The Red Crowns: The World of Imperial Socialism

I assume you mean Frederich III, not Frederich IV....

But a good Fredercik who survives, is generally a good German Empire.
Frederich prefered the regnal name IV, and to be honest it made more sense to be that, but Bismark decided it'd cause legal troubles so they avoided it. Poorer relations with the Iron Chancellor mean a different number. :p "The conservative William, however, lived a long life, dying at the age of 90 on 9 March 1888. Logically, Frederick should have taken as his regnal name either Frederick I (if the Bismarckian empire was considered a new entity) or Frederick IV (if it was considered a continuation of the old Holy Roman Empire, which had had three emperors named Frederick); he himself preferred the latter."

But yeah Germany are already going in quite a different direction.

In its own way it seems to me that Australasia will be defending Westralia, at least for a while. I mean, it has the benefit of population and resources that Westralia does not.

They're both still very close to the UK of course but its definitely something of a big/little Brother relationship; protective and friendly, if at times bitter. :)

I like this. I like this a lot.

Awesome! :D I'm glad you enjoy what I've got and I hope it stays good.

Imperial socialism good. Imperial socialism win.

It sure is and don't worry, at some point it will ;)

19th century huh? My FAVOURITE kind of alt-history

Fantastic, I mean we're accelerating towards 1900 so alas only a few more years here honestly its my favourite period too, so much potential!

Also anyone if there's something specific you'd like to see I'm putting together the bulk of today's update now so just ask!
 
Frederich prefered the regnal name IV, and to be honest it made more sense to be that, but Bismark decided it'd cause legal troubles so they avoided it. Poorer relations with the Iron Chancellor mean a different number. :p "The conservative William, however, lived a long life, dying at the age of 90 on 9 March 1888. Logically, Frederick should have taken as his regnal name either Frederick I (if the Bismarckian empire was considered a new entity) or Frederick IV (if it was considered a continuation of the old Holy Roman Empire, which had had three emperors named Frederick); he himself preferred the latter."

But yeah Germany are already going in quite a different direction.

Huh! Well, you learn something new everyday....I humbly stand corrected. But that is a decent butterfly there and will cause some trouble with the Franz-Josef, at least to a certain degree.
They're both still very close to the UK of course but its definitely something of a big/little Brother relationship; protective and friendly, if at times bitter. :)

Like the use of making them Dominions/getting Federated earlier. I am surprised you didn't go for the whole "subordinate Kingdom" route....
 
IV - Suns and Stars
Chapter Four: Suns and Stars



Extract from: Gokajō no Goseimon

By: Joseph Makamura, 1999


The Sun never set on the British but, of course, that sun had to rise somewhere. Following the victory of the pro-British Imperial Faction in the Boshin War, Japan had modernised largely on British lines. Their ships were designed (and mostly built) in London and Portsmouth, her Diet was an almost exact replica of Great Britain’s and the forward thinking Emperor Meiji did much to encourage links with the British Royal family. Japan had tied herself firmly to the British pole but what started out as a minor, regional ally had over the course of barely a few decades flourished into a real and major power, though few outside of the Pacific truly appreciated that and even the British treated the Japanese with a patronising attitude at best.


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Meiji "The Great" was Japan's first modern Emperor.

The Japanese Government was less democratic than the British but liberalising steadily. Their technological and industrial growth was spurred on by Anglo-American business as well as local government intervention, exports of rice to Britain and her colonies as well as an alarmingly rapid development of train lines led to the fastest economic growth in the world. Government modernisation led to an equally speedy growth of the middle class, with western education pouring in to prop up a new generations of intellectuals. Authors, painters, architects and scientists all flourished and combined western modernity with Japanese tradition. Culture flourished and authors such as Fukuzawa Yukichi or early Japanese suffragist Natsu Higuchi published books popular not only in Japan but also in China, America and the British Empire. The Emperor’s young son, Prince Yoshihito, accompanied him on a visit to Europe in 1885 and would forever be inspired by the sights; later studying at Cambridge University and taking a keen interest in neo-classical and neo-gothic architecture.


