The Legacy of Timur the Great

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The Legacy of Timur the Great

Timurid Empire

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Timur was born in Transoxiana, in the City of Kesh (an area now better known as Shahrisabz, 'the green city,'), some 50 miles south of Samarkand in modern Uzbekistan. His father, Taraqai, was a small-scale landowner and belonged to the Barlas tribe. The Barlas were remnants of the original Mongol hordes of Genghis Khan.
Timur was a Muslim, but while his official religious counselor was the Hanafite scholar 'Abdu 'l-Jabbar Khwarazmi, his particular persuasion is not known. In Tirmidh, he had come under the influence of his spiritual mentor Sayyid Barakah, a Shiite leader from Balkh who is buried alongside Timur in Gur-e Amir. Despite his Hanafi background, Timur was known to hold ‘Ali and the Shi’i Imams in high regard and has been noted by various scholars for his "pro-‘Alid" stance. Despite this, Timur was noted for attacking Shi’is on Sunni grounds and therefore his own religious inclinations remain unclear.
In about 1360 Timur gained prominence as a military leader whose troops were mostly Turkic tribesmen of the region. He took part in campaigns in Transoxiana with the Khan of Chagatai, a fellow descendant of Genghis Khan. His career for the next ten or eleven years may be thus briefly summarized from the Memoirs. Allying himself both in cause and by family connection with Kurgan, the dethroner and destroyer of Volga Bulgaria, he was to invade Khorasan at the head of a thousand horsemen. This was the second military expedition which he led, and its success led to further operations, among them the subjugation of Khorezm and Urganj.
After the murder of Kurgan the disputes which arose among the many claimants to sovereign power were halted by the invasion of the energetic Jagataite Tughlugh Timur of Kashgar, another descendant of Genghis Khan. Timur was dispatched on a mission to the invader's camp, the result of which was his own appointment to the head of his own tribe, the Barlas, in place of its former leader, Hajji Beg.
The exigencies of Timur's quasi-sovereign position compelled him to have recourse to his formidable patron, whose reappearance on the banks of the Syr Darya created a consternation not easily allayed. The Barlas were taken from Timur and entrusted to a son of Tughluk, along with the rest of Mawarannahr; but he was defeated in battle by the bold warrior he had replaced at the head of a numerically far inferior force.
Tughlugh's death facilitated the work of reconquest, and a few years of perseverance and energy sufficed for its accomplishment, as well as for the addition of a vast extent of territory. It was in this period that Timur reduced the Chagatai khans to the position of figureheads, who were deferred to in theory but in reality ignored, while Timur ruled in their name. During this period Timur and his brother-in-law Husayn, at first fellow fugitives and wanderers in joint adventures full of interest and romance, became rivals and antagonists. At the close of 1369 Husayn was assassinated and Timur, having been formally proclaimed sovereign at Balkh, mounted the throne at Samarkand, the capital of his dominions. This event was recorded by Marlowe in his famous work Tamburlaine the Great.
Timur spent the next 35 years in various wars and expeditions. He not only consolidated his rule at home by the subjugation of his foes, but sought extension of territory by encroachments upon the lands of foreign potentates. His conquests to the west and northwest led him to the lands near the Caspian Sea and to the banks of the Ural and the Volga. Conquests in the south and south-West encompassed almost every province in Persia, Kashmir, including Baghdad, Karbala and Northern Iraq.
After the death of Abu Sa'id in 1335, the last ruler of the Ilkhanid Dynasty, there was a power vacuum in Persia. So in 1383 Timur could start his military conquest of that country. In 1385 he captured Herat, Khorasan and all of eastern Persia. In the same year Tokhtamysh raided Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran. The city of Tabriz was plundered and Tokhtamysh could retire with a rich booty.
Tibet was conquered and attacked by Timur in 1385 knowing it’s strategic position and he defeated Drakpa Gyaltsen and the Timurids started to build mosques and favour the muslims of Tibet and because of that many Tibetan monks seek refuge in South East Asia the first of such seeked assylum in the Zhuang and the Shan, Vietnam,and the Tibetan monks also go to Pulilu/Mayi and the Buddhist South East Asia starts to veer toward Vajrayna Buddhism starting in 1380’s.
Between 1389 and 1391, the two started fighting, with the Battle of the Kondurcha River awarding victory to Timur, Timur secured the Golden Horde territory and executed Tokhtamysh and because of that Timur had a large empire ranging from Tibet and Kashmir to near Russia.

