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On January 1, 1918, the Bolshevik representative Trotsky after only nine days of negotiations, signed the Brest-Litovsk treaty with the Central Powers. In accordance to the treaty Soviet Russia would cede Poland (including Western Belarus and Ukraine) and Lithuania, essentially the territories already controlled by the Germans. Trotsky would have preferred his no war, no peace-formula, but it was recognized by the Bolshevik leadership that such a move might risk renewed German invasion and even greater loss of land. It was thus rejected.
The front line marks roughly the areas ceded to the CPs in this TL, the coloured area those ceded at a later date OTL.
How does this affect the world? The Bolsheviks should be in a stronger position both land-wise, politically and militarily, since their defeat towards Germany has not been as disastrous leaving them more land, more troops and probable more popularity. Not to mention more bread.
At the other hand, it frees up the Germans. They will have more time to destroy the French, and need less troops to occupy the east.