years, Hoskins experienced a meteoric rise in the small yet burgeoning Australian Conservative Party. In 1915, he was narrowly elected to be the new leader of the aforementioned political party.
In 1918, the various Australian right-wing parties and movements united into the Australian United Conservative Party in an effort to defeat the Liberal Prime Minister Billy Hughes (1862-1950) in the next federal election. That same year, Hoskins was elected to be the first leader of the new center-right AUCP. In 1921, Prime Minister Billy Hughes lost that year’s federal election to Stanley Hoskins and the AUCP. As a result, Hughes was booted out of office after twelve years of power and Hoskins became the first Prime Minister of Australia to be a member of the AUCP.
Hoskins’ time as Prime Minister was marked by increased immigration from Europe, a strengthening of ties with the mother country of Great Britain and the other British dominions, the establishment of programs to help Great War veterans, the moving of the Australian capital from Melbourne to Albury in 1923, the establishment of new airports and factories, the establishment of the Australian Federal Police in 1924, various labor strikes, among other things.
In regards to immigration, while Australia continued to favor immigration from Great Britain and Ireland, the sparsely populated nation began to accept more and more continental European immigrants. Most of these were impoverished Great War refugees from France, Germany, Austria and the Low Countries and to a lesser extent Italy, Greece and Eastern Europe, as well as French refugees from Indochina and the Pacific and French and Spanish refugees from the Philippines.
Hoskins was also deeply committed to the unity of the British Empire. Hoskins meet with King Victor (1864-1953) at the London Olympics of 1922, and the two got along very well and in subsequent years had a long and storied correspondence. In 1925, Prime Minster Hoskins welcomed George, Prince of Wales and the new Governor-General Robert Baden-Powell (1857-1935) with a massive parade and days of celebrations in Albury. He met with both men and got along with them very well. At a speech he gave when the prince arrived in Albury, Hoskins stated that “Great Britain and Australia shall always be united, through culture, through blood, through monarchy, through God, through diplomacy, through alliance and through military might. Great Britain is our mother country. It is to her that we graciously thank and owe our very existence on this otherwise remote, distant and inhospitable continent in the South Seas, and whatever may come our ties shall be as unbreakable as the Gordan Knot.”
Throughout 1926 and 1927, a number of labor strikes, such as the Queensland Coal Miners’ Strike of 1926 and the Dock Workers’ Strike of 1927, broke out throughout Australia. While all of these strikes were eventually resolved rather amicably between the unions and the government, the Hoskins government was blamed for handling the strikes rather poorly at times, such as when Australian soldiers fired on striking workers, many of whom were members of the Australian Communist Party, outside of the Jellinbah Coal Mine in Queensland on September 12, 1926, after one protestor allegedly struck a soldier with a rock. Fourteen people were killed and the incident was a massive embarrassment for Hoskins ministry. Partially as a result of the aforementioned labor strikes and how the government handled said strikes, Hoskins lost the 1928 federal election to the progressive and center-left Federalist Congress of Australia led by Arthur Joseph McCann (1881-1968), who was the first Roman Catholic and Irish-Catholic Prime minister of Australia.
After his electoral defeat, Hoskins moved back to Melbourne and mostly retired from public life. His last public appearance, less than a month before his death, was during the Silver Jubilee celebrations in Melbourne in November of 1938. Several commentators noticed the former premier’s gaunt appearance. Just a few weeks later, Hoskins died of cancer at his home in St. Kilda, Melbourne on December 14, 1938. He was given a state funeral on the orders of Prime Minister Walsh on December 20, 1938. He never married and he had no children, leading many to speculate that he was either asexual or homosexual, though there is no strong evidence for the latter possibility. In 1926, Hoskins told a news reporter from the Sydney Herald; “I can love no woman as much as I love Australia and her people.”
Last edited:
Once again, I decided to make my own version of the map of this world in 2017. Please let me know if you like it Mac. Also, please let me know if I made any mistakes.
Last edited:
Profile: Jurcek Krulik
Jurcek Krulik (1897 - 1954)
Jurcek Krulik was born in Laibach, Austria-Hungary (modern day Ljubljana, Slovenia) in 1897 to mid-class worker family. Krulik was already as child pretty science oriented and wasn't ever intrested about religion which annoyed greatly his school religion teacher and family priest. But while he wasn't intrested about religion, Krulik was pretty succesful on other school subjects, speciality on scientist classes. But much more Krulik's childhood is not known. Krulik lost his father on Great War and him had care his mother and younger sister.
Great War and fall of Austro-Hungarian Empire assured him that old system is not viable and society has reform totally. He begun intrest about communism but lost his faith to the ideology after violent events in Hungary in 1916. But this didn't stop him developing something new ideology. In 1923 Krulik graduated from Ljubljana University as society scientist and engineer. Soon Krulik understand how society should be built. He collected his thoughts and some ideas adopted from Karl Marx to book Man and the Technocratic World which was published in 1931. His book got much attention but Slovenian authrities didn't like his radical and anti-religion views and Krulik lost his job in Ljubljana University. But Krulik continued speaking about technocracy and got much popularity. In 1935 he moved to London where was freer enviromenent and there Krulik continued his work for technocracy. He died from pancreatic cancer on 1954. Even in hospital only few weeks before his death Krulik wrote for his ideology and gave his strong opinions for eugenics and euthanasia. Krulik was buried to Highgate Cemetery near of Karl Marx's grave.
Jurcek Krulik was born in Laibach, Austria-Hungary (modern day Ljubljana, Slovenia) in 1897 to mid-class worker family. Krulik was already as child pretty science oriented and wasn't ever intrested about religion which annoyed greatly his school religion teacher and family priest. But while he wasn't intrested about religion, Krulik was pretty succesful on other school subjects, speciality on scientist classes. But much more Krulik's childhood is not known. Krulik lost his father on Great War and him had care his mother and younger sister.
Great War and fall of Austro-Hungarian Empire assured him that old system is not viable and society has reform totally. He begun intrest about communism but lost his faith to the ideology after violent events in Hungary in 1916. But this didn't stop him developing something new ideology. In 1923 Krulik graduated from Ljubljana University as society scientist and engineer. Soon Krulik understand how society should be built. He collected his thoughts and some ideas adopted from Karl Marx to book Man and the Technocratic World which was published in 1931. His book got much attention but Slovenian authrities didn't like his radical and anti-religion views and Krulik lost his job in Ljubljana University. But Krulik continued speaking about technocracy and got much popularity. In 1935 he moved to London where was freer enviromenent and there Krulik continued his work for technocracy. He died from pancreatic cancer on 1954. Even in hospital only few weeks before his death Krulik wrote for his ideology and gave his strong opinions for eugenics and euthanasia. Krulik was buried to Highgate Cemetery near of Karl Marx's grave.