Destruction of the Empire of Timur
After the death of Timur the great his empire started to collapse and his grandson, Pir Muhamad cannot manage the large land of his Grandfather, Timur and because of that the empire of his Grandfather disintegrated completely, Tibet first seceded in 1410 with a new ruler Drakpa Tenzin and Ladakh becomes a part of Tibet, Kashmir seceded with the continuation of it’s old ruling it in 1412 dynasty and Iraq, Georgia and Armenia slipped to ottoman control in 1414, the reign of Pir Muhamad is known for instability of the Timurid Empire which only has OTL Iran and West of OTL Pakistan.

 
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John of Gaunt and the end of a dynastic war
In the mean time in 1375, John of Gaunt was overjoyed by the Birth of his son, the future John of Castille and because of that he became more eager to claim the throne of Castille behalf his son and his wife who are the rightful claimants to the throne of Castille in which he triumphed in 1380 he defeated his Trastamara foe and have them out completely off the nobility and because of that a new dynasty in Castille starts to rule and it is the Plantagenets and Aquitaine is given to John of Gaunt as an appanage in 1390 and England signs peace with the Capets in France and the daughter of John of Gaunt marries Catherine of Castille to Louis of Orleans in 1390(in exchange for peace between Plantagenets and the Capets, Louis and Catherine had children named Charles(Born on April 6 1399)Catherine (born on September 6 1403), Jean (born on March 2 1405), and Marie (born on December 1 1407), and the the inheritance of the Plantagenets were split by Richard II in order to make peace with France, John of Gaunt and his descendants are given their French claims in 1391 which is initially inherited from John of Gaunt by Henry Bolingbroke while the Mortimers are given England if Richard II does not sire a heir and because of that lasting Peace did happen and Richard II was married to Isabella of Valois in 1396 after the death of his first wife but he only sired a daughter with him named Isabella of England in September 6, 1400.
Isabella of England is married to James of Scotland while Henry, the son of Henry Bolingbroke is married to Joanna of Navarre, the neice of Henry Bolingbroke’s second wife, Joanna of Navarre thus he inherits Navarre.


Capetian House of Anjou and the Bourbons

Charles III of Naples was the son of Louis of Durazzo and Margaret of Sanseverino. As the great-grandchild of King Charles II of Naples, he was a second cousin to Queen Joan I (both agnatically) and also adopted by her as a child, since he was the only male of the senior Angevin line of Sicily. Joan I was infatuated with him throughout her life. However, much to her displeasure, her romantic interest in him was never requited. In 1369 he married Margaret of Durazzo, the daughter of Joan's younger sister Marie, and his own first cousin.
The conflict between Joan and Pope Urban VI caused the Pope (as feudal overlord of the kingdom) to declare her dethroned in 1381 and give the kingdom to Charles III of Naples. He marched on the Kingdom of Naples with a Hungarian army, defeated the King Consort Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen at San Germano, seized the city and besieged her in the Castel dell'Ovo. After Otto's failed attempt to relieve her, Charles captured her and had her imprisoned at San Fele. Soon afterwards, when reached by news that her adopted heir, Louis I of Anjou, was setting an expedition to conquer back Naples, Charles III of Naples had the Queen strangled in prison in 1382. Then he succeeded to the crown.
Louis's expedition counted to some 40,000 troops, including those of Amadeus VI of Savoy, and had the financial support of Antipope Clement VII and Bernabò Visconti of Milan. Charles, who counted on the mercenary companies under John Hawkwood and Bartolomeo d'Alviano, for a total of some 14,000 men, was able to divert the French from Naples to other regions of the kingdom and to harass them with guerrilla tactics. Amadeus fell ill and died in Molise on 1 March 1383, and his troops abandoned the field. Louis asked for help to his king in France, who sent him an army under Enguerrand VII, Lord of Coucy. The latter was able to conquer Arezzo and then invade the Kingdom of Naples, but midway was reached by the news that Louis had suddenly died at Bisceglie on 20 September 1384.
He decided to conquer Provence back he succeeded in getting Provence back with the help of the Pope Urban VI and the Antipope Clement VII is deposed and the church reunited and the Valois-Anjou now would just stay in Anjou and the island of Sicily is annexed by Charles III.

