Part 76: To Cope (1918-1920)
January of 1918 arrived with the news of Artūras Vitalgas's resignation from his post as the Democrat of the Republic of Lithuania, and while this came as a surprise to some, it really should have been expected. Vitalgas's government was immensely unpopular, and in order to save face, his party pressured him to resign. Some politicians, especially the Imperialists and Democratic Unitarians, were trying to push for an emergency election and a new Prezidiumas, but this did not arise, as the Centre and the United Christians brokered a deal between their parties, electing the independent representative
Algirdas Vitkauskas as the new Democrat of the nation. Vitkauskas, a representative from Vilnius, was officially not aligned to any party, but his views fell somewhere near the Centrists, but not close enough to dissuade the UC from accepting him - thus, he was elevated as the new leader of the country.
This "
Vitkauskas Deal" proved to be just as unpopular as the results of the contentions 1917 election - both parties dropped their ideological standing in favor of working together! Normally, this wouldn't be much of a problem, but many of the voters for the UC and for the Centre made their choice solely to not let the other party win. In addition, Vitkauskas himself was unexperienced and wasn't even aware of this conspiracy until the last moment. Still, now that there was no large bloc of representatives blocking all of the Democrat's plans, the day-to-day work of the government could flow more smoothly, and for the first time in many years, the situation in the Lithuanian nation started to get a little better.
Artūras Vitkauskas, Democrat of the Republic of Lithuania
The worldwide economic recession that struck immediately after the Great European War had started to recede after the worst blew over, and thus slow, but steady recovery affected Lithuania as well. However, the lasting legacy of the tough beginning of the Republic was the rise of extremism across specific sectors of the population. The successful revolutions in Turkey and India rapidly boosted the popularity of Unitarianism, now concentrated in the underground
LUP and the legal
Democratic Unitarian movement, but nationalist revanchism was also rising - many of the soldiers and civilians were disappointed with the establishment of the Republic and the perceived weakness of the new Lithuanian state, and those people longed for a "firm hand" to take control of the country and restore the supposed "greatness of the Empire". These people coalesced around the
Revival Front (Atgimimo frontas), or just
The Front (Frontas), successor to the short-lived Revivalist Movement. This organization was led by Augustinas Stankevičius, who was briefly described earlier, but only now rose to the spotlight in the Republic as a capable, if not overtly brash and arrogant orator and politician. His family and former friends couldn't even recognize the man - before the war, he was known as a talented musician and pianist, with ties to the Ispudia Movement and underground Republican organizations, but after five years of service, he returned as a bitter man, dropped his professional artist career, even completely shaved his head and stepped up to lead a fringe extremist movement with grandiose ambitions.
Augustinas Stankevičius, pianist and leader of the Revival Front (1918- )
The recession may have been over, but it left deep marks not just on Lithuania, but also the whole world. After the chaos of the civil war blew away and order was restored,
Unitarian Turkey under Akarsu Kubilay could begin experimenting with it's ideological ambitions on the populace. The first few years of the nation were marked with an identity crisis, as the nation struggled to decide on it's organization and structure - some more enthusiastic members of the Union were experimenting with a leaderless military and complete abolition of all private and even personal property in favor for a common cause, but eventually the more moderate faction, led by Kubilay himself, won over. The Party for Unity and Unitarianism became the only legal political movement in the Union, and the formed
Central Cabinet of the People declared the beginning of mass industrialization and
de-Islamification. The situation in the
Unified Indian State went more smoothly than in their western counterpart, as it inherited much of it's structure from the late Mughal Empire - not to mention that it wasn't born out of a disastrous civil war. A major event that shaped Unitarian India for years to come happened on September 11th, 1919. The Indian Unitarian movement was led by the Nijasure brothers, Sanjay and Ranjit, but on that day, this "diarchy" was cut short when Ranjit Nijasure's plane crashed in the Deccan, killing all people on board. According to the official version of events, the plane was shot down by Tamil nationalists, and the government immediately took harsh measures against the minority, but few people outside of India actually believed that to be truth. On September 13th, the French newspaper
The Paris Courier even printed an article titled "Ranjit, the Remus of India", which, if one is familiar with the myth of the founding of Rome, should already tell you about who the journalists blamed on the politician's unfortunate death.