Last edited:
Profile: Heng Jiang
Heng Jiang (1911 - 1990)
Heng Jiang born in Guangzhou in 1911 to less known military family. During his early life in China was civil war and his father served in Republican forces. At age of 20 Heng Jiang, like most of men in his family, went to military academy. Heng remained in service of Chinese army.
Heng Jiang participated as colonel to Second Sino-Japanese War. Defeat of China frustated Heng and he understand that China will need some serious change. He begun search alternatives and finally in London in 1956 he bought Krulik's book Man and the Technocratic World. Soon Heng begun promote technocratic ideology and demand that government must make reforms towards technoratism. But he was mostly ignored altough this didn't affect much for his military career. In 1962 he was promoted to rank of brigadier general. But he wasn't allowed lead troops on Sino-Tibetan War in 1965. Leaders of China begun keep him too dangerous. On November 1965 Heng participated to World Tehcnoracy Congress in Buenos Aires. Leadership of China didn't like that and they ordered Heng to home arrest. But even that didn't stop him creating his own faction and getting allies.
Heng just had wait right moment take power and it became in 1971 when China fell under chaos and midst of power struggle. Heng took quickly Technate faction under his command. In 1972 he was able to win other factions and marched on October 1972 to Peking where he declared Technate of China founded. With principles of Krulikist-Hengism he re-organised government of China and created several directorates which have different missions. Heng became first chief executive of Technate of China. Heng and his government begun reform China. There was massive education reform and government begun to discourage practise of religion as backward and unscientic superstitious. Heng too ordered massive reform and modernisation for army. Heng too ordered creation of nuclear program but China detonated its first nuclear in 1980, few months after end of Asian-Pacific War.
Heng wanted make China real great power and defeat old enemy Japan. When Asian-Pacific War begun in 1976 Heng saw this being great possibility for China and ordered several preparations and military deployments to Suouth China. During early weeks of the war Heng begun to create closer relationships with Brits despite very deep ideological differences. On December 1976 he visited in London and he too shortly visited on Jurcek Krulik's grave. Heng wanted join to war against Japan and India but he made clearly that help of China is not free. But finally on Cape Town Conference on February 1977 he was finally able to pressure Brits to his demands. United Kingdom and Portugal had give Hong Kong and Macau to China, accept China taking Hainan and Taiwan and recognise Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Korea as part of Chinese sphere of influence. Almost immediately after Brits and Portugueses accepted these demands, China declared war to Calcutta Compact. China was able to fulfil its goals. China got these territories what it demanded and expand its sphere of influence. Heng had showed to world that China is not anymore backward and weak nation. It was now clearly real Asian power.
Victory over Japan too strenghtened power of Technocratic regime and Heng was able to use that on propaganda. On 1980's Heng continued promoting his technocratic views. On that decade relationships between China and other powers begun worsening, speciality with Commonwealth nations, IEF and USA. Heng Jiang leaded China always until his death. He died onto his office deck on 1990 at age of 79. He was cremated and ash was scattered to Yangtse River.
During Heng Jiang's regime China became from agraric poor nation to Asian great power with highly advanced technology and military forces with nuclear weapon. Education increased and society modernised. But in contrast for all this development human right situation and status of democracy were bad. All democratic organs were abolished, no freedom of speech or free media. China had became fully totalitarian nation. Religions are too very limited. And death penalty is too used commonly and trials are sometimes pretty political and not very fair.
Heng Jiang born in Guangzhou in 1911 to less known military family. During his early life in China was civil war and his father served in Republican forces. At age of 20 Heng Jiang, like most of men in his family, went to military academy. Heng remained in service of Chinese army.
Heng Jiang participated as colonel to Second Sino-Japanese War. Defeat of China frustated Heng and he understand that China will need some serious change. He begun search alternatives and finally in London in 1956 he bought Krulik's book Man and the Technocratic World. Soon Heng begun promote technocratic ideology and demand that government must make reforms towards technoratism. But he was mostly ignored altough this didn't affect much for his military career. In 1962 he was promoted to rank of brigadier general. But he wasn't allowed lead troops on Sino-Tibetan War in 1965. Leaders of China begun keep him too dangerous. On November 1965 Heng participated to World Tehcnoracy Congress in Buenos Aires. Leadership of China didn't like that and they ordered Heng to home arrest. But even that didn't stop him creating his own faction and getting allies.
Heng just had wait right moment take power and it became in 1971 when China fell under chaos and midst of power struggle. Heng took quickly Technate faction under his command. In 1972 he was able to win other factions and marched on October 1972 to Peking where he declared Technate of China founded. With principles of Krulikist-Hengism he re-organised government of China and created several directorates which have different missions. Heng became first chief executive of Technate of China. Heng and his government begun reform China. There was massive education reform and government begun to discourage practise of religion as backward and unscientic superstitious. Heng too ordered massive reform and modernisation for army. Heng too ordered creation of nuclear program but China detonated its first nuclear in 1980, few months after end of Asian-Pacific War.
Heng wanted make China real great power and defeat old enemy Japan. When Asian-Pacific War begun in 1976 Heng saw this being great possibility for China and ordered several preparations and military deployments to Suouth China. During early weeks of the war Heng begun to create closer relationships with Brits despite very deep ideological differences. On December 1976 he visited in London and he too shortly visited on Jurcek Krulik's grave. Heng wanted join to war against Japan and India but he made clearly that help of China is not free. But finally on Cape Town Conference on February 1977 he was finally able to pressure Brits to his demands. United Kingdom and Portugal had give Hong Kong and Macau to China, accept China taking Hainan and Taiwan and recognise Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Korea as part of Chinese sphere of influence. Almost immediately after Brits and Portugueses accepted these demands, China declared war to Calcutta Compact. China was able to fulfil its goals. China got these territories what it demanded and expand its sphere of influence. Heng had showed to world that China is not anymore backward and weak nation. It was now clearly real Asian power.
