The Shame of the Plantagenet's

The Shame of the Plantagenet's

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Hey everyone, this is my first TL so be kind. The intention of this TL is to look into the War of the Rose's and its effects on the nations of the British Isles and if it proves popular see what goes from there. If you have any comments, suggestions or want to debate this timeline please feel free. Hope you enjoy.

Background and Point of Divergence

May 1471

Edward the IV has just won a crushing victory at the Battle of Barnet over the Traitor Earl of Warwick and once again the three Brothers of York; Edward IV, King of England, George, Duke of Clarence and Richard, Duke of Gloucester were united, along with the Lancaster King, Henry the VI being in chains and locked in the Tower of London.

In Wales, Margaret of Anjou and the Lancastrian heir to the throne Edward, Prince of Wales have crossed the river severn with the fealty of the city of Gloucester's Governor Richard Beauchamp, the 2nd Baron of Beauchamp (Point of Divergence). She has joined with Jasper Tudor's Lancasterian Army at Pembroke Castle and are attempting to prepare for another invasion of England. In Kent, the Cousin of Warwick, Thomas Neville, the Bastard of Fauconberg, was raising an army for the Lancastrian cause and had command of most of the Dukedom of Kent for the Lancastrian Claim.

In Scotland, James III has received great criticism from the Parliament of Scotland over his continental expansion plans and his obsessive desire for an military and marital alliance with England. This has caused friction between him and his brother, the Duke of Albany and even led for calls for his abdication by some of the far northern lords, however this has quelled ever so slightly by James's annexation of the Island's of Orkney and Shetland from the Kingdom of Norway through his wife's marriage dowry.

Ireland itself was all but in name Independent from England, with the poor management for the Lordship of Ireland by Henry VI and the civil war in England still ongoing the powerful gaelic lords in Ireland were the rulers and had not declared support for either House York or Lancaster. Powerful Irish magnates were Kings in Ireland effectively.

The Yorkist Retaliation

With victory in Barnet and the Lancastrians fleeing to Pembroke Edward IV was able to return to London and be re-crowned as King of England and demand that all of the Lords and Magnates of England swear fealty to him as their King and that they denounce House Lancaster as "traitors of the crown and of England". But while he may have crowned himself in London all over the country rebellions and war was breaking out. In the North Lancasterian rebels had assaulted York, but been repealed, in Wales Margaret of Anjou and Jasper Tudor were rallying more support every day and in Kent the Bastard of Fauconberg's forces were very formidable.

Besieged by all sides Edward IV took a huge risk and ordered the public execution of Henry VI at the urging of his brother Richard and George. This execution was a shock to all of England and brought the Bastard of Fauconberg to battle. Fauconberg raised his army and headed for a siege at London. Edward IV well aware of the danger he and his crown faced from the three great Lancasterian armies in Wales, York and Kent sent his Lord Chamberlain, William Hastings Baron of Hastings, to York in the aim of commanding his Northern forces. He named Hastings Earl of Westmorland and Warden of the Northern Marches and sent him with a retinue of around 100 horsed soldiers to York.

Hastings left London on May 21st and four days later Edward IV raised his levies and made for Kingston upon Thames believing that it was the best place to fight against Fauconberg's oncoming army. Edward took with him both his brothers, the Earl of Northumberland, Duke of Buckingham and the Archbishops of York and Canterbury, as well as a host of powerful southern magnates all in the hope of picking up as many men as possible on the way to the battle. Edward would arrive at Kingston in two days and begin preparations for battle and Fauconberg's host would arrive on the 1st of June. Hoping that peace might be reached Edward offered to parley with Fauconberg but it only resulted in Edward having his messengers head returned to him in a box.

The Battle would take place on the 2nd of June, with Edward taking the centre, the Duke of Northumberland given command of the left and his brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester given command of the right and the vanguard. The battle would be a decisive victory for the King despite being outnumbered by nearly 5,000 men. Fauconberg's obsession with vengeance against Edward led to a rout as he effectively declared an all out charge, over confident due to his superior numbers. It was reported that Fauconberg was killed during the battle but rumors said that Richard killed Fauconberg following his surrender.