What cemented them as a new and rising power was their overwhelming victory in the Sino-Japanese War. In August 1886 a large Chinese fleet, the Beiyang Fleet, was making a tour of Asia; an attempt to demonstrate (falsely of course) that China remained powerful and stable. The great fleet made its way into Nagasaki Harbour and the sailors; drunk and underpaid, rioted through the streets. Tensions were already high between the two nations over the status of Korea and when the rioting resulted in a dangerous and quick spreading fire, the Japanese demanded compensation. The Chinese not only refused but demanded the return of their Fleet, which the Japanese had seized in harbour and detained. By September, shots were being fired at sea and on land. With a quarter of their navy already interned in Nagasaki (as many of the Chinese’s modern ships had been a part of the Beiyang Fleet) the war at sea was short and brutal, the British-designed Japanese fleet cutting through the Chinese in the Battle of Pungdo. Meanwhile following a successful Japanese landing in Korea and a crushing victory at the Battle of Pyongyang (Japanese troops equipped with British Martini-Henry Rifles dominated the comparatively backwards weaponry of their foes) pushed the Chinese from Korea entirely. As the war dragged into early 1888 and repeated Chinese counter offensives met with failure, as well as successful Japanese landings in Taipei and Hainan, the Chinese were brought to the negotiating table.

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Japanese troops firing on a Chinese column in Taipei.

The Treaty of Hong Kong was negotiated by the, not at all biased, British and dictated that Korea was to be firmly within Japanese Sphere of influence, that Hainan and Taipei islands would be ceded to the Empire of Japan and that the Japanese would receive a treaty port in the city of Lushun or as the Japanese would dub it, Ryojun. The treaty left Japan beaming and powerful and although the Russians would seize Ryojun, themselves desiring a warm water port on the Pacific, her new acquisitions established Tokyo as the dominant local power.

As of 1894 the Japanese continue their meteoric rise; already a modern nation, they now have designs on Spanish holdings in the pacific as well as the seemingly less accessible French and Russian eastern colonies. Joined at the hip to London, there is much hope in Japan’s future.



Extract from: The Five Party Systems of the USA
By: Senator Michael Biden, 1979


The US had had a tumultuous few decades but, much like their European and Japanese counterparts, seemed to be flourishing by the 1880s. Her land was open and free, her people wealthy and secure and the new state of Colorado brought the Union to a round 38. Over the course of the 1880s and early 1890s fivenew states would be added; Idaho, Wyoming, Lakota, Montana and Olympia, the name of which would cause a great deal of headaches; both initial suggestions, Washington and Columbia, could have been easily confused with Washington DC and though Washington was the preferred option for a long time, Olympia was settled on as a compromise. This integration showed the direction of the US during the period; safe, stable and internal growth. The Presidents of the age, Harrison, Cleveland and Garfield are not particularly considered men of note these days, most are scarcely remembered and American politics was rather dull and conventional. Spurred by the issue of the Gold Standard and with rising Progressive ideals within and without both the Democratic and Republican parties, the Progressive era would dawn following the 1892 election.

The old back and forth between the Democrats and Republicans had gone on since the Civil War and now, for the first time, a group of genuine minor candidates emerged. First of all, the People’s Party (known as Populists) were a populist, agrarian and progressive party in favour of economic reform, bimetallism and generally left wing policies. Their leader, Leonidas L Polk, had cobbled together the party out of a pan-national agrarian alliance and had oddly wide reach; its progressive politics struck home in the North East whilst its agrarian policies were exceptionally popular in Texas (where the party had been founded) and particularly in the mid-west. They seemed to have a real shot at the presidency or, at the very least, to push their Meanwhile the Prohibition Party (or simply Prohibitionists) emerged on the right of American politics; in favour of, unsurprisingly, prohibition of alcohol and Protestant values. They nominated Wayne Wheeler, prominent attorney and conservative orator, with the belief that a legal man would receive more attention and credit than the Pastors who made up the majority of the party. Undoubtedly smaller than even the Populists, the Prohibitionists hoped to win the south and persuade the eventual president to support Prohibition.

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Polk was popular, intelligent and charming; the perfect outsider candidate. Meanwhile Wheeler was admittedly a little young but had much potential and a strong background in law.