Victory over Japan too strenghtened power of Technocratic regime and Heng was able to use that on propaganda. On 1980's Heng continued promoting his technocratic views. On that decade relationships between China and other powers begun worsening, speciality with Commonwealth nations, IEF and USA. Heng Jiang leaded China always until his death. He died onto his office deck on 1990 at age of 79. He was cremated and ash was scattered to Yangtse River.
During Heng Jiang's regime China became from agraric poor nation to Asian great power with highly advanced technology and military forces with nuclear weapon. Education increased and society modernised. But in contrast for all this development human right situation and status of democracy were bad. All democratic organs were abolished, no freedom of speech or free media. China had became fully totalitarian nation. Religions are too very limited. And death penalty is too used commonly and trials are sometimes pretty political and not very fair.
Last edited:
There is list about persons of this TL whome have biographies. Tell if I forgot someone from list.
Albert I of Belgium
Alfred Dreyfus
Alfred von Tirpitz
Arthur Conan Doyle
Benjamin Harrison
Booker T. Washington and Robert Ford
Carlos Manuel de Cespedes del Castillo
Charles George Gordon
Edwin Anderson
Emmett Scott Drager
Emperor Norton I
Friedrich IV of Germany
Friedrich Nietzche
Gabriel Hanotaux
George V of United Kingdom
George Armstrong Custer and Josefina Guzman
Geronimo
Grover Cleveland, Giovanni Giolitti, and John J. Pershing
Harshad Nanda
Heng Jiang
Henry Morgenthau Sr.
John Sedgwick and Samantha Greenburg
Jonathan Wamsley
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain
Jurcek Krulik
Kendrick Arneson
L. Frank Baum and Michaela Harris
Leonardo Márquez
Leopold III of Belgium
Louis Brandeis
Maximo Gómez
Nicholas II of Russia
Nikola Tesla
Otto von Bismarck and John Wilkes Booth
Paul von Hindenburg and Samuel Tilden
Porfirio Díaz
Robert Gould Shaw
Robert Lincoln Wilcox
Robi Vencel Ignacz
Rutherford B. Hayes and Sitting Bull
Sarah Caron
Sean O'Grady
Sidney Hoskins
Two First Kings of Modern Day Norway
Victor I of United Kingdom
Wilhelm II of Germany
William Howard Taft
William Jennings Bryan
William McKinley
William S. Lincoln
Woodrow Wilson
Albert I of Belgium
Alfred Dreyfus
Alfred von Tirpitz
Arthur Conan Doyle
Benjamin Harrison
Booker T. Washington and Robert Ford
Carlos Manuel de Cespedes del Castillo
Charles George Gordon
Edwin Anderson
Emmett Scott Drager
Emperor Norton I
Friedrich IV of Germany
Friedrich Nietzche
Gabriel Hanotaux
George V of United Kingdom
George Armstrong Custer and Josefina Guzman
Geronimo
Grover Cleveland, Giovanni Giolitti, and John J. Pershing
Harshad Nanda
Heng Jiang
Henry Morgenthau Sr.
John Sedgwick and Samantha Greenburg
Jonathan Wamsley
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain
Jurcek Krulik
Kendrick Arneson
L. Frank Baum and Michaela Harris
Leonardo Márquez
Leopold III of Belgium
Louis Brandeis
Maximo Gómez
Nicholas II of Russia
Nikola Tesla
Otto von Bismarck and John Wilkes Booth
Paul von Hindenburg and Samuel Tilden
Porfirio Díaz
Robert Gould Shaw
Robert Lincoln Wilcox
Robi Vencel Ignacz
Rutherford B. Hayes and Sitting Bull
Sarah Caron
Sean O'Grady
Sidney Hoskins
Two First Kings of Modern Day Norway
Victor I of United Kingdom
Wilhelm II of Germany
William Howard Taft
William Jennings Bryan
William McKinley
William S. Lincoln
Woodrow Wilson
Last edited:
You missed Jonathan Wamsley, the early 2000's Australian PM.
https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/the-union-forever-a-tl.159784/page-285#post-12609631
Profile: William McKinley
William McKinley (1843-1925)
William McKinley Jr. was born on January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio, the seventh child of William McKinley Sr. (1807-1887) and Nancy (née Allison) McKinley (1809–1895), and was of English and Scots-Irish descent. At the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, the eighteen year-old McKinley and his cousin William McKinley Osbourne enlisted in the Poland Guards of Poland, Ohio, which later became a part of the 23rd Ohio Infantry. McKinley served for the duration of the war in the 23rd Ohio Infantry, and he served a part of that time under the mentor-ship of future Republican Congressman Rutherford B. Hayes. The two would be friends until Hayes’ death in 1886. By the end of the war in 1863, the young McKinley had attained the rank of brevet major.
After the end of the war, McKinley decided to study law and he began studying in the office of an attorney in Columbus, Ohio. After attending Albany Law School, McKinley was admitted to the bar in Columbus, Ohio in 1866. In 1870, the overworked McKinley decided to move his law practice in Columbus to the much smaller town of Canton, Ohio. It was in his new home of Canton that McKinley met Ida Saxton, the daughter of a prominent banker. The two married in 1873. McKinley had three children; Robert McKinley (April 1, 1876-September 18, 1962), future Republican congressman, Senator and Governor of Ohio, Caroline McKinley (September 20, 1878-October 9, 1960), a feminist, suffragette and the first female congresswoman and Joseph McKinley (May 20, 1882-June 24, 1970), a journalist and writer. Saxton died of tuberculosis in Amsterdam on August 30, 1904, leaving McKinley depressed for weeks. He never remarried.
During the 1876 election, McKinley ran under the Republican Party for a congressional seat in Ohio. He won his seat and took his seat the following year. However, he decided to resign from his congressional seat later that year so that he could volunteer for service in the Spanish-American War. He was later deployed to Cuba and saw combat at the Siege of Santiago and the Battle of Havana. McKinley was then stationed in San Juan, Puerto Rico for a year and a half from 1878 to 1879. During his time in Cuba and Puerto Rico, McKinley gained a lot of respect and interest in the local people and culture.