Scotland's response

War on the borders of Scotland was not something it had wanted, the English civil war had been far south of its borders but now with the revolts in Northumberland and York it was causing unrest on the Scottish Earldoms of Dunbar and Annandale. James III began to see this unrest as an opportunity to gain favour with the English King and possible being negotiations of a future alliance. James III produced a plan to his courtiers, a small group on common men of particular talents greatly hated by the nobility for their royal favour, of a Scottish Invasion of Northern England under the Yorkist banner to aid the in the quelling of the unrest.

This plan when eventually presented to the Lord's of Scotland caused outrage and anger, many believing that the English civil war was a benefit not a hinderance to Scotland and any Scottish force invading England would be for expansion not in their defence. This anger would find its voice in Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus and in the King's brother the Duke of Albany who both refused to supply men and resources to fight an English War. James III was infuriated and demanded his Lord's obey his wishes which only resulted in the cordial refusal by his Lords.

James III arguably made his biggest mistake following that meeting as he appointed Robert Cochrane, an architect and royal favourite of no noble birth, to the post of Lord Chancellor of Scotland and made him Marquess of Pebbles, and ordered him to prepare for his plans to support the English King in the north. This resulted in what is known in Scottish history has the "peasants rising" as with Cochrane's appointment as Lord Chancellor in August 16th, key royal positions went to many of the King's courtiers instead of men from noble birth. The new Ambassador to England was Robert of the Dales, a Singer and playwright, the High Steward was Alexander Mac Gilr, a son of a english merchant, and the position of Constable of the Borders was revoked from the Earl of Dunbar and given to Thomas, Lord of Renfrew, another musician. These appointment were all made over the course of 1471 in attempts by Lord Chancellor Cochrane to implement the King's plans for joining the English civil war.

End of 1471

By the end of the year 1471, the Lancastrian court in Wales had crowned Edward King of England and had rallied the support of almost all the welsh lords and magnates.

Edward IV had quelled his southern lords and rebellions and was looking to Wales and the North to bring order back to his Kingdom.

James III in Scotland had through his own obsession with an English alliance and his favouritism of men from no noble birth caused great unrest among the nobility of Scotland and put in place a court of commoners in many's eyes bringing Scotland to a political logerhead.

 
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A good POD for the TL and a good first post. I hope this continues as I love a good WOTR TL!

I was wondering why Hastings was made earl of Westmorland, when the earl of Westmorland in 1471 was Ralph Neville, who according to Pollard was suffering of some form of mental disorder. I think it is unlikely that Edward could strip Neville of the title to bestow it on Hastings (although Hastings being raised to an earldom in exchange for his loyalty through 1470 is certainly believable). Interested to see what happens now the Lancastrians have a leader with full mental capacity. I certainly think Edward has made a rare tactical error by killing Henry.

Also Northumberland is an Earl, not a Duke but other than that keep up the good work!
 
Yah, count me in for cheering for the Yorkist's as well.

Still, I have developed a soft spot for Margaret of Anjou. You have to admire a woman that determined.
 
Neville's were losing their titles left right and centre due to their backing of Warwick at Barnet and with Ralph Neville unable to oppose the revocation of his titles due to illness I thought it made the most sense.

In terms of Northumberland you're right there thanks for the correction :)
 
Year of 1472

The King in Wales

Through the work of Jasper Tudor and Margaret of Anjou, Welsh magnates and soldiers were flocking to pledge their loyalty and service to the newly crowned Lancasterian King, Edward IV, King of England. However Edward was getting restless, he was now crowned King and neither his mother or Tudor were his regents, he wanted to march on England and mount the Yorkist King's head on top of the tower where his father's head now hung from, he had lived his entire life waiting but now he was King and he wanted action.

On February 8th during a meeting of his war council, Edward demanded that his army march from Pembroke and begin his campaign for his Kingdom by the end of Spring. Both his Mother and Lord Chancellor, Jasper Tudor, pleaded with the King to remain in Pembroke and allow his army to swell well the Yorkist traitors faced rebellion after rebellion in England but the King would have none of it. He declared that they would march for Raglan Castle, one of only two bastions of Yorkist power in Wales. Raglan Castle was held at this time by the brother of the William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, Walter Herbert and was the most fortified castle in Wales. Edward planned to raise the castle alight with fire to sent a message to all of England, that he was coming for his throne and for vengeance for his father.

