The Scandinavian Campaign of 1940 (wank!)

This is a timeline in which many of the things that could have gone bad in Weserübung do go bad, and in wich the Norweigans have more luck and a bit more foresight. It also features Sweden being much more interventionist, for reasons that will be explained.

The Altmark boarding had gone very bad. Trying to escape the closing HMS Cossack, the Altmark had run aground in Jøssingfjord and the boarding party from the British destroyer met heavy machine and submachine gun fire as they boarded the ship. The fighting inside the German vessel lasted for several hours as the British sailors tried to force their way deeper into the ship and their desperate German enemies held them back with well-prepared machine-gun positions inside the narrow corridors of the vessel.

The Norweigan naval commander closest by, Captain Skjølden of the destroyer Garm, known among collegues as a hot-head, brought together what Norweigan naval forces that were in the area, ships from the 2. Sjøforsvarsdistrikt, foremost the old destroyers Garm and Troll from the 1. Jagerdivisjon in Stavanger, but also ships from 1. Sjøforsvarsdistrikt, the 3. Jagerdivisjon and the 2. Torpedobåtdivisjon from Kristiansand, bringing the light but modern destroyers Odin and Gyller and the old torpedo boats Skarv and Teist (the latter two would not arrive until nightfall, when the matter had already been settled due to their lower speed).

Threatening to torpedo both vessels unless fighting ceased, Skjølden managed to force the boarding party from HMS Cossack to withdraw from Altmark, to the glee of the Germans who had fought so hard to keep the British crew from freeing the prisoners. Their spite was to be short-lived as the Norweigans boarded the ship to find out what was so important that German and British sailors fought so vicously over it. Upon freeing the British sailors, Skjølden, enraged by German attempts to delay the search and British demands to turn over sailors, the German ship and the German crew to them, declared both ships interned as military forces of warring parties in neutral country.

The Germans had little ability to resists, but the HMS Cossack tried to make for open water and would not stop until the Norweigans scored a direct hit on her bow with one of the 10cm guns of Gyller, causing light damage and no fatalities, but showing the Brits that the Norweigans were serious. There has been much debate wether the Norweigans were attmeptiong a second warning shot off the British bow, but miscalculated the rapid acceleration of the British destroyer and hit, or they actually meant to hit. As HMS Cossack faced two old and two modern (albeit light) destroyers and Skarv and Teist were finally showing up at the mouth of the fjord, and a Norweigan He-115 from Kristiansand cirkled menacingly above, she accepted internment, her commander trusting British diplomacy to set her free again.
 
This situation will have the Germans still planning Weserübung as historical, while the western allies plan their own invasion around stopping the Narvik iron ore shipping. The Norweigans not enforcing neutrality is not an issue for either side, but the internment provide the excuse instead.

What do you think, plausible so far? Skjølden was among the more gutsy Norweigan naval commanders, taking his old destroyer Garm in to make a torpedo strike on the light cruiser Königsberg during the defence of Bergen. In reality, I do not know his personality, but for the sake of this timeline, I assume he's gutsy, hot-headed and proud, making for the perfect Norweigan officer in the Altmark incident of this timeline.
 
The Norweigan government now have a major headache on their hands. In theory Skjølden did the correct thing, the laws of neutrality were followed to the letter, but his actions have left both the Germans and the British less than happy, which would be the understatement of the century.

Despite the fact that both parties clearly violated Norweigan neutrality, both the British and the German ambassadors are demanding that their respective vessel is released from internment. The Germans could be fine with both vessels being released to each party and they are even prepared to forget about the 300 British sailors they held captive and let them go home with the HMS Cossack, however, the British demand that the Altmark be turned over to them and would not accept a release of both vessels to their respective owners.

The Norweigan government would most of all prefer to stay out of the war and not have to anger any party, but in the present situation, they realise that they must show both parties that they will not fold under the demands of the other party.

The Norweigan army has a slightly raised level of readiness due to the Finnish Winter War and almost half a thousand Norweigans are fighting in Finland, many with Svenska Friviligkåren and Norway has provided arms and supplies for Finland, now the level of readiness is increased for the navy and the air force as well as the coastal artillery is raised as well. It is mostly a facade of course, but as in the Swedish 2:a Armékåren along the border to Finland, it is used to get some extra training for men that have done 72-85 days of conscription and no other training at all. Several belts of mines are laid at the entrances to the various fjords during these weeks of increased readiness.