Whilst the two new parties put forward strong candidates, the main parties are generally considered to have made poor choices. The Democrats went with ageing ex-President Grover Cleveland whose popularity was beginning to fade and who modern historians deem too old and played out to truly compete in the modern age. They did, however, show a great deal of sense by nominating party stalwart and populist Horace Boies, who in truth shared more of the views of the People’s Party than the Democrats. Meanwhile the Republican candidate Benjamin Harris was a sensible if dull choice with Whitelaw Reid as his nominated VP. The election was fought bitterly and in the end it was Polk that dominated the discussion, though few expected him to become President. Cleveland’s performance didn't help and only reinforced the conception of him as an old, tired man. Cleveland at the least had experience on his side, the Republicans meanwhile were largely sidelined; with three charismatic, large figures running against them their votes were squeezed from all directions. When the results came in, no one would really be satisfied and a flurry of negotiations would begin.



1892 Election Results, 223 to Win:

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218 Electors - Cleveland (Democratic)
5,121,301 Votes - 42.5%

140 Electors - Harrison (Republican)

4,487,591 Votes - 37.2%


55 - Polk (People’s)
1,721,989 Votes - 14.2%


31 - Wheeler (Prohibition)
630,048 Votes - 5.2%



The election was always going to be close and inevitably, with the Populist capture of Texas, Idaho, Nevada, Lakota, Colorado, Kansas and Wisconsin as well as the Prohibition victory in the Carolinas and Alabama, the two mainstream parties could not generate enough support in the electoral college to declare themselves President. Cleveland was but three electoral votes away from returning to the White House and the Democrats hoped to persuade some of the southern electors from the Prohibition Party to back them or turned to Texan People’s electors but both stayed true to the party. What decided the election was an unexpected boon for a Presidential candidate no one had even voted for, Leonidas Polk approached the Democrats and made them an offer; the People’s Party would give the Democrats all their electors but not to Cleveland, they wanted his Vice President, Boies,to take the top job and to implement Bimetallism. That was their only demand; no large favours, no major policy changes, just Boies and Silver. Meanwhile the Prohibitionists made their own offer; Prohibition across the United States and a Prohibitionist VP in exchange for their own electors. Whilst the Prohibitionists were perhaps closer to the bulk of the Democratic Party, their offer was much more demanding. The third option was to the throw the election to the House which would take time and though likely to end in a Democratic victory, had the potential to slip out of their hands and the chaos of this situation (particularly following the "stolen election" of 1888) led the Democrats down a more cautious route. Thus the Democratic National Congress, whilst hesitant at first, agreed to take the Populists up on their offer, much to the disgust of Cleveland who retained the support of a handful of electors. The Democratic establishment was split on the issue, many preferring the Prohibitionists as allies and many more outraged by the "betrayal" of Cleveland. The Republicans were outraged and saw the act as legally dubious at best. Despite the noise however, the main alternative was throwing the election to the House, which would end up with a Boies Presidency anyway. Even a last minute attempt to ally "Loyalist", pro-Cleveland Democrats to the Prohibition Party fell through. In the end, President Horace Boies would be sworn in as President in early 1893 and selected William Jennings Bryan who, as both in favour of prohibition and of populist ideals, seemed the perfect compromise candidate. The two men shaped the fate of America and the Progressive Age had begun. Eyes turned to the Caribbean and, specifically, to Cuba.

Final Elector Count:

255 - Boies (Democratic/People's)

140 - Harrison (Republican)

31 - Wheeler (Prohibition)

18 - Cleveland ("Loyalist" Democratic)

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He hadn't expected to lead the American people so soon but Horace Boies was determined to make the best go of it he could.

 
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Damn, now that's an election. Not 1824-ish, but definitely similar in some ways. Cleveland could decry a "corrupt bargain" and I bet he is sore and bitter.

So Japan will also do what Japan does best. With British backing of course.
 