While his advisor's had grave concerns about this venture, Edward was king and so they had no choice but to begin plans for their march on Raglan. Money was not an issue as the King of France had been more than generous with the issue of gold he had given Margaret of Anjou and Jasper Tudor also brought supreme wealth to the cause, but siege and cannon weaponry was short. Jasper Tudor had to order the the creation of many catapults and siege towers for Raglan and it caused discontent among many soldiers who themselves were growing tired of waiting in Pembroke but by May, Edward's army had reached around 25,000 men and he was ready to do battle at Raglan. Word was sent to the Neville's of Northern England that their job was to assault the other Yorkist stronghold in the Northern of Wales, Conwy Castle where William Herbert garrisoned, and once Wales was Edward's they would meet in Hereford, a city which was believed to have Lancaster sympathies, and there Anne Neville would be crowned as Edward's Queen.

This was a truly ambitions plan, but Edward was tired of schemes, he wanted action and this planned bloodshed was this welcome to the world of kingship.


The King in London

The spring of 1472 was a time of joy for the Yorkist King Edward IV, his wife had given birth to another daughter in the April, Margaret of York, and his young son and heir Edward was healthy and growing fast. Finally the Yorkist line seemed secure, his kinsman on the continent Charles of Burgundy had just purchased the Dukedom of Guelders and from his new power base sent a small force of mercenaries to aid Edward in the quelling of the Kentish Rebels that were still loyal to Fauconberg's cause. Edward IV's Kingdom in the south was looking secure for the first time in many years and with many of the Southern Lords having fled to Wales to take up the Lancasterian Cause Edward degreed and had parliament agree that they were now enemies of the state and their lordships, titles and incomes were now forfeit to the King giving the crown a much needed influx of gold.

The Woodville's were given extensive lands and holdings in the south to strengthen the Queen and Edward's hold on the south, aware of the unyielding loyalty the Woodville's obviously had for his reign due to the Queen. This meant that when word had reached Edward of the Lancaster's planned assaults of Raglan and Conwy Edward decided to give his Brother-In-Law Edward Woodville, newlly created Earl of Portsmouth and his Brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester command of his southern army, tasked with the duty of bringing Edward of Lancaster to the King's Justice and Edward rallied his other troops and headed North to meet Hastings' Army at York in order to enact his revenge on the rest of the Neville's.

By May Richard, Duke of Gloucester and Edward, Earl of Portsmouth, had arrived in Gloucester and had marshalled an army of around 15,000 men but this was far inferior to the grand welsh army the Lancaster's had marshalled but they both agreed that if they could reach Raglan before the Lancasterian army then they would have the advantage of the Raglan Garrison and the Grand Walls of of the Castle. King Edward IV's luck wasn't much better as they had reached Hastings' army at the city of York by the end of may and an army of nearly 18,000 troops was amassed but they had heard than the Neville's army was already besieging Conwy which was at least a two weeks hard march away. Edward had no choice but to leave York sooner than he would have liked but he had no choice.


Scotland's Turmoil

In Scotland things had gone from bad to worse under the management of Lord Chancellor Robert Cochrane, most of the Scottish Noble's had rallied under the Earl of Angus, Archibald Douglas who was calling for the Kings appointment's to be removed and for men of Noble birth to be appointed, even the King's brother Alexander, Duke of Albany, urged parliament to refute the laws and degrees of King James unnoble advisor's. This led to Alexander following his speech at Parliament in Edinburgh to be placed in chains and locked in the royal dungeons of Edinburgh to await trail for treason against the King. This led to John Stewart, Earl of Mar and brother of the King to demand the immediate release of the Duke of Albany in a letter signed by Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus, Colin Campbell, Earl of Argyll and Chief of Clan Campbell, John MacDonald, Lord of the Isles and James Douglas Earl of Morton.

This letter represented the most power lords in all of Scotland publicly taking sides against the King's Justice, when James III received the letter he demanded that Cochrane raise a royal army and imprison all of them for treason but the fact was he did not have the arms or men in which to challenge the lords of Scotland and three weeks after the letter was sent James III was forced to release Alexander from prison and return all of his lands and titles to him. This was a major embarrassment to the crown but it marked the beginnings of the coming war in Scotland, with tensions so high it was almost impossible for war not to be reached.