McKinley was reelected to his congressional seat in the 1880 election, with McKinley retaking his seat the following year. After eight more years in the House of Representatives, McKinley was elected Republican Governor of Ohio in 1889 and served as Governor of Ohio from 1890 to 1894. In the 1892 presidential election, Governor McKinley was the running-mate of Republican Presidential hopeful and Governor of Maine Thomas Brackett Reed (1839-1903), although they lost the election to incumbent Democratic President David B. Hill (1843-1910). McKinley ran for reelection as governor of Ohio in 1894, but was defeated by the Democratic candidate and former US Army General George Armstrong Custer (1839-1905). In 1895, McKinley was appointed by President David B. Hill to be ambassador to Spain, and this would be the first of many prestigious diplomatic postings. In 1897, he was appointed ambassador to Great Britain. In 1899, he was appointed ambassador to Italy. In 1901, he was appointed ambassador to Switzerland. Finally, in 1903, he was appointed ambassador to the Netherlands.
On November 15, 1904, after the untimely death of 66 year-old Secretary of State John Hay, Ambassador McKinley, a man with a large amount of experience in international relations, was appointed the new Secretary of State by President Robert Todd Lincoln. McKinley would then serve as Secretary of State from 1904 to 1913 and was thus the longest serving US Secretary of State. His time as Secretary of State was quite eventful, as it saw America’s involvement in the Great War, the American annexation of various new territories in the aftermath of the Great War, the Treaty of Brussels and the reconstruction of Post-War Europe, among other events. McKinley was also famous for presenting his “While America Slept” map, a hypothetical (and hyperbolic) map of a Post-War World, to Congress to convince them to vote for America to enter the Great War. He was also famous for proclaiming America’s new territories in the Pacific as “an Empire of Islands.”
In 1913, the 70 year-old William McKinley retired from his position as Secretary of State after the inauguration of President Theodore Roosevelt. After his resignation, McKinley moved back to his old hometown of Canton, Ohio. He then wrote and published his memoirs in 1918. For most of his retirement, aside from Presidential inaugurations, state funerals and other prestigious events, McKinley stayed out of the public eye. After years of having lived a quiet life, William McKinley died of natural causes in his sleep in Canton, Ohio on September 27, 1925 at the age of 82. A private funeral for McKinley was held in Canton, Ohio on October 4, 1925.
William McKinley Jr. was born on January 29, 1843 in Niles, Ohio, the seventh child of William McKinley Sr. (1807-1887) and Nancy (née Allison) McKinley (1809–1895), and was of English and Scots-Irish descent. At the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, the eighteen year-old McKinley and his cousin William McKinley Osbourne enlisted in the Poland Guards of Poland, Ohio, which later became a part of the 23rd Ohio Infantry. McKinley served for the duration of the war in the 23rd Ohio Infantry, and he served a part of that time under the mentor-ship of future Republican Congressman Rutherford B. Hayes. The two would be friends until Hayes’ death in 1886. By the end of the war in 1863, the young McKinley had attained the rank of brevet major.
After the end of the war, McKinley decided to study law and he began studying in the office of an attorney in Columbus, Ohio. After attending Albany Law School, McKinley was admitted to the bar in Columbus, Ohio in 1866. In 1870, the overworked McKinley decided to move his law practice in Columbus to the much smaller town of Canton, Ohio. It was in his new home of Canton that McKinley met Ida Saxton, the daughter of a prominent banker. The two married in 1873. McKinley had three children; Robert McKinley (April 1, 1876-September 18, 1962), future Republican congressman, Senator and Governor of Ohio, Caroline McKinley (September 20, 1878-October 9, 1960), a feminist, suffragette and the first female congresswoman and Joseph McKinley (May 20, 1882-June 24, 1970), a journalist and writer. Saxton died of tuberculosis in Amsterdam on August 30, 1904, leaving McKinley depressed for weeks. He never remarried.
During the 1876 election, McKinley ran under the Republican Party for a congressional seat in Ohio. He won his seat and took his seat the following year. However, he decided to resign from his congressional seat later that year so that he could volunteer for service in the Spanish-American War. He was later deployed to Cuba and saw combat at the Siege of Santiago and the Battle of Havana. McKinley was then stationed in San Juan, Puerto Rico for a year and a half from 1878 to 1879. During his time in Cuba and Puerto Rico, McKinley gained a lot of respect and interest in the local people and culture.
McKinley was reelected to his congressional seat in the 1880 election, with McKinley retaking his seat the following year. After eight more years in the House of Representatives, McKinley was elected Republican Governor of Ohio in 1889 and served as Governor of Ohio from 1890 to 1894. In the 1892 presidential election, Governor McKinley was the running-mate of Republican Presidential hopeful and Governor of Maine Thomas Brackett Reed (1839-1903), although they lost the election to incumbent Democratic President David B. Hill (1843-1910). McKinley ran for reelection as governor of Ohio in 1894, but was defeated by the Democratic candidate and former US Army General George Armstrong Custer (1839-1905). In 1895, McKinley was appointed by President David B. Hill to be ambassador to Spain, and this would be the first of many prestigious diplomatic postings. In 1897, he was appointed ambassador to Great Britain. In 1899, he was appointed ambassador to Italy. In 1901, he was appointed ambassador to Switzerland. Finally, in 1903, he was appointed ambassador to the Netherlands.
On November 15, 1904, after the untimely death of 66 year-old Secretary of State John Hay, Ambassador McKinley, a man with a large amount of experience in international relations, was appointed the new Secretary of State by President Robert Todd Lincoln. McKinley would then serve as Secretary of State from 1904 to 1913 and was thus the longest serving US Secretary of State. His time as Secretary of State was quite eventful, as it saw America’s involvement in the Great War, the American annexation of various new territories in the aftermath of the Great War, the Treaty of Brussels and the reconstruction of Post-War Europe, among other events. McKinley was also famous for presenting his “While America Slept” map, a hypothetical (and hyperbolic) map of a Post-War World, to Congress to convince them to vote for America to enter the Great War. He was also famous for proclaiming America’s new territories in the Pacific as “an Empire of Islands.”
In 1913, the 70 year-old William McKinley retired from his position as Secretary of State after the inauguration of President Theodore Roosevelt. After his resignation, McKinley moved back to his old hometown of Canton, Ohio. He then wrote and published his memoirs in 1918. For most of his retirement, aside from Presidential inaugurations, state funerals and other prestigious events, McKinley stayed out of the public eye. After years of having lived a quiet life, William McKinley died of natural causes in his sleep in Canton, Ohio on September 27, 1925 at the age of 82. A private funeral for McKinley was held in Canton, Ohio on October 4, 1925.
Last edited:
How about bios for :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Hitler
&
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klara_Hitler
They were both born before the PoD. But they married after it, so quite possible they never met.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Hitler
&
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klara_Hitler
They were both born before the PoD. But they married after it, so quite possible they never met.