Negotiations are still ongoing, with accusations being thrown in all directions and invasions secretly prepared both by the western allies and by the Germans. The Norweigans have always been western-oriented and a nation with close ties to the British, and some of the accusations from the German ambassador that the British sailors, both the prisoners from the Altmark and the ones from the HMS Cossack, enjoy a far less strict internment than their German counterparts hold more thruth than the Norweigan government care to admit.

Negotiations are drawn out as positions are locked, and on the 8th of April 1940, both ships are still interned at Kristiansand as the eagle strikes down upon the south american city.
 
On the morning of the 8th of April 1940, the Polish submarine Orzel sinks the German freighter Rio de Janeiro, which is secretly transporting troops for Weserübung, the invasion of Norway. Norweigan ships rescue German sailors and infantrymen in uniform and army belts, some that openly brag of the invasion on the 9th, stating that they will not be prisoners for long. The information reaches the Norweigan parliament just before lunch and much debate can be heard in the restaurants and offices of the members of parliaments before the parliament convenes for the afternoon session.

There is strong resistance against any mobilisation at first. Most still think, want and hope for the war to never come to Norway, but the internment of a British and a German vessel and the slightest hint of a German attack means that the parliament will have to take at least SOME action, or the British will claim Norway is incapable of defending its neutrality, and through that intern any armed forces, and probably attempt to free their vessel in a naval operation. The First Sea Lord, a skilled orator and a charismatic as well as very aggresive man by the name of Winston Churchill has stepped up his rhetoric the last few weeks, pushing hard for the release of HMS Cossack and the British sailors and if that cannot be arranged, a full-scale invasion of Norway.

Unbeknownst to the Norweigan government, French and British forces are already on their way to invade Norway and march to the ore fields in northern Sweden.

Slowly, the debate in the parliament turns towards the "better safe than sorry" side, and a full mobilisation is ordered to start immediately. The sceptics are convinced that Norway needs to do something in order to show both sides in the Altmark Affair that she will defend herself, in order to not invite attacks. And if there's no attack, the mobilisation will at least serve as a repetition for a real situation. All parties acknowledge that 72-85 days is way too little for an infantryman and especially an NCO in conscription time, and this can allow the men some training before demobilisation.

As of 16.00 on the 8th of April, the full mobilisation starts. Radio broadcasts, emergency delivery of callups, posters and many other quick ways to get the message to the men are used and towards midnight there are already several battalions organised in the main cities.
 
The Norweigan situation on the morning of April 9th, 1940.
The Army
The Royal Guard and the 6. Division in Narvik are fully mobilised and combat ready. The remaining 5 divisions are semi-mobilised and quickly gathering. In many places, the volunteer rifle associations are turning up and being used to guard mobilisations centras, bridges, roads etc.

The mobilisation is plagues by problems. There are too few officers, the NCOs have too little training and are in many cases unable to organise units and take the role of officer when there are no officers. These problems are in some cases helped by retired officers coming back to service, by NCOs as acting officers and squad and group commanders as acting NCOs. Emergency is the mother of all inventions and a thousand irregular and non-reglemental solutions spring up to solve logistical and staffing problems during the mobilisation.

There's not enough uniforms for all, and the volunteer rifle associations' men have to do with an old blue cap from before the dissolvement of the Union with Sweden 1905, and nothing else. The two cavalry regiments have a hard time commandeering civilian vehicles for their support as planned, while the 1. Division in Oslo can draw from the relatively extensive number of civilian vehicles in the captiol and form a "flying column" of two infantry companies with some support from heavy MGs and mortars, trucked around by the most odd assortment of vehicles.

There are no AT weapons at all. There are no mines, no hand grenades, no bundle charges, no SMGs, almost no radios, almost only light artillery and all batteries except three of the medium are pre-ww1 vintage. There's no heavy artillery, no AA weapons beside a few AA MGs. Communications are sketchy at best and large-unit coordination non-existant. Norweigan divisions are administrative rather than combat formations.

However, not all is bad. There's plenty of LMGs, the if not superb at least very good Madsen 1905, rifles to go around for all. Dynamite is plentiful and used as a stop-gap replacement for mines, hand grenades and bundle charges. Molotov coctials, at first crude hand-made ones, later industrially produced after Finnish model, are widely distributed. There's enough small-arms ammunition for quite some time, and veterans from the volunteers to the winter war are spreading their knowledge on tactics and warfare in the era of mechanised armies. Also, Norweigan conscription focus on shooting skills. This combined with the massive popularity of hunting and the widespread membership in the rifle associations mean that the Norweigan soldier's average rifle shooting skill is way above that of continental soldiers, and while the sniper concept has not found its way into the Norweigan army yet, a lot of superbly skilled sharpshooters can be found within its ranks.