Start of the Summer of 1472

John Percy's army, cousin of Richard of Warwick, is besieging Conwry Castle held by the Yorkist Loyalist William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. But King Edward IV of House York and William Hastings, Earl of Westmorland, have raised an army in York and are marching on Conwy.

A royal army under command of Richard, Duke of Gloucester is heading to fortify Raglan Castle. But King Edward IV of House Lancaster, Jasper Tudor and Margaret of Anjou are marching on Raglan with a massive force.

Scotland is on the brink of War with James III having been forced to release in brother, Alexander Duke of Albany, from jail but has refused to replace in Government Ministers and especially his Lord Chancellor Robert Cochrane.
 
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The Westmorland Neville's - the senior branch - were opposed to Warwick and York (the current Earl's guardian was his brother who was killed in 1469) due to the long running dispute with the junior Neville branch (descendants of Joan Beaufort) principally Richard Neville Earl of Warwick.
Perfectly ok to take his title - and with Warwick dead Westmorland's nearest and dearest will certainly return to Lancaster.

Neville's were losing their titles left right and centre due to their backing of Warwick at Barnet and with Ralph Neville unable to oppose the revocation of his titles due to illness I thought it made the most sense.

In terms of Northumberland you're right there thanks for the correction :)
 
Edward Woodville is still likely to be a teenager in the early 1470s and not someone you would give command of an army to then - he wasn't even knighted until 75 - (he was one of the younger children of Richard 1st Earl Rivers probably born somewhere in the mid fifties).
Edward hardly gave any titles to the Woodville's - though the girls married very well.
Anthony Lord Scales (by right of his wife married before Edward's accession) succeeded to his father's Earldom.
Richard Woodville (who was likely the third surviving son) - got nothing during his brother in law's reign though he was his brother's heir.
Lionel's church preferments came late in the 1470's and didn't become a dean until 1478 (when he was probably in his mid twenties)
 
Edward Woodville was around 17 i believe, which is one year young than Richard.... 15-20 was the time when many royal's were given their first battles of command.

Yes the Woodvilles didnit get alot of Land, but they were all given the highest offices in the land, this is a different time line and due to the west country's rally to Lancaster Edward has revoke their titles and given them to loyal people and in a time where his closest ally warwick turned on him i think he would want truely loyal people in charge hence the woodvilles getting lands


Thanks for all the positive comments
 
Start of the Summer of 1472

Sir Thomas Neville's army, brother of Richard of Warwick, is besieging Conwry Castle held by the Yorkist Loyalist William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. But King Edward IV of House York and William Hastings, Earl of Westmorland, have raised an army in York and are marching on Conwy.

Sir Thomas Neville, Warwick's brother died at Wakefield in 1460 so you might want to change that to one of the senior Neville branch (or Warwick's brother John, Lord Montagu depending on whether he died at Barnet as OTL).

Other than that great update and I cant wait for the battles to begin!
 
Year of 1472

Scotland's Chess Game


In late June the Duke of Albany, the King's brother Alexander, called a meeting of many of the lords and magnates of Scotland in Blair Castle. The meeting one of treason, and Alexander Stewart made his intentions to claim the throne of Scotland clear. The Earl of Angus, Archibald Douglas, and the Earl of Mar, John Stewart (The brother of King James and Duke Alexander) were quick to support the aim of Alexander and the rest of the lords joined suit. During a the meeting a secret agreement was signed between the great northern lords of Scotland degreeing that Alexander was now their choice as King of Scotland.

Andrew Stewart, the Dean of Moray and Kinsman to the Duke of Albany was given the task of finding the evidence and proof needed to justify Alexander's coming war for Scotland. This took little time for someone with the mind of Andrew and a great document was written known the "Elgin Justification". This document, written by Andrew Stewart and signed by all of Alexander's supporters, gave three arguments and justifications to Alexander's demands that King James III of Scotland relinquish his throne to his brother. The first argument was over the Tanistry laws of Scotland never fully abandoned in Scotland that gave the electors of Scotland (the richest and most powerful Dukes and Earls) the right to nominate the dynastic successor to the throne of Scotland which was never done in the case of James III accession to the throne and there he was a usurper by the laws of god and man. The second argument drew from the "Declaration of Arbroath" which decreed that a Scottish King could and would only rule with the acceptance of the people, which King James no longer has. And the third, again drawing from the "Declaration of Arbroath" which defined England as Scotland's enemy and King James actions were treasonous by his willingness to sacrifice Scottish freedom. With historically this document was proven to have been heavily biased and filled with inaccuracies it was strong enough at the time to convince the Duke of Albany that his time was now.

