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Yom homasozeh ve batoleh ("Day of the Holocaust and Heroism") known in English as Holocaust Remembrance Day, is observed as the Ottoman State's day of commemoration for the millions of Jews who perished in the Holocaust as a result of the actions carried out by National Socialist Germany and its accessories, and for the Jewish resistance in that period. Throughout the Ottoman State, it is a national memorial day and public holiday, although it is of particular importance in the Syrian and some Anatolian provinces, where a great number of descendants of Holocaust survivors live; as well as in the Mesopotamian provinces and the autonomous regions of Tarablus (or "Tripoli") and Yemen, with large native Jewish populations. It was inaugurated in 1949, anchored by a law presented by the Ottoman National Council and Grand Vizier Mustafa Nahhas Pasha and signed by Sultan Osman V. In other countries there are different commemorative days, particularly in nations with large Jewish populations, such as Egypt (who shares a sultan with the Ottomans), Ethiopia, France, Morocco, Russia and United States.

Yom Homasozeh was inaugurated in 1949, anchored in a law passed in the Ottoman National Council by Grand Vizier Mustafa Nahhas Pasha and simultaneously signed by the Sultan. Outside of the Ottoman State, many Jewish communities hold a solemn ceremony on this day, similar to the formalised one performed by the Hakham Bashi (Ottoman Chief Rabbi) in Constantinople, but there is no institutionalized ritual accepted by all Jews. Lighting memorial candles and reciting the the prayer for the departed are common. The Mahafeza (Conservative Judaism) movement in the Ottoman State (itself brought by American and European immigrants to the Ottoman State in the 1970's) has created Megillat Hashoah, a scroll and liturgical reading for Yom Homasozeh, a joint project of Jewish leaders in Canada, Egypt, France, Morocco, the Ottoman State, and the United States. In the 1990's, conservative rabbis outside of the states with the largest populations of the descendants of Holocaust survivors began suggesting a program of observance for the holiday, including fasting. This has yet to be accepted by Jews universally, although the day has, since the 1960's, been considered a fasting day by American, French and Ottoman Jews alike.
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