The army is mobilising almost 300 000 men, morale is high and the determination to defend the homeland massive. While the mobilisation has caused some confusion, in general it has started off smoothly. The absence of a rigid doctrine and a large conservative officer class to enforce it means that small Norweigan units are able to show great initiative, thinking on their feet and adopting to the situation at hand. The lack of communications at some time works in the favour of the Norweigans, as local commanders do as they see fit when headquarters cannot be reached. The lack of large-unit coordination is not as much an issue in the Norweigan terrain of hundreds of valleys and fjords framed in by high mountains. This is also a terrain that graciously lends itself to the defender and the men familiar with it.

The Navy
The navy has 2 old armoured coast defence ships, 6 modern (albeit light) destroyers (the Tor being commisioned on April the 6th in a concentrated effort after the Altmark affair), 3 old destroyers, 3 first class torpedo boats, 14 second and third class torpedo boats as well as 3 old and 6 modern submarines. There's also a smattering of minelayers, minesweepers, patrol vessels and support vessels. 1 of the old destroyers, 1 of the modern submarines and 3 of the second and third class torpedo boats are under repair on the 9th.

Of these, only the 6 modern destroyers and the 6(5) modern submarines are of any real threat to an enemy naval invasion. There are very few torpedoes for the second and third class torpedo boats and they are more patrol vessels, as they are too small, too unarmoured and too slow to be of any threat to modern cruisers and capital vessels with their high speed, armour and quick-firing guns with modern sights. The navy completely lack radar and asdic.

The Airforce
The Norweigan airforce is in a sorry state. Despite the Altmark crisis and the raised level of alert, the airforce still lacks many tools for modern warfare. There's no radar, only AA MGs for airfield AA (the few 75mm AA guns being reserved to protect hydroplants, industrial cites and cities), very little in the way of snowclearing on airfields and preciously few aircraft.

There's 12 Gloster Gladiators, of which 8 are in flying condition. The Altmark crisis and the raised level of readiness allowed the air force to rush the delivery of the 24 ordered Curtiss Hawk 75A-6 and 16 of them are ready with weapons calibrated, the remaining still awaiting assembly, arms mounting or arms and sight calibration. Spare parts and extra engines sit on the docks in Oslo along with 1065Hp Twin Wasp engines for Sweden.

A further 36 Curtiss Hawk 75A-8 are on order from the USA, but none has been shipped yet.

There's 4 Caprioni Ca.310, mostly used for liason and transport, and 32 Fokker D.Vd and e, of which about 25 are in flying condition. These are intended for army liason, artillery spotting, recoinnasance and light ground support. 23 deHavilland Tiger Moth, 20 in flying condition, are used for training, artillery spotting and recoinnasance. All Norweigan airfields are covered in snow (none of them are paved) and only the Moths, Fokkers and Gladiators have skis mounted. At Kjeller Airfield, outside Oslo, the air force have been able to commandeer civilian caterpillar tractors and plow a narrow runway (due to the increased level of readiness) for training on the new Curtiss Hawk fighters.

The Gladiators are stationed at Fornebo outside Oslo, while Kjeller (also outside Oslo) houses the army air force HQ as well as the Hawk fighter squadron and the air school/ligh recoinnasance squadron. A mixed Fokker and Moth squadron is based at Sola outside Stavanger, Vaernas outside Trondheim and Bardufoss outside Narvik, for a grand total of 7 squadrons (2 fighter, 1 school/light recoinnasance and 4 recoinnasance).

The naval air force added their own 3 squadrons, with 6 He-115, 24 MF-10 and MF-11 as well as a smattering of liason aircraft.
 
Last edited:
A TL after my own heart!:)

The one thing which might hurt would be if Germany delays the landing by a day or two, after the British arrive in Narvik.

Also, if the Germans get any kind of toehold the British simply must completely transform OTL attitudes of a brigade here and a battalion there or...:(
 
No, the Germans will arrive first, wich will have the effect of the British and French (arriving 1-2 days later) beeing greeted as allies and liberators, much to their own surprise. ;)

What the British need to do more than landing large units is to supply the Norweigans with artillery, SMGs and AT guns and AT rifles. The British are useless in this kind of terrain, and the Norweigans will have almost 200 000 men in the field, making for a ROUGH ride for the Germans, despite tactical superiority and air superiority.
 