However a great error was made as throughout all of these secret discussions was a man truly loyal to the King, Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan. Many had assumed that Buchan's loyalties would be with the Duke of Albany and his brothers Andrew, Dean of Moray and John, Earl of Atholl. But it in fact they were solidly in favour of the King and on July 1st when the northern Scottish lords had been informed of the Dean of Moray's success, Buchan tasked his Constable to raise an army and head for Fraserburgh to reinforce it, as he set sail for Edinburgh. Thanks to strong winds and calm seas Buchan arrived at Kings James's court on July 5th and delivered the news to the King and his Chancellor, Robert Cochrane. The news was said to have enraged the King whole was prepared to raise his levies but Buchan advised him to attempt to calm the Southern lords for without them his reign would be at an end.

James sent out summons for the most powerful of Scotland's southern lords, such as the Earl of Annandale, Earl of Huntly, Lord's of Berwick and even offered to return the lands and titles to Patrick de Dunbar in return for his support, financial backing and what influence he had on the southern scottish magnates. These negotiations were expected to be tough as on July 12th upon hearing of Buchan's betrayal the Duke of Albany proclaimed the "Elgin Justification" and order the lords that pledged him fealty to raise their armies. However there was good news as the Queen had finally fallen pregnant and James had been convinced to replace many of his ministers, making James Stewart, Earl of Buchan his Chancellor and used the other titles and peerages to bribe other Southern Lords. By August Scotland was in civil war, the South and the lands of Buchan had declared themselves for King James III of Scotland, the Northern and Island Lords of Scotland had declared themselves for the now styled, King Alexander IV of Scotland. The only lords who had yet to declare were those of the Orkney and Shetland Islands who looked as though they were seeking neutrality within the civil war as both King James III and William Sinclair, Earl of Caithness, a supporter of King Alexander IV, proclaimed rights to their Earldom.

The White Queen

In the absence of her husband, Queen Elizabeth had been left as Regent of London and of the King's justice and while the majority of the rebels in the south had be quelled thanks to this troops supplied by Burgundy, in Kent the King's Justice still had to be dealt out and the managing of the Kingdom was in dire need to a careful hand. Her Brother, Richard Woodville, Earl of Rivers, was made temporary Lord Privy Seal in place of the Lord Chancellor, William Hastings, by the Queen to aid her in the rulership of the Kingdom and more importantly the city of London.

By June King Edward had already been gone from London for many weeks and the news from the north was slim, the Queen sent word to her kinsman, Charles of Burgundy asking for any more aid that he could give them. Her Burgundian troops were extremely loyal to her, unlike most of the English militia which she felt she could not lay her full trust in. On June 8th., the Queen decided to pardon almost all of the allies of the Bastard of Fauconberg on the condition that they pledge fealty to the Yorkist cause and her son, Edward, Prince of Wales and heir to the throne of England. This act of kindness was well received throughout Kent and Sussex, as many were expecting bloody repercussions for their Lancasterian loyalties but the Queen's actions seemed to calm the southern Kentish lords, if only for a short while. In London things were going more smoothly as well, with the Church holding mass prayers for the King and his Brother the Duke of Gloucester, at the urging of the Queen. These small actions caused a sense of normality and peace to return to Southern England, but the Queen was always wary of the magnates of Cornwall and Devon, which still advocated their support for the Lancaster's and many were actually at court in Wales with King Edward of House Lancaster.

"The Battle of Monmouth"

On June 16th, King Edward of House Lancaster began his siege of Raglan Castle, surrender terms were provided by the King promising complete sanctuary to the Castle and its people if they agreed to surrender within 2 days. However Walter Herbert was a staunch Yorkist and believed that the Yorkist army they had been advised of would arrive to save them. Richard, Duke of Gloucester's army was in fact 3 days way from Raglan as Richard had made the strategically inept decision to stay in Gloucester longer than he should have. However this was an emotional stay, he was furious that Gloucester had allowed the Lancaster's to pass unharmed and had even provided them with troops. Many of the nobles of Gloucester were given quick trials and hung outside the city walls as a warning to those who would rally against the Yorkist cause. While this no doubt strengthened Richard's power base in Gloucester it allowed the Lancaster's to reach Raglan first.