Profile: Gabriel Hanotaux
Gabriel Hanotaux (1853 - 1944)
Albert Auguste Gabriel Hanotaux was born in Beaurevoir, department of Aisne, Northern France in November 19 1853. He studied history and foreign diplomacy in University of Paris. In 1878 him became secretary in French Foreign Ministry. He rose quickly in the ministry and even emperor Napoleon IV noticed his skills. Already during his early career Hanotaux wrote several essays to magasines where he wrote about history of France and stated that France must take its rightful place on world politics. In 1885 he attended to commission which made close alliance between France and Ottoman Empire.
In 1887 Napoleon IV appointed Hanotaux as minister of foreign affairs. One of his first notable missions was Panama Treaty with Colombia on 1890, which gave for Imperial Isthmus Company full rights over Panama region and so it was able to begin construction of Panama Canal. In 1890's Hanotaux too succesfully negotiated to France large areas from Africa to France and formed closer relationships with Empires of Brazil and Japan.
In 1898 Napoleon IV appointed Hantoaux as ambassador to Vienna. In september 1907 begun Bavarian Crisis and Hanotaux pressured Austrian emperor Maximilian I send troops protect Bavarian monarchy. Relucantlelly the emperor accepted that, altough he was sure that Austria-Hungary would face multifront war. And like history soon showed, this led quickly to Great War and Austria was on war against almost all of its neighbors. In 1908 Entente knocked Italy out and Hanotaux participated to negotiations in Milan where for Italy had given harsh peace terms. But Hanotaux warned Napoleon IV and Maximilian I that there might be new war against Italy on near future, perhaps Italy even re-join to Great War. But his warnings were mostly ignored. In 1909 Hanotaux's correspondence with Napoleon IV in 1891 was revealed. In these letters men were planning new Franco-Austrian world order. Hanotaux was pretty frustrated about that. He knew that this gives great excuse for United Kingdom and United States enter to the war. And soon France noticed being in war against UK and USA. On Spring 1910 Hanotaux saw Austria-Hungary having its last moments so he decided evacuated French embassy through neutral Switzerland to France. On Autumn Hanutaux begun to make evacuation plans for Bonapartes and creating Bonapartist base to soil of friendly Spain. Yet at end of November he tried talk Napoleon IV into fleeing to Madrid but the emperor made clearly that he will not be fleeing and he not surrend to Coalition alive. But he agreed to evucuate his grandson Napoléon Éugene Louis (1906 - 1982) and emperor's daughter-in-law to Madrid.
In December 1 1910 Hanotaux arrived to Madrid. Only two days later he heard news about Napoleon and his heir's deaths. Soon after this he declared Napoleon IV's grandson as claimant for imperial throne as Napoleon V. After the Great War Hanotaux demand that him should be allowed participate to Peace Congress of Brussels but any nation didn't accept his demand and stated that they negotiate with government of the Third French Republic, not represtant of former French Empire. New government of France too stated that Hanotaux and Bonaparte males are not ever allowed return to France. Hanotaux too lost his citizenship. Hanotaux anyway acted as leader of Bonapartist faction and referred himself as prime minister of French Empire in-exile. Hanotaux too wrote some books about French history and defended acts of France. During his last years Hanotaux begun lean towards Corpocratism but but supported still restoration of Bonapartes. Hanotaux died in Madrid in 1944. Despite his pleas he is not allowed bury to France. During Spanish Civil War Bonapartists with support of Carlists tranferred Hanotaux's remnants to Las Palmas de Canaria.
Albert Auguste Gabriel Hanotaux was born in Beaurevoir, department of Aisne, Northern France in November 19 1853. He studied history and foreign diplomacy in University of Paris. In 1878 him became secretary in French Foreign Ministry. He rose quickly in the ministry and even emperor Napoleon IV noticed his skills. Already during his early career Hanotaux wrote several essays to magasines where he wrote about history of France and stated that France must take its rightful place on world politics. In 1885 he attended to commission which made close alliance between France and Ottoman Empire.
In 1887 Napoleon IV appointed Hanotaux as minister of foreign affairs. One of his first notable missions was Panama Treaty with Colombia on 1890, which gave for Imperial Isthmus Company full rights over Panama region and so it was able to begin construction of Panama Canal. In 1890's Hanotaux too succesfully negotiated to France large areas from Africa to France and formed closer relationships with Empires of Brazil and Japan.
In 1898 Napoleon IV appointed Hantoaux as ambassador to Vienna. In september 1907 begun Bavarian Crisis and Hanotaux pressured Austrian emperor Maximilian I send troops protect Bavarian monarchy. Relucantlelly the emperor accepted that, altough he was sure that Austria-Hungary would face multifront war. And like history soon showed, this led quickly to Great War and Austria was on war against almost all of its neighbors. In 1908 Entente knocked Italy out and Hanotaux participated to negotiations in Milan where for Italy had given harsh peace terms. But Hanotaux warned Napoleon IV and Maximilian I that there might be new war against Italy on near future, perhaps Italy even re-join to Great War. But his warnings were mostly ignored. In 1909 Hanotaux's correspondence with Napoleon IV in 1891 was revealed. In these letters men were planning new Franco-Austrian world order. Hanotaux was pretty frustrated about that. He knew that this gives great excuse for United Kingdom and United States enter to the war. And soon France noticed being in war against UK and USA. On Spring 1910 Hanotaux saw Austria-Hungary having its last moments so he decided evacuated French embassy through neutral Switzerland to France. On Autumn Hanutaux begun to make evacuation plans for Bonapartes and creating Bonapartist base to soil of friendly Spain. Yet at end of November he tried talk Napoleon IV into fleeing to Madrid but the emperor made clearly that he will not be fleeing and he not surrend to Coalition alive. But he agreed to evucuate his grandson Napoléon Éugene Louis (1906 - 1982) and emperor's daughter-in-law to Madrid.
