History portrays François II of France as a sickly youth who inherited the throne at a very young age because of a tragic jousting event which claimed the life of his father, and then later succumbs to an ear infection a year into his own reign and leaving his wife, the beautiful and passionate queen of Scots, a young widow forced to return to her homeland; however, what if fate were reversed? What if François outgrew the phase of his sickly youth and transformed into a strapping young man, fit to rule not one but two kingdoms? Would he manage to gain the people’s adoration and restore popularity to the House of Valois, smoothing over the rising Protestant reform both at home and in his wife’s country? Would he bend the knee to Catholic lords calling for aggressive and immediate action, or would he and his queen lead the peoples of France and Scotland to some form of peace? Also, what of relations with the English queen Elizabeth, his wife’s greatest rival who his father had made an enemy of by naming the couple king and queen of “Scotland and England” at their wedding feast?

Part 1: [1559] “The king is dead! Long live the king!”

The year is 1559, and despite the warm summer heat of July, French court is now swathed in black mourning to mark the passing of the once charming and athletic young King, Henrii II. Members of the royal family begin taking their places in the funeral procession, first the new king and then the queens, the dowager in black yielding the place of honor to the younger in white, as wife of the now-reigning monarch. The other princes filed behind and they all made their way to the Basilica of Saint Denis, where their father would be laid to rest. Following the ceremony the royal court was moved to the Palace of Tau, where preparations were made to assemble the king’s government and to prepare for his coronation.

At fifteen years of age, the king had shot up in height to a striking height of 6’2” with broad shoulders, like his father, and a passion for physical activity such as the hunt and sword-fare. Though he could grow patchy facial hair, he kept clean shaven, and wore his hair trimmed short. As far as his studies went, he was an excellent student, like his mother Catherine de’Medici, with a thirst for new knowledge and a passion for politics, unlike his father. In all these things he found a match in his wife, Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, and the two were well-noted for their fondness for one another since childhood. She had also grown to be astonishingly tall, particularly for a woman, towering over most all but her husband, at 5’11”, and was revered by all who saw her as the ‘most beautiful queen in all Christendom.’ This mutual fondness quickly grew beyond the familiarity of youth to a passionate romance that both scandalized and wooed all the courts of Europe with tales of the handsome royal couple—similar to the queen’s ancestors Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville.

Given that the king was old enough to rule in his own right, in addition to his physical strength and mental sharpness, he refused to delegate his power to a regent, opting to rely on the counsel of his mother and his wife’s Guise uncles only for support, knowing that naming them his official chief advisors might cause grief with the Princes of the Blood. Louis, Prince of Condé, younger brother to Prince of the Blood Antoine, King of Navarre was summoned to court to better represent said faction and to support peace. Instructions were also given to direct Scottish affairs of state to his and Mary’s attention before their approval. The early days of their reign were marked by growing religious tension between Catholics and Protestants, and a sizeable national debt of 48million livres, while the king’s income only amounted to 12million livres a year. All efforts would be made to strengthen the monarchy’s image among nobles and lower-classes.

In September of that same year a coronation worthy of the Lord himself was put on display for all to see at Reims Cathedral. The celebrations were marvelous, boldly displaying the royal French and Scottish banners as the king and his queen were paraded through the city streets. As a queen regnant, Mary was not crowned, but was seated upon the royal dais in the Scottish regalia to look on as her husband took the holy oil upon his breast and forehead. By the end of the month, only days after the ceremony, doctors confirmed that the queen was pregnant—rumors had been circulating the court since shortly after Henrii’s passing. By the end of the year, English ambassadors arrived at court on behalf of Elizabeth and sought to enter negotiations concerning the aggressive relations between their nations.
 
Garret Mattingly (in The Armada) noted - I quote from memory - that one of the possible alternatives of high politics in the 16th C was an Anglo-French rapprochement based on commerce, recreating in some form the wool trade as it had been in the Yorkist / Burgundian Age.

Does this marital version of the Auld Alliance (wait for it) scotch that possibility? Or does it, just possibly, suggest another means of working through the issues?

There's also the fact that the big loser here is Philip of Spain. Issues of creed aside, does this push Hampton Court and the Escorial back into each others' arms as having (a) common enemies and (b) a potential good market exchanging woollens for sherry and oranges?
 
The Lily and the Lioness: Fraçois and Mary pt. II
Part 2: [1560] "Be Fruitful and Multiply"

Official negotiations between England, Scotland, and France were held at the Louvre Palace in Paris starting in February of 1560. Their Most Serene Majesties King François, Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth agreed to withdraw the majority of French and all English military forces from Scotland and discontinue the exchange of weapons. This would effectively end the Auld Alliance, out of seeking peace with England. Queen Mary agreed to remove the English signs and arms from her heraldry and deny her claim as being the rightful sovereign, but Queen Elizabeth was to agree to remove the English pretense to the throne of France from her title. The Most Christian monarchs did, however, acknowledge Elizabeth as the rightful queen of England and Ireland. The treaty would not be ratified until later that year as Queen Mary entered her confinement in February, preparing for the delivery of her child.