Richard received news of the siege on June 17th and decided to make for Grosmont Castle as there he could see off the Lancaster march for Hereford, which his spies had informed him was the Lancaster's destination. With this abandonment of Raglan Castle on June 18th, Edward of House Lancaster began the siege. Walter Herbert forced the garrison to put up a brave fight in the vain belief that a Yorkist army would arrive to aid them but it was all for nothing. On June 23th Raglan Castle finally fell and King Edward rode into its courtyard. A weeks rest was granted to the solider's of the siege, many men were Knighted for their bravery and Walter Herbert was put to death for treason against the rightful king. News of the Lancaster victory was spread far and wide and even reached King Edward of House York in the north on his march on Conwy. However what was not told was the losses taken during the siege. Edward's decision not to use any of his cannons of Raglan cost him dearly as it is estimated he lost between four and five thousand men during the siege. While his army was boosted by the survivors of Raglan's garrison it was still a heavy blow.

By July 4th Edward's Lancasterian Army was nearing the fabled "Three Castle of Monmouth", both Jasper Tudor and Margaret of Anjou pleaded with the King not to head for the Castle and their would surely be a Yorkist defence waiting. However Edward ignored their pleas and headed straight for Hereford. By July 12th news had reached both armies, a Yorkist force now garrisoned Grosmont Castle and that a massive Lancasterian force now headed for Herefordshire. Richard, Duke of Gloucester decided to head off the assaulting Lancasterian Force just outside the town of Monmouth, which was the most defensive ground in the Lancasterian path as he believed they would not be foolish enough to assault Grosmont. On July 18th both armies were now at Monmouth, parley was called and Thomas Woodville, Earl of Portsmouth along with Jasper Tudor met to discuss the upcoming battle. Tudor offered the Yorkist army terms of surrender based on the Lancasterian army being the larger force, but this was rejected by the Earl of Portsmouth who in turn offer complete amnesty for all of the Lancasterian army in return for the hand over of the Pretender King Edward of Lancaster and Margaret of Anjou.

The failure of parley ment only one thing, that a battle would have to be fought which both sides wanted. Richard had fixed the battle perfectly so that the Lancasterian army's back was to the River Wye, which he intended to use to force the Lancasterian numbers into its banks. For the Yorkist, Richard took charge of the right and the vanguard and gave command of the left to the Earl of Portsmouth and the Centre to his brother the Duke of Clarence. For the Lancaster's, Jasper Tudor was given the honour of the Vanguard, King Edward took command of the centre and Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset was given command of the left. For the first two days of battle there were merely skirmishes as Somerset's forces tried to refix the battlefield positions to put the Lancasterian army in a better position but each time the force was battered back by the Duke's of Gloucester and Clarence.

Finally on the morning of July 23rd, the full battle between the Lancaster's and the Yorkist commenced. Richard, Duke of Gloucester is said to have charged his Calvary with such furry that Somerset's left flank almost broke immediately. However it was the Yorkist left that would break first as the Lancasterian Vanguard shot through its centre. The Earl of Portsmouth's flank fell back but this pushed the Yorkist entire army backwards and allowed the Lancaster's to gain the advantage, eventually the Yorkist had no choice but to rout. Both the Duke of Clarence and Gloucester managed to escape but the Earl of Portsmouth was captured and drowned in the River Wye with many of the other Yorkist nobles captured.

This victory was a defining moment for Edward of Lancaster's campaign and it effectively secured the south of Wales and much of the West Country in England's support for the Lancaster's.

End of the Summer of 1472

Scotland is now in civil war with the Duke of Albany proclaiming to be King Alexander IV through the "Elgin Justification".

The Queen in London has calmed most of the South of England and began preparations to defend the city of London at all costs.

King Edward of Lancaster has won a monumental victory at Monmouth, killing Edward Woodville and sending the Duke's of Clarence and Gloucester into rout.

King Edward of York marches on Conwy Castle to attempt to defeat the powerful Neville's led Lancasterian force.
 
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