Joanna of Navarre, the wife of Henri Plantagenet of Aquitaine would only give birth to a daughter in 1402 and that was later married to Charles de Bourbon in 1420, in September 6 1421 their son named Pierre de Bourbon was born the future Pierre II duke of Bourbon, Duke of Aquitaine.

The Madness of the King of France

With the King mad, his uncles Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and John, Duke of Berry, took control and dismissed Charles's advisers and various officials he had appointed. Another contender for power was the King's brother, Louis I de Valois, Duke of Orléans. This was to be the start of a series of major feuds among the princes of royal blood which would cause much chaos and conflict in France even beyond Charles's reign.

The first major feud was between Philip the Bold and Louis, duke of Orléans who both tried to fill the power vacuum left by the King's condition. Philip's death in April 1404 did not bring an end to Louis's problems. John the Fearless, the new Duke of Burgundy took over and the feud escalated. In 1407, the Duke of Orléans was murdered in the streets of Paris. John did not deny responsibility, claiming that Louis was a tyrant who squandered money.

The rivalries ended with the marriage of Elisabeth of Poland to Charles of Orleans, which made the title of Duke of Orleans a title of the current dynasty of Poland.


Poland
In Poland, Jadwiga and Jagellion’s daughter Elisabeth survived but Jadwiga became barren completely after a sickness that Jagellion wanted a divorce and got the divorce they wanted, Charles of Orleans marries Elisabeth in 1420, the daughter of Jadwiga starting a Valois dynasty of Poland, the son of Elisabeth and Charles of Orleans is named Jean who was born on March 3 1421.


Philippa of Aquitaine

Philippa was born to Henry Bolingbroke, later Henry IV, Duke of Aquitaine and Mary de Bohun at Peterborough Castle, Peterborough. In 1401, king Henry suggested to Queen Margaret I of Denmark that an alliance be formed between England and the Kalmar Union, with a marriage between the heir to the English throne and Catherine, sister to the heir of the Nordic thrones. Margaret could not agree to the English conditions for this marriage; instead, Philippa was engaged to Eric, and formally proclaimed queen in 1405.
She was married on 26 October 1406 to Eric of Pomerania in Lund Cathedral. Philippa was actually the first documented princess in history to wear a white wedding dress during a royal wedding ceremony: she wore a tunic with a cloak in white silk bordered with grey squirrel and ermine). Philippa was given large parts of Sweden as her dowry. During the first years of their marriage the couple lived in Kalmar in Sweden, and Philippa was to spend much of her queenhood living in Sweden. It had been decided that she would be granted personal fiefs in only one of the three kingdoms, and that was to be Sweden. Her head lady-in-waiting was the Swedish noblewoman Lady Katarina Knutsdotter, granddaughter of Saint Bridget and former lady-in-waiting of Queen Margaret I of Denmark herself. She was a benefator of Vadstena Abbey, where she was a frequent guest. She received The Most Noble Order of the Garter in 1408.

The neice of Eric of Pomerania, Catherine was married to Jogaila in 1410 after knowing that Jadwiga became barren after the birth of his daughter Elisabeth of Poland, Eric II of Pomerania, Scandanavia and Lithunia was born on October 5 1411, Eric II of Pomerania is a powerful rival of Jean Valois of Poland and his realm encircled both Poland and Tuetonic Knights that Masovia became it’s vassal.

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