Whatever may be the case,
Sanjay Nijasure became the sole chairman of the Indian Unitarians, and he immediately made moves to organize and empower the state to fulfill the Nijasurist ideal. Urdu was declared as the sole state language and state atheism was enforced, all industry ended up nationalized and under central government control, all resistance, whether political or nationalist, was swiftly oppressed with an expanded law enforcement organ and a secret police, while the government took meals to eradicate the Indian caste system and integrate the lower castes and the "casteless" into the greater society. Chastised from the rest of the world due to it's radical ideology, India turned towards it's fellow Unitarian nation, Turkey, and the two nations entered a tightly knit, albeit somewhat wary alliance. If states like Persia or Iran weren't frightened before, well...
Sanjay Nijasure, Chairman of the Indian Unitarians
It should be noted that not all countries suffered from the Great European War and it's aftermath - some nations left this period even stronger than before, and nowhere else was this more notable than in the
Shun Dynasty. Shun China entered the war relatively late and only provided limited support to the Baltic-Adriatic Coalition, but their participation and the Indian Revolution sparked renewed European interest in East Asia - but this time as equal partners. The Chinese sent "volunteers" to their war allies, who served in auxiliary positions on the front, as well as military and civilian observers, and they returned with newly found knowledge and experience about the Western Barbarians - including the heir of the empire, prince Li Xiu, who inherited the Dragon Throne in 1916 as the
Jiaqing Emperor. The following ten years have been named both by contemporary observers and later historians as the "
Chinese Decade", as they marked a large jump in Shun China's power and power projection on the world stage. The Jiaqing Emperor successfully navigated the intricacies of the post-war era, taking over much of India's sphere of influence in South-East Asia, opening trade with the West and passing a number of imperial decrees to stimulate the growth of local industry, as well as guided Chinese foreign policy towards the North - in 1919, Shun China overran much of the Khanate of Mongolia, and began the colonization of
Xiboliya, the vast, untamed land in Northern Asia. China had much to gain from these distant lands, which had been explored by Lithuanian and Volgak explorers in the 17th and 18th centuries - wood and fresh water, for example, and perhaps also natural resources hiding down below.
The Jiaqing Emperor's reign marked changes in Chinese domestic politics, albeit very small. Previous Emperors dabbled a bit in modernization and new technology, but all their changes "came from above", while social or political changes, like democratization, were completely shunned - however, the young, energetic Emperor hoped to transform his nation not just from his own decrees, but also from the initiative of the people. While China stayed as an absolute monarchy, for now, an Imperial decree in 1920 gave the green light to the formation of "citizen authorities" - somewhat democratic self-governance in most major regions and cities, where appointed officials would have to work in tandem with representatives elected by the inhabitants of the province, or city. Even if this was only a miniscule step towards democracy, it caused a large uproar across the bureaucracy - how could the power of officials appointed by the Mandate of Heaven be shared with commoners! - and was yet an important step towards reforming the nation along Western lines.
An another nation which went through an important political change was
Spain. Ever since the failed reforms of the 19th century, Spain was governed as a reactionary military dictatorship - however, this structure was definitely not going to last. The first nail in the coffin of the dictatorship was the Great European War - the Spaniards first enthusiastically supported the conflict, but their excitement faded as soon as reports from the front about mass deaths in failed offensives, as well as incompetent political and military leadership arrived. The results of the peace conference in Paris also came off as a disappointment - sure, Spain acquired some border territories and increased it's colonial empire, but to the thousands of crippled war veterans, widows and impoverished citizens, it all came off as a complete waste of life. The people were furious.
1919 was a year of great turmoil in Spain. Catalan and Basque nationalists were the first to take their matters to the streets, followed by worker unions and underground political movements. Riots and shootouts between armed citizens and the police took place across the whole country, to the point where this "
Spanish Spring" presented a deadly threat to the military government. The dictatorship made the (supposedly) smart choice and approached Germania and Visegrad for their support in handling this mess, or at least their opinion. Germania and Visegrad, who were unsurprising scared of a revolution on the European continent, declared that they wish to see the Spaniards negotiate and not resort to violence - and with the situation in the streets deteriorating in a matter of days, the Spanish government had no choice but to fold.
Manuel Garcia Terrero, the dictator of the Spanish State, resigned from his position and his successors signed a constitution proposal put forward by the
Popular Front, an organization of worker unions and underground parties not too dissimilar from the Council of National Restoration in Lithuania, and thus declared the foundation of the democratic
Federal Republic of Spaniards, Basques and Catalans. Yet another reactionary regime crumbled in the face of the zeitgeist of the new age.
And Britannia suddenly found itself even more lonely...
"Long Live the Federation! May it last a thousand years!"
Sebastian Carranzo, 1920