V - La Marseilles
Chapter Five: La Marseilles


Extract from: Egalite, Fraternite, Sang

By: Susana Villeneuve, Published 2001



The French Republic limped into the 1870s with no hope and no prospects and waltzed out of the 1880s with a massive smile and an even more massive military. The shame that emerged from the brutal and short First Franco-German War led to the fall in shame of Napoleon III and the rebirth of the Republic. It was a time of great uncertainty however and the red revolution of 1871, the Paris Commune, sent fear running though the people of not only France but across Europe. Whilst it was crushed, the commune shook the young republic and most of the 1870s were spent in a period of political discord and anarchy. The big arguments of the age revolved not primarily around right vs left but around republic vs monarchy. Whilst the House of Bonaparte had been, at least for now, driven firmly from France, the Bourbons returned from the woodwork; emboldened by the self imposed exile of their long term foes. Split into the Legitimists and Orleanists, Bourbon monarchists repeatedly clashed with the Republicans and Radicals who occupied the mainstream of French politics. In general the French slid rightward during the 1870s and the first President of the new republic, Adolphe Theirs, was forced to resign for “not being conservative enough”. Theirs was replaced with French Marshall Patrice MacMahon. MacMahon was a military man through and through and his government was composed as such; military appointments dominated, as did conservative republicans. President MacMahon was, correctly, ever fretting over potential coups from left and right. Despite his former status as the Duke of Magenta and his own ambitions, the President took his appointed role seriously; acting as a fair and neutral protector of the republic and its constitution. Appointing the enormously popular and undeniably militarist Georges Boulanger to the position of Prime Minister, MacMahon was able to form a stable coalition and shut out monarchist influence. Boulanger however, presented a new threat; his nickname Général Revanche rang true and the new PM began rearming the French at home and aggressively expanding abroad. MacMahon had been hesitant to appoint Boulanger but hoped that, by appointing him, he could keep him in check and utilise Boulanger’s military prestige and popularity to prop up the unstable republic. His ambition and personality were large and, following his appointment in 1872, would rule France for 17 years. Rather than creating a balanced ticket, a military president appointing a military Prime Minister set the stage for the rise of Boulangism and Revanche Republicanism in general. Politically, the man should have been doomed; opposed on the left by Radicals and Socialists and on the right by Monarchists of many flavours, it was only the man’s intense personal popularity and the division of his opposition that led to his victory in four subsequent elections. Boulanger was also an intelligent man and toned down his most extreme views to placate his allies, instead building a long term political faction within the Radical Republicans, his primary supporters in the French Parliament.

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General Revanche, France's response to the Iron Chancellor.

In 1877 France went to war with China; annexing northern Vietnam and trouncing the Chinese Army. Following the failure of King Leopold of Belgium in colonising the Congo, France lept into action advancing her interests in the Congo by annexing coastal territories in 1882 and moving slowly southwards from her northern colonies. Boulanger was one of the key players at the Stockholm Conference of 1885, which organised the colonisation of Africa, and set about the annexation of vast swathes of Northern, Western and Central Africa. By 1890, a year after Boulanger’s resignation, France was the joint-premier power on the continent; sharing the title and the Congo basin with the British, a source of constant tension. At home, Boulanger pushed for military reform; relaxing restrictions on soldiers and pushing military interests to the top of the pile. The introduction of the 1885 Fusil Lebel rifle which, whilst often poorly compared to the British Enfield-Metford and German Gewehr 1888, was a modern and innovative piece at its time of introduction. Even after his removal, the innovation continued. The French Army boomed in size to nearly one and a half million men. Paris doubled down on this advantage, signing the Franco-Russian Alliance, which was perceived as a key part of the strategy against Germany, with Russian Emperor Alexander III in February 1889. Boulanger was an Army man through and through and whilst he put France as a larger military force (in sheer numbers alone) than their German rivals, he neglected to invest in the French Navy.
Boulanger totally restored France’s reputation as a military power and his removal only came when it became clear to his parliamentary allies, the Radical Republicans, that he was not pursuing a theoretical, long term revenge with France but had in fact planned to invade France’s eastern neighbour at short notice, he hoped that a victory over the Germans in 1890 would allow France to move past the shame of their past. Rapidly, the Republicans drafted Ernest Constans to replace him and Boulanger lost any and all support in the Senate, resigning on March 9th, 1889. Despite his removal, Boulanger had succeeded in establishing France as a militaristic and revanchist power for years to come.