In December 1 1910 Hanotaux arrived to Madrid. Only two days later he heard news about Napoleon and his heir's deaths. Soon after this he declared Napoleon IV's grandson as claimant for imperial throne as Napoleon V. After the Great War Hanotaux demand that him should be allowed participate to Peace Congress of Brussels but any nation didn't accept his demand and stated that they negotiate with government of the Third French Republic, not represtant of former French Empire. New government of France too stated that Hanotaux and Bonaparte males are not ever allowed return to France. Hanotaux too lost his citizenship. Hanotaux anyway acted as leader of Bonapartist faction and referred himself as prime minister of French Empire in-exile. Hanotaux too wrote some books about French history and defended acts of France. During his last years Hanotaux begun lean towards Corpocratism but but supported still restoration of Bonapartes. Hanotaux died in Madrid in 1944. Despite his pleas he is not allowed bury to France. During Spanish Civil War Bonapartists with support of Carlists tranferred Hanotaux's remnants to Las Palmas de Canaria.
Last edited:
Profile: Jonathan Bedford
Jonathan Bedford (1878-1952)
Jonathan Bedford was born on July 12, 1878 in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. In 1886, his immediate family moved to Hamilton, Ontario. From 1896 to 1900, Bedford attended McGill University in Montreal and majored in political science. Bedford then moved to Toronto and began working as a clerk at an Ontario government office. In 1903, Bedford married Elizabeth Donahue (July 26, 1885-November 12, 1966), a family friend from Toronto and the daughter of Irish immigrants. The couple remained happily married and never had any children. In 1906, Bedford tried to volunteer for service in the Second Boer War, but was declined on account of being flatfooted. In 1908, Bedford opened up a small inn and tavern outside of his old hometown of Hamilton, and at first the business was a massive success. In 1909, after Canada entered the Great War, Bedford did his part in the war effort and helped to sell war bonds for the Canadian government. After the end of the war in 1910, “Bedford’s Inn and Tavern” began to fall on hard times. In 1913, Bedford sold his inn to a local real-estate company, after which he decided to get involved in politics. The aforementioned building was finally demolished in 1920.
Bedford, a member of the Conservative Party, was elected to the Canadian Parliament from the district of Mississauga South during the 1914 Canadian federal election. After almost a decade as a MP, Bedford was elected Premier of Ontario in 1920. He served as such until 1925. In 1926, Bedford was elected leader of the Conservative Party of Canada. In the Canadian federal election of 1927, Bedford defeated the incumbent Liberal Prime Minister Lomer Gouin (1861-1930) and became the first Conservative Prime Minister of Canada since Robert Borden (1854-1939) left office in 1922. Bedford’s first premiership saw a strengthening of relations with the United States of America, a strengthening of relations with the mother country of Great Britain, the birth of a new Canadian identity, increased economic growth and increased immigration to Canada, especially from Europe and with impoverished Great War refugees from France, Germany, the Low Countries, Italy, Greece and Eastern Europe. Canada also accepted more immigrants from Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Scandinavia, Russia, China, Japan and Korea.
After a minor economic downturn in 1931, Bedford lost the Canadian federal election of 1932 to the former Premier of New Brunswick and Liberal Party leader William Joseph Rodgers (1884-1958). For the next five years, Bedford was in no official position of power but remained strongly active within Canadian politics. In 1937, Bedford was reelected the leader of the Conservative Party of Canada. Two years later, Bedford won the 1939 Canadian federal election and defeated the incumbent Prime Minister Rodgers. Bedford’s second premiership saw a number of events, such as the resettlement of Middle Eastern Refuges in Canada in the aftermath of the Ottoman Civil War, the 1940 Royal Tour of Canada, the creation of the Bank of Canada in 1942, the establishment of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in 1944, a significant increase in the size and industrial capability of the Canadian military, the introduction of new musical styles from the United States of America, among other things. After six more years in office, Bedford lost the 1945 Canadian federal election to Liberal Party leader Arthur Flynn (1888-1960). After the election, Bedford resigned as leader of the Conservative Party, partly due to his advanced age. He then retired to a modest home in his old hometown of Hamilton.
A lifelong smoker and lover of Cuban and Dominican cigars, Bedford died of throat cancer in Hamilton, Ontario on October 6, 1952 at the age of 74. On October 12, 1952, he was given a state funeral in Ottawa attended by Prime Minister Herbert McPherson (1894-1974) and Governor-General Etienne Boulanger (1892-1980). Having served as Prime Minister for a total of eleven years, Bedford was the longest serving Prime Minister in Canadian history. Bedford, who throughout his life was a charismatic yet humble man, is also considered to be one of the best Prime Ministers in Canadian history, particularly for his part in fostering a new Canadian identity and national consciousness. In 1978, in honor of what would have been his 100th birthday, a portrait of Bedford was put onto the Canadian fifty-dollar bill.
Jonathan Bedford was born on July 12, 1878 in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. In 1886, his immediate family moved to Hamilton, Ontario. From 1896 to 1900, Bedford attended McGill University in Montreal and majored in political science. Bedford then moved to Toronto and began working as a clerk at an Ontario government office. In 1903, Bedford married Elizabeth Donahue (July 26, 1885-November 12, 1966), a family friend from Toronto and the daughter of Irish immigrants. The couple remained happily married and never had any children. In 1906, Bedford tried to volunteer for service in the Second Boer War, but was declined on account of being flatfooted. In 1908, Bedford opened up a small inn and tavern outside of his old hometown of Hamilton, and at first the business was a massive success. In 1909, after Canada entered the Great War, Bedford did his part in the war effort and helped to sell war bonds for the Canadian government. After the end of the war in 1910, “Bedford’s Inn and Tavern” began to fall on hard times. In 1913, Bedford sold his inn to a local real-estate company, after which he decided to get involved in politics. The aforementioned building was finally demolished in 1920.
Bedford, a member of the Conservative Party, was elected to the Canadian Parliament from the district of Mississauga South during the 1914 Canadian federal election. After almost a decade as a MP, Bedford was elected Premier of Ontario in 1920. He served as such until 1925. In 1926, Bedford was elected leader of the Conservative Party of Canada. In the Canadian federal election of 1927, Bedford defeated the incumbent Liberal Prime Minister Lomer Gouin (1861-1930) and became the first Conservative Prime Minister of Canada since Robert Borden (1854-1939) left office in 1922. Bedford’s first premiership saw a strengthening of relations with the United States of America, a strengthening of relations with the mother country of Great Britain, the birth of a new Canadian identity, increased economic growth and increased immigration to Canada, especially from Europe and with impoverished Great War refugees from France, Germany, the Low Countries, Italy, Greece and Eastern Europe. Canada also accepted more immigrants from Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, Scandinavia, Russia, China, Japan and Korea.