Oddball

Monthly Donor
The Norweigan government now have a major headache on their hands. In theory Skjølden did the correct thing, the laws of neutrality were followed to the letter, but his actions have left both the Germans and the British less than happy, which would be the understatement of the century.

Major headache? Id rather say they in the best case would be runing around screaming insults towards the Navy :D

Worst case would be completley shock and utter lack of action :(

Tough your ATL is very correct regarding the laws of neutrality, the scenario is highly in conflict with the norwegian stance at the time. Strickt neutrality versus Germany, yes. But highly friendly towards Britain.:)
 

Oddball

Monthly Donor
There is strong resistance against any mobilisation at first. Most still think, want and hope for the war to never come to Norway, but the internment of a British and a German vessel and the slightest hint of a German attack means that the parliament will have to take at least SOME action, or the British will claim Norway is incapable of defending its neutrality, and through that intern any armed forces, and probably attempt to free their vessel in a naval operation.

You need a new government (and parliament probably) to do this, Im afraid.

You need to hope for the opinion to change on basis of the Altmark afaire, then have the current government resigning. Based on the shift in the opinion and accordingly the parliament (stretching now :() let the new government be based on a mobilization.

Problem is that OTL parlament was highly unlikely to do just this. Pacifism was paramount in a large majority. :(

Sadly the most likely outcome from your ATL Altmark, would be serious further restrictions to Navy operations :(
 
Well, it is ATL after all. The navy put fait accompli in accordance with neutrality laws in front of the government. They could not give in to either the British nor the Germans without severly angering the other, and negotiations were still going in this timeline when both sides are invading.

The governmnet did order a partial mobilisation on the 8th, I just made them order a full one instead.

Perhaps I should add a section about public opinion, "the hero of Jøssingfjord" etc. I know the government's answer is slighly unlikely, but it is a wank timeline anyway.

This timeline will also feature a highly unlikely Swedish response to the invasion too. :)
 
von Adler, I'll get back this evening with specifics on the following detail:

The entire German panzer contingent in Norway consisted of a hastily gathered contingent of less than 50 older and experimental tanks.

Darn shame if one of those 35 destroyers, torpedo boats or subs just happened to sight the ship carrying it, yes?:D
 
von Adler, I'll get back this evening with specifics on the following detail:

The entire German panzer contingent in Norway consisted of a hastily gathered contingent of less than 50 older and experimental tanks.

Darn shame if one of those 35 destroyers, torpedo boats or subs just happened to sight the ship carrying it, yes?:D

Er...

I was going to say something then the phone rang

What was it ?

Best Regards
Grey Wolf
 
von Adler, I'll get back this evening with specifics on the following detail:

The entire German panzer contingent in Norway consisted of a hastily gathered contingent of less than 50 older and experimental tanks.

Oh yeah, this included IIRC the only 2 of the first tank to be called Panzer IV, that was never proceeded with

Best Regards
Grey Wolf
 
There's not enough uniforms for all, and the volunteer rifle associations' men have to do with an old blue cap from before the dissolvement of the Union with Sweden 1905, and nothing else.
Gee, I hope there's some female shooters:). The idea of soldiers going into battle wearing nothing but a cap is ... interesting.

[ja, ja, I know, you meant nothing IN THE WAY OF A UNIFORM aside from a blue cap]
 
That would be a bit... cold (or hot) in Norway in april 1940. :p

For the next section, I'll descibe the fate of the German landings, the initial fighting and the Swedish response. I recently fund a good source on the availability of ammunition in Sweden 1940.
 

Markus

Banned
What the British need to do more than landing large units is to supply the Norweigans with artillery, SMGs and AT guns and AT rifles.

Why? The German assault was lead by paratroopers. That´s very light infantry with no tanks, next to no artillery and few SMGs. Furthermore the only tanks send to Norway were Pz.II tin cans.


The British are useless in this kind of terrain, and the Norwegians will have almost 200 000 men in the field, making for a ROUGH ride for the Germans, despite tactical superiority and air superiority.

German air superiority? How? In you TL the Norwegians mobilize much more quickly and that greatly decreases the chance of the Germans capturing and holding the key airfields in southern Norway. Without the airfields the invasion is DOA!

By the way, my book from 1960 says if all six Inf.Div are mobilized the size of the Army will be 110,000 men, not 300,000.
 
Last edited:
Top