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Proud and powerful, France was back and stronger than ever.
With the French royal family fled to England and France firmly in the grip of Revanchist Republicanism, young Prince Napoleon, pretender-heir to the French throne, took a keen interest in Imperial Socialist thought and, in 1889, became a member of the Fabian Society. Upon his joining, the Prince wrote in his diary “I have never before seen the ideology, truly, of Bonapartism so expertly given form, and from Englishmen no less!”. This was not without precedent, Napoleon’s father, Napoleon III, was famously considered a liberal and a socilaist, once remarking (whilst ironically decrying Bonapartism as an ideology) “The Empress is legitimate, my cousin is a republican and as for me, I am a socialist.” The younger Napoleon’s role in London society actually gave a significant boon to the movement and laid the foundation for its movement from a firmly British ideology to a more cosmopolitan, global one. Whilst unimportant or now, the young Prince would act as an important spokesman for the movement and gave speeches in its favour across Britain, Canada and the United States. He is most well noted for furthering the popularity of the movement in Quebec, where it had been considered a political cancer. The support of a King, nay an Emperor did much to boost the movement and for a short time between 1892 and 1895, Napoleon would sit on the Executive Council of the Fabian Society.




Acuweb E-Post chain from January, 2019



From: aej/mag/oxf/uni/com

To: mcc/war/cam/uni/com

22/01/2019

Dear Marie,


I’ve attached the latest chunk of my dissertation, I’ve had to fit it in around campaigning for the election so this might seem a little rushed. Annoyingly, I need to get through to the 1920s before I hit 5000 words if the essay is going to be under the word count so this is what I’ve got for the success of the party outside of Britain in the 1890s, thoughts? My professor is a hardass and he's pretty old school (I think he's a Liberal, might even be a Tory, if there are any of them left!) so I've got to be tight on the background stuff. You'd probably like him but when I let slip about you I got a right ribbing for dating a tab.

Also if we are going to Hong Kong in August we’d better book the tickets now, both CA and Skyhansa are offering deals.

Oh and please tell your ma to stop bringing me so much food; its nice to have a stand in Mum whilst I’m in Oxford but I don’t need four servings of Szechuan noodles a day.


Love you, talk soon!

Yours,
Artie
----

Attachment:

Extract from: The Red Crowns - The World of Imperial Socialism
By: Arthur Ellis Johnson, 2019


The Imperial Socialist party at first constrained its actions to the United Kingdom but, before long, had spread across the Empire. Advocating from the very start the previously Conservative position of Imperial Federation with a new, egalitarian swing, they met with early if modest success in the dominions. In Canada
four Imperial Socialist MPs were elected in the 1891 election, two in Western mining regions, one in Quebec (thanks to Bonapartist sympathies) and the most shocking in Vancouver where the National leader of the Fabians defeated both liberal and conservative candidates. Ralph Smith was a Newcastle born Miner turned Union Boss turned Politician and, at the time, the most well known Fabian leader outside of Britain.

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Whilst smaller than the British faction, Smith's Canadian Fabians (or as some painful insist on calling them, Canfabians) were initially the most prominent ImpSoc faction overseas.
In Australasia, local Imperial Socialists formed a pact with the Australasian Labor party and won ten seats in the 1892 elections, primarily across South Australia and North Island, New Zealand. The Fabian-Labour faction in the Australasian parliament was a key part of the Protectionist minority governments of 1892-1899, supporting their tax and trade measures in exchange for progressive labour laws and educational reform, pionered by their leader and MP for Boothby, Lee Batchelor. In the Cape elections of 1893 an Imperial Socialist MP was elected in Bechuanaland (which admittedly had a voter count of 1,700), three in Griqualand West and two in Midland district. Importantly, Cape Imperial Socialists caught the eye of Prime Minister Solomon who would eventually be won to their side. In Westralia the movement utterly failed to make traction, their newly won independence too important to surrender to London again or to anyone else. Despite this, by 1894 the Imperial Socialists could claim 21 MPs outside of Britain and before long their calls for “Imperial reorganisation” and integration began to sway public opinion.

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Batchellor's Australasian Fabians were forced to coexist with the already extant Labor party but were able to work out a comfortable electoral pact.
Many question why only recently independent nations might at all want to be subsumed into a larger whole but what the Fabians were offering was more than a return to rule from London; they were offering far greater control over Imperial policy. Despite the independence of the dominions, London was still in charge of their foreign affairs and much of their economic policy; it provided for their defence and gave them their opportunities for expansion. Under the current systems of semi-independent dominions, citizens of the dominions had no say in the general direction of Empire and, outside of their own domestic affairs, were utterly subservient to the British voter. As part of an Imperial federation however, there would be flat equality; a vote in Sydney or Toronto had as much sway as one in London and that was something people desired. The dream would be hard to achieve but with support from almost every corner of the Empire, it was at least possible.
 