On 17 March Queen Mary went into labor at the Château de Fontainebleau. The birth was noted for being a relatively difficult one, lasting a total span of fourteen hours, but the queen delivered a healthy baby boy mid-morning on 18 March, weighing a remarkable nine-and-a-half pounds. He was baptized “Jacques François” (James Francis) on 14 February at the Chapelle des Trinitaires in Fontainebleau. His godparents were his paternal uncle HRH Charles, Duke of Orléans; Queen Elizabeth of England and Ireland; and Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy. As the eldest son and heir apparent to both his parents he automatically became Dauphin of France, Governor of Languedoc, Duke of Rothesay, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland. Mary and François ratified the Treaty of Louvre in March.


The Franco-Scots monarchs next sought to establish better relations with the Protestants as well as decrease the national debt. In France, Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Conde was named chief advisor to the king, and his brother; Antoine, King of Navarre (although Catholic) was appointed to serve alongside Francis, Duke of Guise as military leaders of France. Marriage arrangements between the daughter of Antoine and Jean III of Navarre, Catherine de Bourbon (b. 1559) and King François’s younger brother Hercule François, Duke of Alençon (b. 1555) were discussed and the official engagement made in July. In Scotland, Queen Mary appointed her illegitimate half-brother James, Earl of Moray to serve as co-regent alongside her mother, Dowager Queen Marie de Guise, due to his association with the Protestant religion and general popularity among the people as a Stewart. However, while strengthening these Protestant bonds, they had to be careful not to allow their catholic nobles to feel left out, which would only serve to increase the tense dealings between the two. Catholicism was maintained as the official state religion in France, but toleration was granted so long as loyalty to the crown was sworn. Another arranged marriage was proposed for HRH Charles, Duke of Orléans (b. 1550) and HI&RH Elisabeth of Austria (b. 1554), granddaughter of HRE Ferdinand I.


Meanwhile in England, Queen Elizabeth understood the threat that her cousin the Queen of France and Scotland now posed, as the mother of an heir, even though the Treaty of Louvre acknowledged Elizabeth’s right to rule. She seriously began to consider finding a husband in order to prevent French foreign control of the throne of England, and did not wish to consider a Catholic match. Proposals were made in regards to her cousin, Edward Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (b. 1526), grandson of Princess Catherine of York, daughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. Courtenay had been banished from court by Elizabeth’s older sister the late Mary I of England and Ireland (Bloody Mary), and was now living in Venice. The match was met with little opposition abroad and at home, given he was Protestant and of the blood royal. King François, wishing to increase trade with England and lessen circulation of rumors that his wife wished to overthrow Queen Elizabeth, granted Courtenay free-passage through France to return to England so that he might court the English queen. Her Secretary of State, William Cecil, worked to begin negations immediately.


Actions taken by the crown thus far worked to greatly appease the growing religious tensions in France, but the goal was still to preserve the Catholic faith as the dominant religion for papal recognition of the Valois and Stuart lines. Discussions with Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria led their Christian Majesties to pursue implementing methods of counter-reform lead by the Jesuits, which had originated in France itself. The concept worked well for France, but was condemned in Scotland by the Reverend John Knox, who had now spoke openly against even the Regent Moray, who had secretly reverted to Catholicism after the birth of his nephew, along with many other higher-ranking nobles, in order to maintain the favor of his sister and her husband. However, Knox needed to be silenced without sparking a civil war, so Regent Moray and Queen Regent Marie ordered he be arrested on the grounds of treason, along with former regent James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran, for conspiring against their Christian Majesty’s rule. In November Queen Mary confirmed she was expecting once more.

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1. Do you think Queen Elizabeth or the English parliament would allow Courtney to be granted the title “King Consort of England and Ireland” given he was of the blood royal, or would “Prince Consort” be introduced? Maybe Duke of York? I saw it being a snub; given Philip II of Spain was co-monarch with Mary I, and François holds the title in Scotland.

2. Thoughts on Knox and Arran’s imprisonment and trial?

3. Thoughts on the public reaction of François and Mary calling for Catholic reform in both Scotland and France?

4. Suggestions/Comments/Concerns?


Important Notes:

*Edward Courtney Dies OTL 1556, but for the purpose of ATL he is still living.

*Marie De Guise survived 1560 ATL 1560. Suffers from gout, not able to travel as much.

*Princess Elisabeth of Valois (b. 1545; sister of François II) is married to Philip II of Spain.

*Princess Claude of Valois (b, 1547; sister of François II) is married to François III d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville (b.1535; matrilineal half-brother of Mary, Queen of Scots)
 
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It looks interesting. François II growing out of his sickliness seems a bit far-fetched, but that could just be with the benefit of hindsight and modern medicine. L

iz marrying Courtenay is curious though, since the only way I could see her agreeing to such a match would be under pressure from her sister/brother-in-law. True, Mary, QoS's husband being less likely to die soon and being able to knock her up (at least once), might mean the lords are putting more pressure on her to marry, but whether she'd give in to them is another matter entirely (OTL she held them off for most of her reign).

If Liz is standing as godmother to the dauphin/duke of Rothesay, might she not suggest the name "Henri" instead? My understanding was that the godparents picked/suggested the name for the child. Obviously it would require the parents to sign off on it, but if not after Liz's father, after François'.
 
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