Part 60: Prelude to Armageddon, Pt. 2 (1890-1900)
Perhaps it is paradoxical to imagine France, the so-called "Bastion of Liberty", every allying with Lithuania, a repressive authoritarian monarchy, but in this period in time,
realpolitik was far more important than ideological differences - and the situation that was in Europe at the time pretty much forced the two nations to cross paths. Although France was confident in it's strength, the foundation of the Baltic-Adriatic Coalition in 1889, as well as a revival of German revanchism to come with it, proved to be a big worry to the stability of the Paris System, and as such, France needed allies to create a counterweight, even if that ally was one of Europe's last absolute monarchies.
In many ways, France and Lithuania were complete opposites of one another. The former was an industrial giant, one of the most developed states in Europe with a powerful economy and an urbanized population; the latter was still in the process of industrialized, with many of it's provinces remaining agrarian. The former was a free and stable multi-party democracy and proud of it's Republican traditions; the latter was an oppressive absolute monarchy, with an Emperor who is the head of the nation's church and a secret police cracking down on dissidents, so much that it was only second to Britannia in it's autocratic darkness. The former was a largely monoethnic state; the latter was composed of dozens of competing nationalities. Under any other circumstance, France and Lithuania would have likely been adversaries, maybe even rivals. However, both of them had a common enemy - the two nations of Visegrad and South Germania, who, in their eyes, were threatening the old European order and thus had to be put down.
Of course, each one had it's own objectives, too.
France's primary agenda was to keep Germania divided. In the eyes of the French, who still remembered the Revolutionary Wars, a united Germania would disturb the delicate balance in Central and Western Europe and potentially lead to France playing second fiddle to this likely powerful hypothetical nation. Germania would reclaim territories west of the Rhine, Germania would seek to acquire colonies in Africa, likely pushing the French out in the process, Germania would do this, would do that... It was starting to turn into paranoia, at least among the politicians in the French republic. France had no grievance with Visegrad, but the relations between the two nations soured after the Cairo Affair.
Lithuania saw Visegrad as it's primary rival for domination in Central Europe, and after Mykolas I's ascension, isolating the federal kingdom and dismantling it into minor states rapidly became the empire's top priority. The two nations had been butting heads since the 15th century, and all hope of easing the tensions were lost with the assassination of Žygimantas III. Lithuania didn't have any particular grievance with Germania, but the relations between the two states were never great. The Germans were disgusted with the "prison of nations" that they perceived Lithuania to be, and the Lithuanians weren't interested in letting Visegrad acquire a powerful ally in the West.
"Two Extremes Meet", an 1895 British caricature of Franco-Lithuanian friendship
In 1891, as a response to the creation of the Baltic-Adriatic Coalition, Director Thierry Harispe of the Republic of France organized the accurately named "
Talks on the Longevity of the Continental System of the Treaty of Paris", inviting many European heads of state, which he pretty much used to scold the governments of Visegrad and South Germania in front of the rest of Europe, even demanding the Coalition to be dismantled and South Germania to renounce all claims on French territory in order to "preserve the peace". As expected, the Coalition said no, and the talks quickly collapsed - but Director Harispe used this as a pretext to turn to Lithuania, which, seeing the alliance building that it's western neighbour overtook, was quite eager to negotiate. Starting with a French military mission to Vilnius in 1892, the French and the Lithuanians created a number of treaties regarding the Paris System, the protection of peace in Europe and the dismantlement of the Baltic-Adriatic Coalition. A thorn entered the wheels of the negotiations, however, in the form of Emperor Mykolas I's death in 1895.
Not particularly liked by the people, Mykolas I overturned most of the progressive policies of his successor while at the same time reigniting the enmity between Visegrad and Lithuania, and for that, he is considered to be one of the worst rulers of Lithuania - but it should be noted that he did not lack confidence. Nor was he outright malicious in his actions. Rather, he just had an outdated view of what Lithuania should strive towards. One thing he was not very good at, however, was making a child, and for a large portion of his reign, the people feared that Lithuania would see a yet another childless ruler - but that turned out not be the case, and he was succeeded by his 14 year old son,
Žygimantas IV.
The new, young, inexperienced and court-controlled Emperor did not stop the brewing alliance with France, however, and in 1898, the heads of state of the two nations signed the foundation of the "
Alliance for the Protection of Peace and Stability in Europe", more commonly known by it's informal name - the
Entente Cordiale. It was a reactionary alliance, aimed against the Baltic-Adriatic Coalition, and it had one defining purpose - protect the old order at all costs.
With the two blocs set into motion, Europe was spiraling towards a conflict never seen before. The German Revolutionary Wars? The Balkan Wars? The Concert of Africa? They had nothing on what was brewing... Both alliances powered up their propaganda machines and threw out all thoughts of "rational military spending" out the window.
And whichever side will win, Europe will not be the same, forever.
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I have a very interesting (and small) thing coming up tomorrow, so look forward to that!
You think you've seen "interesting", but you'll see