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Damn, now that's an election. Not 1824-ish, but definitely similar in some ways. Cleveland could decry a "corrupt bargain" and I bet he is sore and bitter.

So Japan will also do what Japan does best. With British backing of course.

I love this period of American politics because its a bit bonkers, alas I haven't gone into very much depth at all because you could easily do a whole TL on that election alone but I hope its an interesting scenario none the less. The weird quirks of the US system make everything a lot more entertaining.

And yup; Japan sticking to schedule, though things are going to start diverging soon.

Does the average German citizen know Fredrick I/IV is mute or has that been concealed from the public?

Whilst it would have been good to keep the muteness under wraps, the increasingly public-facing nature of the German monarchy means hiding it is next to impossible. Frederich has enough clout and respect among his people to get away with it though and its most commonly seen as a point of sympathy rather than one of weakness.

Japan old chum, just don't become Whatever the hell that Bushido and JAPANESE DESTINY shit was.

Japan, more than anyone else, are probably closest to their OTL selves so far. That won't last long however, as you'll see...

Just seen this and I agree I didn't know I needed imperial socialism but now I do
Glad to see this back again, looking forward to more.

Great stuff all round, stay tuned for more!
 
Surviving British empire is good. So I see you're setting Russia up as the villain here? What with ImpSoc and liberalism (your ideology of choice) becoming popular in Britain, Germany and France.

What of Austria-Hungary?

Good timeline, hope it doesn't die again.
 
Imperial Socialism or something like really is one of those fascinatingly British ideas that could very well have come up if not for the experience of Russia's revolution. It could be apocryphal, but I read somewhere that Marx said that the best people to enact socialism would be the British and the worst would be the Russians. A bang up job here, and I'm thoroughly looking forward to more.
 
Imperial federalism, and imperial socialism. AE likes... :cool:

:D I'm glad its keeping you entertained! There might be a teeny bit of wish-fulfillment here ;)

Imperial Socialism is certainly interesting.

Glad you think so!
Surviving British empire is good. So I see you're setting Russia up as the villain here? What with ImpSoc and liberalism (your ideology of choice) becoming popular in Britain, Germany and France.

What of Austria-Hungary?

Good timeline, hope it doesn't die again.

Hmm interesting analysis, I get where you're coming from but remember; its only 1894, I have plans up to the 2000s so there'll be plenty of twists and turns. I wouldn't call Russia the villains or anyone the "villains" really, but I know what you mean.

As for Anglo-German-French ImpSoc, remember that Napoleon is in exile (as OTL) and France is quite devotedly republican and right wing at the minute. As for Germany, Good King Fred is on the side of liberalism but Wilhelm II is still heir to the throne and the country is open to move in many directions. Hell even Imperial Socialism itself has some dark connotations emerge, which I hope to have a look at particularly as we come into the 1900s. I don't want this TL to be a "Socialist/Liberal Wank" so I hope it'll stay believable and relatively sympathetic all round.

Austria-Hungary should be in the next update, alongside Russia and aha, fingers crosssed I can stay committed this time! It's gone well so far :)

But I hope you continue to enjoy

What's going to happen to China? Will the Qing reform? Will they still fall and have an Imperial Socialist Party rise to power?

All in good time! China is mostly as OTL for now but after the next sort of section (covering a medium/big war between 1894 and 1895) they'll be getting a lot of attention. Lots of divergence, lots of directions ;)

Imperial Socialism or something like really is one of those fascinatingly British ideas that could very well have come up if not for the experience of Russia's revolution. It could be apocryphal, but I read somewhere that Marx said that the best people to enact socialism would be the British and the worst would be the Russians. A bang up job here, and I'm thoroughly looking forward to more.

I do like it as a quirk of British unique thought, its very interesting to think how socialism could have developed on the world stage without Bolshevism tarnishing it somewhat. In the old version someone commented that it was very "Orwellian" in a positive sense, indeed a lot of the origins of the thought process behind it came from Orwell's essay Lion and the Unicorn, which is the closest we get to ImpSoc in OTL.

Anyway I'm glad you're enjoying it and I hope I'll keep it interesting!


Authors note: Update might get out today but might be delayed till tommorow, dealing with Russia, Austria and maybe Itly before we move on to the big drama of the 1890s, the Short War
 
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