After a minor economic downturn in 1931, Bedford lost the Canadian federal election of 1932 to the former Premier of New Brunswick and Liberal Party leader William Joseph Rodgers (1884-1958). For the next five years, Bedford was in no official position of power but remained strongly active within Canadian politics. In 1937, Bedford was reelected the leader of the Conservative Party of Canada. Two years later, Bedford won the 1939 Canadian federal election and defeated the incumbent Prime Minister Rodgers. Bedford’s second premiership saw a number of events, such as the resettlement of Middle Eastern Refuges in Canada in the aftermath of the Ottoman Civil War, the 1940 Royal Tour of Canada, the creation of the Bank of Canada in 1942, the establishment of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in 1944, a significant increase in the size and industrial capability of the Canadian military, the introduction of new musical styles from the United States of America, among other things. After six more years in office, Bedford lost the 1945 Canadian federal election to Liberal Party leader Arthur Flynn (1888-1960). After the election, Bedford resigned as leader of the Conservative Party, partly due to his advanced age. He then retired to a modest home in his old hometown of Hamilton.
A lifelong smoker and lover of Cuban and Dominican cigars, Bedford died of throat cancer in Hamilton, Ontario on October 6, 1952 at the age of 74. On October 12, 1952, he was given a state funeral in Ottawa attended by Prime Minister Herbert McPherson (1894-1974) and Governor-General Etienne Boulanger (1892-1980). Having served as Prime Minister for a total of eleven years, Bedford was the longest serving Prime Minister in Canadian history. Bedford, who throughout his life was a charismatic yet humble man, is also considered to be one of the best Prime Ministers in Canadian history, particularly for his part in fostering a new Canadian identity and national consciousness. In 1978, in honor of what would have been his 100th birthday, a portrait of Bedford was put onto the Canadian fifty-dollar bill.
Last edited:
Profile: Elbio Paz Armenta
Elbio Paz Armenta (1892-1949)
Born on June 12, 1892 in Trujillo, Peru, Elbio Paz Armenta was the son of a wealthy father of white Spanish descent and a mestizo mother of Spanish, Quechua and Aymara descent. Ever since a relatively young age, Armenta was a proud Peruvian patriot and an admirer of the military of Peru and many other nations throughout history. His father was a veteran of the First Atacama War (1881-1884) and as a child Armenta was raised partly on war stories from his father. During his youth, Armenta read a lot of books about history and military history, including books on Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Hannibal, Charlemagne, William the Conquer, Genghis Khan, Napoleon I, among others. Armenta was also an admirer of the autocratic, imperialistic and militaristic Second French Empire, its Emperor Napoleon IV and the glory of the Bonaparte dynasty, both past and present. He was also an avid learner of languages, and by his 40th birthday he could speak Spanish, Quecha, French, Portuguese, English and German.
In 1910, Armenta began his military education at the Chorrillos Military School in Lima, Peru. Armenta graduated from the academy in 1915. Armenta then served as an infantry officer in the Peruvian Army from 1915 to 1922. During this time in the Peruvian Army, Armenta toured numerous different nations, such as Mexico, the United States, Spain, France, Great Britain and Germany. Armenta was particularly impressed by the militaries of the victorious German Empire. In 1922, he was promoted to Major. In 1926, he was promoted to colonel. Finally in 1930, partly through favoritism, he was promoted to the rank of General.
In 1932, Peru experienced a severe economic recession. General Armenta, who at this point was one of the most famous military men in the country, claimed that President Javier Antonio Prado (1873-1940) was an ineffectual, lazy and greedy ruler and that Peru needed a new, strong and powerful leader to lead the once proud nation back to glory. Armenta toured the country spreading his message and all the while appealed to the impoverished, rural and indigenous people of Peru, among others.
In 1936, elections were held in Peru, and the incumbent President Prado of the Liberal People’s Party won the election by a narrow margin, leading many people to claim that the election was rigged. Within this volatile climate, on May 20, 1936, General Armenta launched a military coup against President Prado. General Armenta and soldiers in the army loyal to him stormed the presidential palace and parliament in the capital of Lima. After quite a few deaths between the soldiers on different sides, Prado was captured by Peruvian army soldiers and after a month of imprisonment was forced into exile in Mexico. As a result, General Armenta became President of Peru and with other men in the government loyal to him established the Partido Sol Rojo or the Red Sun Party, a socialist and authoritarian political party. Armenta also declared himself Generalissimo of Peru and the Peruvian Armed Forces.
The first twelve years of Armenta’s militarily-backed regime saw the establishment of new schools, new infrastructure projects, new public works programs and new government housing, many of which were established in rural and impoverished areas. His regime also saw a limited redistribution of wealth, the establishment of socialized medicine, new immigration from Europe and Asia and a sharp decline in crime rates. However, his regime also saw numerous and atrocious human rights abuses. Freedom of speech was suspended, with those who criticized Armenta deemed traitors to the motherland and foreign sellouts. Freedom of the press was suspended, with the only newspapers, magazines and radio shows allowed to exist being those that were either state-owned or did not criticize Armenta, with the latter still being heavily regulated by government censors. The government nationalized the estates of numerous large landowners and descendants of colonial families, with many of these landowners being killed on-site by army soldiers. Numerous opponents within the government were purged and either executed, imprisoned for life or exiled. The secret police, the Policia National Peruana, was known for its utter brutally and ruthlessness, with average people being abducted and disappearing for seemingly no reason. All in all, numerous political dissidents were arrested and brutally tortured and murdered by the aforementioned secret police.
As the 1940s came around, President Armenta decided to plan for his personal pet project and something to distract the population and to ingratiate them even more to his rule, this being a war against Chile to regain land lost during the First Atacama War. On July 5, 1945, Armenta signed the Treaty of Cobija with Bolivian dictator and President Celso Serrano. The treaty was a diplomatic and military alliance between the authoritarian regimes of Peru and Bolivia with the long term goal of regaining land lost to the Chileans during the First Atacama War. According to numerous historians, Armenta and Serrano, who met personally many times both before and during the Second Atacama War, got along somewhat well, yet at the same time clashed and argued over numerous petty matters.
On the evening of November 3, 1948, Peru and Bolivia launched a surprise attack into northern Chile. The Second Atacama War (1948-1949) had begun. Before long, the United States of America and other nations in the Americas came to the aide of the beleaguered Republic of Chile. In less than years’ time, the war began to go very badly for the Peruvian-Bolivian alliance. After the fall of Piura, the surrender of Bolivia, and the continued American and Mexican advance, on December 23, 1949 riots erupted throughout Lima that police were either unable or unwilling to contain. The next day, on Christmas Eve, December 24, 1949, protesters armed with munitions besieged President Armenta and his supporters inside Lima’s Plaza Mayor. Around the afternoon, a confrontation between Armenta and other leaders of the Sol Rojo party ended badly when Armenta stormed out of the meeting after the other men insisted that the time had come for him to step down. Armenta, fearing that a coup to remove and perhaps also kill him was imminent, committed suicide that evening in his bedroom by shooting himself in the head with his personal handgun. He was 57 years old.
Armenta is one of the most infamous and murderous dictators of the 20th century. Somewhat due to the fact that his body was quickly cremated after his suicide, numerous conspiracy theorists have claimed that Armenta survived the war and fled via airplane from Peru to Spain, where he lived quietly as a recluse under an assumed name until he died in the 1970s.
Born on June 12, 1892 in Trujillo, Peru, Elbio Paz Armenta was the son of a wealthy father of white Spanish descent and a mestizo mother of Spanish, Quechua and Aymara descent. Ever since a relatively young age, Armenta was a proud Peruvian patriot and an admirer of the military of Peru and many other nations throughout history. His father was a veteran of the First Atacama War (1881-1884) and as a child Armenta was raised partly on war stories from his father. During his youth, Armenta read a lot of books about history and military history, including books on Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Hannibal, Charlemagne, William the Conquer, Genghis Khan, Napoleon I, among others. Armenta was also an admirer of the autocratic, imperialistic and militaristic Second French Empire, its Emperor Napoleon IV and the glory of the Bonaparte dynasty, both past and present. He was also an avid learner of languages, and by his 40th birthday he could speak Spanish, Quecha, French, Portuguese, English and German.
In 1910, Armenta began his military education at the Chorrillos Military School in Lima, Peru. Armenta graduated from the academy in 1915. Armenta then served as an infantry officer in the Peruvian Army from 1915 to 1922. During this time in the Peruvian Army, Armenta toured numerous different nations, such as Mexico, the United States, Spain, France, Great Britain and Germany. Armenta was particularly impressed by the militaries of the victorious German Empire. In 1922, he was promoted to Major. In 1926, he was promoted to colonel. Finally in 1930, partly through favoritism, he was promoted to the rank of General.
In 1932, Peru experienced a severe economic recession. General Armenta, who at this point was one of the most famous military men in the country, claimed that President Javier Antonio Prado (1873-1940) was an ineffectual, lazy and greedy ruler and that Peru needed a new, strong and powerful leader to lead the once proud nation back to glory. Armenta toured the country spreading his message and all the while appealed to the impoverished, rural and indigenous people of Peru, among others.
In 1936, elections were held in Peru, and the incumbent President Prado of the Liberal People’s Party won the election by a narrow margin, leading many people to claim that the election was rigged. Within this volatile climate, on May 20, 1936, General Armenta launched a military coup against President Prado. General Armenta and soldiers in the army loyal to him stormed the presidential palace and parliament in the capital of Lima. After quite a few deaths between the soldiers on different sides, Prado was captured by Peruvian army soldiers and after a month of imprisonment was forced into exile in Mexico. As a result, General Armenta became President of Peru and with other men in the government loyal to him established the Partido Sol Rojo or the Red Sun Party, a socialist and authoritarian political party. Armenta also declared himself Generalissimo of Peru and the Peruvian Armed Forces.
The first twelve years of Armenta’s militarily-backed regime saw the establishment of new schools, new infrastructure projects, new public works programs and new government housing, many of which were established in rural and impoverished areas. His regime also saw a limited redistribution of wealth, the establishment of socialized medicine, new immigration from Europe and Asia and a sharp decline in crime rates. However, his regime also saw numerous and atrocious human rights abuses. Freedom of speech was suspended, with those who criticized Armenta deemed traitors to the motherland and foreign sellouts. Freedom of the press was suspended, with the only newspapers, magazines and radio shows allowed to exist being those that were either state-owned or did not criticize Armenta, with the latter still being heavily regulated by government censors. The government nationalized the estates of numerous large landowners and descendants of colonial families, with many of these landowners being killed on-site by army soldiers. Numerous opponents within the government were purged and either executed, imprisoned for life or exiled. The secret police, the Policia National Peruana, was known for its utter brutally and ruthlessness, with average people being abducted and disappearing for seemingly no reason. All in all, numerous political dissidents were arrested and brutally tortured and murdered by the aforementioned secret police.
As the 1940s came around, President Armenta decided to plan for his personal pet project and something to distract the population and to ingratiate them even more to his rule, this being a war against Chile to regain land lost during the First Atacama War. On July 5, 1945, Armenta signed the Treaty of Cobija with Bolivian dictator and President Celso Serrano. The treaty was a diplomatic and military alliance between the authoritarian regimes of Peru and Bolivia with the long term goal of regaining land lost to the Chileans during the First Atacama War. According to numerous historians, Armenta and Serrano, who met personally many times both before and during the Second Atacama War, got along somewhat well, yet at the same time clashed and argued over numerous petty matters.
On the evening of November 3, 1948, Peru and Bolivia launched a surprise attack into northern Chile. The Second Atacama War (1948-1949) had begun. Before long, the United States of America and other nations in the Americas came to the aide of the beleaguered Republic of Chile. In less than years’ time, the war began to go very badly for the Peruvian-Bolivian alliance. After the fall of Piura, the surrender of Bolivia, and the continued American and Mexican advance, on December 23, 1949 riots erupted throughout Lima that police were either unable or unwilling to contain. The next day, on Christmas Eve, December 24, 1949, protesters armed with munitions besieged President Armenta and his supporters inside Lima’s Plaza Mayor. Around the afternoon, a confrontation between Armenta and other leaders of the Sol Rojo party ended badly when Armenta stormed out of the meeting after the other men insisted that the time had come for him to step down. Armenta, fearing that a coup to remove and perhaps also kill him was imminent, committed suicide that evening in his bedroom by shooting himself in the head with his personal handgun. He was 57 years old.
Armenta is one of the most infamous and murderous dictators of the 20th century. Somewhat due to the fact that his body was quickly cremated after his suicide, numerous conspiracy theorists have claimed that Armenta survived the war and fled via airplane from Peru to Spain, where he lived quietly as a recluse under an assumed name until he died in the 1970s.
Last edited: