The Gallic League

Change, yes – things are always changing (even if some people seem unable to grasp this idea and standup and shout at the top of their lungs with the hands over their ears “this is how it was when I grew up therefore this is how it will always be!†– sorry, real life irritation creeping in on thread discussion). But anyway, nope, I wasn’t trying to indicate any specific change – just got a little wordier in my introduction paragraphs.

Good question about the languages, I hadn’t thought to explain that. I’m not a linguist (as my colleagues would certainly tell you) so bear with me on this.

OTL: The Celts spoke an indo-European language similar to proto-Latin and Etruscan. It later spread to United Kingdom (first to Ireland and Wales) and after a time the language group “Old Celtic†split into Insular and Continental. Insular later developed into P-Celtic and Q-Celtic, P: Welsh, Breton, Cornish, Q: Irish, Scot, Manx. Continental continued on forming the language base for Germanic, Gaul, Celtaberia, and Turkish. However, constant conquest by Romans, Goths, Huns, etc. and the migration of the tribes as they moved from place to place looking for a safe lands to settle wiped out Continental Celtic. Insular Celtic would continue on in one form or another in modern day Irish, Scottish, and Welsh.

TTL: Not counting the sub-dialects of the Gallic League (i.e. the variant they probably speak in Italia, Greece, and Greater and Lesser Carthage) I think most would speak “Old Celtic†which was the proto-Latin/Etruscan language. Being terrible at languages myself I’m not entirely sure what this would sound like but being as Gaelic (the language considered Old Irish and Scottish) is a direct descendent of Old Celtic I would gander that the language spoken in the Gallic League would sound something akin to that. If anyone has a better guess I’d be happy to hear it.

Why do I use the term Greekland? In the simplest terms, laziness. At some point in my notes I started using “Greeklands†as short-hand to mean the Greek city-states and tribes and just never came up with a better term. I suppose if the Oghma were to use a regional term for Greece, Thrace, and Illyricum it would probably be Helenatia or maybe Adriaticia…? In any event, for better or worse I think I’ll stick with Greekland.


As always, further questions and comments are welcome.
 
Questions

What's the reason for China's expansion in the North?

Is Southern India colonized by Zimbabawe or Egypt?

Why the non-commentary on Axum, Luistiana, and Zimbabawe?

Has the Oghama become much more stronger in national politics compared to the High Chief?

Are names such as "Vanko Xanthus" becoming lesser known due to the increase of names such as "Olwyn" and "Bebinn"?

Just how powerful is the Holy See in ruling outside churches?

What's the religious scene in the Gallic League during the 600's? Any main gods replacing others?
 
The Chi have become somewhat preemptive. They still have nomadic tribes on their borders and it was better now to strike while the main thrust of the migration was directed towards the west (Dacia, Sarmatia, and Parthia). This way they have some unimportant territory acting as a buffer to the heartland when the hordes eventually change direction.

Those are Egyptian colonies in southern India (they would have a larger portion but they lost the war with Bactria over the defunct Gupta Empire).

I only mentioned Axum, Lusitania and Zimbawe briefly because not much is happening in those lands. Axum fought a war with Egypt and Zimbawe (nothing special). Lusitania built some trading posts along the African coast. Zimbawe is still struggling with tribal quarrels (and the influx of Christianity into their lands).

Not much has changed between the High Monarch and the Oghma. The Oghma now consist of 4 Vates from each region (1 of each of these is always in session at Alesia while the other three conduct regional councils). The High Monarch generally deals with external matters while the Oghma deals with internal ones. If anything it is the High Council that has come out of the civil war with more authority – which becomes prevalent in the next century.

There will always be Greek names circling about the League. I think I said at some point in the time line “the Greeklands will always be distinctly Greekâ€.

Ah, the Holy See. I must say I tried to think of a way not to have Christianity in my world but after thinking about I just couldn’t picture the world without that bumbling giant. Anyway, the Holy See and the Patriarch of Neos Syracuse are the head of the Catholic Church and have more or less absolute authority over all churches (for the time being anyway). I have it in my head that the Dacian church will eventually split off and form something like the Lutherans in the OTL (I love Lutheran architecture – so dominating and ruthless, and that script that I read over top of so many of their church doors… “A Mighty Fortress Is Our Godâ€, I don’t know, to me that just screams Dacia).

The League will forever be a patchwork of ancestor, animal, and spirit worship. However, some main gods…Teutates took a hit during this century but he’s still big in Rhineland. Brigit and Dagda (which I could see taking the place of Minerva and Jupiter) are big in Italia and lower Gaul. Esus and Danu (popular agriculture gods) are important figures in Northern Gaul. That’s just generally speaking, there are dozens of gods and goddesses that overlap and whose popularity shrink and grow depending on what’s going on in the world. And then you always have the Christians, there is a large population of Fadeyrianists (followers of the Prophet) in Alesia, Rome, and the Med. Islands – with smaller pockets here and there in the League (usually corresponding in towns along main trade roads).
 
I'm in the middle of a move so the next hundred years will be along shortly. However, in the mean time I wrote this up for those of you whom are interested.

Religions of the empires (primarily practiced):

Gallic League: Polytheism (Ancestor/Nature/Pantheon)
Axumite Empire: Christian (Monophysitism)
Bactrian Empire: Buddhist
Breton Republic: Polytheism (Ancestor/Nature/Pantheon)
Chi Empire: Confucian/Buddhist
Dacia: Christian (Catholic)
Egyptian Empire: Christian (Cult of Amon-Re)
Ghana: Nature/Christian (Fadeyrianists)
Kamiharu: Shinto
Kushian Kingdoms: Nature/Christian (Monophysitism)
Parthian Empire: Mehradadism (similar to OTL Manichaeism)
Sarmatia: Christian (Catholic)
Scanza: Polytheism (Ancestor/Nature/Pantheon)
Zimbawe: Ancestor/Nature (though a growing number are Christian Monophysites)
 
After a long delay...

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The 7th century AD can easily be marked as the century of warfare (a distinction that would carry over into the next hundred years). At the heart of the conflict were the Mehrdadian warriors whom exploded onto the world stage after the civil war in Parthia that brought them to power.

The Gallic League will be exhausted by wars during this century – the nation will be consumed with little else though some advances are able to slip through the fog of war (namely the compound microscope which is developed in 680AD). Our warrior code allows for war when threatened, however, as has happened, and as will continue to happen, an insult is as good as a threat. Another theme that is depicted at this time, one that rings true today, is the influence of the High Council – though they can’t always persuade against war they have never been ignored when advising a halt to conflict.

Egypt and Dacia will be greatly influenced by their respective advising councils. In Dacia the House of Bishops will heed the call for righteous vengeance from the Patriarch of Neos Syracuse and convince the King to punish the pagan kingdoms (wars that will begin the fracturing of the Catholic empires). In Egypt the Civic Council will face a couple of set backs but by the end of the century they will have a King who signs away some powers. Dacia, unlike Egypt at this time, will see their kingdom grow. With the conquest of Thrace and Pannonia Dacia will also add to it many steppe tribes. The core of the ruling Hun Dacians is still the lands around the Cheusthie Sea (the Black Sea) but their influence is felt well beyond the Volga.

Scanza will feel that influence. Still suffering from the famines of the last century, a situation which is not alleviated by the war with Breton and only exasperated by the Pagan wars and the loss of territory along the Vistula, Scanza border will continue to be raided even in the short periods of peace.

The Chi Empire will know the sting of constant raids as well. The ever present nomads to the north and west will poke at the empire, making massive incursions in 616, 623, and 656. The Chi will also face a threat from the ocean, the Kamiharou. The floating empire will make their first attack in 628 and will continue to burn and pillage the cost as far as Bactria for the next 200 years. The Kamiharou will leave a lasting mark on Chi and in fact world lititure – their "death first" attitude to war, adventurous sailing, and superior sword making will often be romanticized. To this day, someone who is said to have “red sails†is someone who is driven often without regard for personal safety.

Besides the Kamiharou the Mehrdadian Caliphinate is probably the culture that has inspired the most literary references. Civil war would bring Muhammad Al-Ameen to power but it is sword, influence, and persuasion that shape Mehrdadism into a force to be feared and respected.



600AD: As with many generals in the Parthian armies Muhammad Al-Ameen was the son of a prominent Hun noble (those that were allowed to settle in the north along the Caspian sea during the long fought wars of the previous centuries). He was a trusted warrior of the king, Avicenna (as his name suggests, Al-Ameen does translate as trusted). It was in this year, however, that Muhammad converted fully to Mehrdadism after reportedly having a vision of the Great Prophet.

601AD: Muhammad attempts to have Avicenna convert and name Mehrdadism as the only true religion. Although Mehrdadism was at the time practiced by 2 out of 3 Parthians it was still considered to be a Hun religion by the Royal family and the loyal nobles. Avicenna rejects the idea and, perhaps seeing the future, strips Muhammad of his command (in the following months Avicenna will replace a dozen other officers within the ranks of his army).

602AD: Muhammad begins his war against Avicenna (602-608). The coup will succeed in toppling the Parthian Empire – by 610 the capital will even be moved to the holy city of Marlik (where Mehrdad had lived, taught, and wrote).

606AD: King Hesperos collapses at a celebration honoring 21 years of wearing the double crown. His son Necho will take the throne (606-625).

King Vilhelm II opens his reign of Scanza by declaring war on Breton (606-616). Both kingdoms had been conducting acts of piracy on the other for nearly 200 years – a war was fought in the previous century but little came from its conclusion. The Bretons will land one army in Scanza but it would be defeated by two harsh winters and an inability to resupply. King Vilhelm II will managed three landings, the first two were in Icini lands and were beaten back, the third (accomplished in 612) made landfall to the less populated north. Within two years Vilhelm’s forces had a strong hold in Caldonia (all of which would be seeded to Scanza at the conclusion of the war).

610AD: High Queen Bebinn VII dies in her sleep, the Gallic throne will pass to her son Cocidius (610-622).

Muhammad declares war on Egypt (610-617). It will be a hard fight for Egypt and will see them losing all of their holdings north of the canal by the time peace is declared.

612AD: Muhammad sets his focus on the Axumite holdings in the desert peninsula (where Parthia had periodic trade dealings and Mehrdadism was being practiced). Using their influence among the nomadic peoples of the desert land Muhammad is able to win several victories against Axum.

614AD: Muhammad’s army invades Judea after defeating the last of the Egyptian armies north of the grand canal.

Though the majority of his army battled Egyptian holdouts and Judean cities Muhammad does send an invasion force to the horn of Africa and the heart of the Axumite Empire. Again Parthian ranging influence with indigenous peoples comes in handy. The tribes along the western trade routes had long been under Axum rule – though largely profitable for tribal leaders they were still the subjects of outside rulers. By the end of the year Axum is fighting on two fronts.

616AD: Axum is forced to give independence to those tribes under revolt around Lake Chad. Though loosely cooperative, within the next few years these tribes do appoint their own king and come to be called the Kingdom of Kanem.

618AD: The siege of Jerusalem succeeds in breaching the thick stone walls of that mighty city. Few are spared the sword – and few of the great libraries and universities escape the torch. Muhammad decides to halt his armies at this time and consolidate his gains – this marks the end the Kingdom of Judea.

Ghana and Kanem exchange three years of brutal raids (surprisingly this does not lead to open war between the comparatively more powerful Kingdom of Ghana and the fledgling Kanem – the events that were soon to transpire within Ghana though offer a clue as to that kingdom’s restraint during the conflict with Kanem).

620AD: Over the last few years the Ghana nobles have been exerting greater control over the trade routes and the setting their own prices for goods – against the advising Lusitani, who until this year had the greatest control over goods in this growing African power. In a series of night raids all but a few of the Lusitani were killed – those that survived fled with only what was on their backs back to Lusitania. Over the next few months all but the furthest southern trading posts had to either be abandoned or were taken over by Ghanaian warriors. By the years end not only had Lusitania been kicked out of Ghana but all foreign traders.

621AD: The Trade War (621-623).

Along with Lusitanian merchants Gallic traders were also forbidden access to Ghanaian markets. The Lusitanian Triumvirate sent to Alesia a request for the League to protect their holding and interests in Ghana as well as those outposts along the African cost that were under attack. High King Cocidius and the rest of the Oghma were already willing to go to war with Ghana for the insult of expulsion – the petition from Lusitania was of little influence. Neither would it seem was the High Council who opposed the war, there are few examples of the High Monarch declaring war without the support of the High Council, this was one of those times.

The fleet normally docked in Cartagena was dispatched to the western cost of Africa while Cocidius gathered an army in Carthage for the march into Ghana (there were underway by the end of the year).

In much the same way that Breton’s infighting kept them from mounting a sufficient defense against Scandinavian invasion so to does Zimbawe’s tribal tit-for-tat make them vulnerable to invasion by the Axumite Empire. The first Axumite armies crossed the border in early Mean Fomhair (September) – marching down the cost and crossing from the colonies in Madagascar. Though the Zimbawe warriors would fight on until 625 it would be a losing battle to the end.

622AD: The natural obstacle of the Sahara allowed for only one land route to Ghana, along a narrow strip of hardly habitable scrub and desert along the cost. To quicken the arm supplies were kept to a minimal and instead pre-established supply points were made with the fleet. That narrow strip of land is where the Ghanaian army waited in a fort they called Verlaatberg. Even though most of the Gallic army was made up of units from Greater and Lesser Carthage they were still not as equipped or skilled at desert fighting as the Ghanaian warriors. Using Verlaatberg as the focal point they were able to meet every flanking maneuver and although tactically less advanced their spearmen were a match for the Gallic archers. Cocidius would lead a breakthrough on the gates of Verlaatberg but the assault would be repulsed before much more than a foothold in the inner courtyard could be made. Cocidius was mortally wounded during the withdraw from the courtyard, his body was carried back to his tent were he dictated a letter to his daughter back in Alesia – among his sentiments were orders to continue the fight.

During the night the Gallic army was endlessly assailed by raids and in the morning, the ships that were to bring fresh supplies and warriors never arrived (they were caught up with the enemy fleet – which would turn out to be a major victory but their delay meant defeat for the army outside Verlaatberg.

By the following evening what remained of Cocidius’ army was in retreat. Hardly half of the 15000 that left Carthage returned. When Fiona received her father’s letter it was said she locked herself away for 3 days. When she emerged she presented her father’s wishes to the High Council and the Oghma – the vote was split on whether to continue the war or not, Fiona’s was the deciding voice. She would agree with the High Council and send peace envoys; with the Gallic fleet in control of the ocean her terms for peace were accepted by Queen Ayisha of Ghana.

Lusitania would have to give up control of the resources still in their possession as well as a number of their trading posts. They would be allowed to continue their shipping rights – mainly because much of the Ghana’s fleet had been destroyed during the war. Gallic merchants were allowed to continue traveling to Ghana but only within one port town and the capital.

623AD: The peace envoys from Ghana and the signing of the treaty marked a double event, on a cold night in early Nollag (December) Fiona was crowned High Queen. Her reign was marked with sadness. She dedicated many statues and buildings to her father in cities throughout the League.

625AD: The Gallic League celebrates 1000 years since the formation of the Oghma. The month of Aanoghey (renewal – the 5 day month between Deireadh Fomhair (October) and the new year which begins in Samhna (November) that is usually used for religious observance) was awash in color and festivals from Alesia to Cartagena to Pessinus.

Necho III dies. The Egyptian throne passes to his son Psamtik V (625-633).

An issue that in large part had much to do with the defeat at the hands of King Vilhelm II openly fractures the Breton Republic. Though still formally acting with that title it is decided during the Senate meeting in Bebinnshire that the kingdom be split into four separate lands: Icinia, Brigatia, Catavulania, and Eraninn.

626AD: The 2nd Council of Theodosis is held, delegates from Dacia and Sarmatia decided on several issues; It is written into the cannon that the Ascension of the next Patriarch shall not be ordained until the third day of the passing of the pervious Bishop of Neos Syracuse. The practice of desecrating the dead by cutting into them for scientific knowledge is deemed sacrilege (though few doctors in Sarmatia practiced this research there were many in Dacia whom conducted their own research as well as followed what was being accomplished within the League and Egypt). The third major decision of the Council was to proclaim that priests shall not marry – all men of the clergy currently in wedlock were ordered to devote their lives to God or leave the Church (again, this new church law impacted Dacia more than Sarmatia).

In this year the first of the true double ended boats (with the major advancement of the T-shaped keel) are put to sea by Scanzian builders. In a few years the design is added to by the Lusitani with the side-borne rudder. Though it quickly becomes a favorite design among merchants, war ships will remain with the classical style for some time to come.

627AD: Egypt, in an attempt to re-expand their wounded empire launches an attack on the Axumite Empire (627-630). By the middle of the following year Egyptian soldiers are storming Axum, killing King Dedwen – though the royal family survived and his daughter Kandake would resettle the capital in Aman-Ank (founded by King Arquamani in 243AD), a city on the horn of Africa.

628AD: Muhammad Al-Ameen dies – it is said that his last words were that he regretted not being in the arms of Marlik. He died far from the holy city in Susa, his nephew was by his side (Muhammad’s two sons had died in battle) and would carry his uncle’s banner. Though young and untested in battle Al-Muttalib is honored as his uncle’s successor – it is a short time later Al-Muttalib unearths some “genuine†family documents clearly showing that Muhammad was a descendent of Mehrdad and so his blood too dated back to the Prophet. Real or not Al-Muttalib didn’t wait long for this evidence to be refuted and rushed to secure his new position by taking the title of Caliph.

The Kamiharou launch their first attack on the Chi Empire - these initial attacks are peaceful by comparison to the latter raids. The first attack came at dawn on the first day of Marta and was localized to the main island of Nihon. From capturing warriors, which was difficult since they would rather commit suicide than be taken alive, it is learned that the Kamiharou at this time are led by a man calling himself Emperor Temmu. From further interrogation of these warriors it is discovered that Temmu controls a hundred islands. In truth we know today that at the time Temmu controlled about a dozen islands through intermarriage and intimidation. Temmu himself didn’t reside on any one island. His court and army commanded the sea onboard ships, some of surprising size. Within a dozen years the floating empire known as the Kamiharou will reach out to strike along the whole of the Chi cost as well as up nearly every major river. By the end of the century kingdoms as far as Bactria are being economically bled to death by the swift and viscous attacks of the pirate nation.

631AD: Emboldened by their successes against the Axumite Empire, Egypt declares war on Caliph Al-Muttalib (631-634). By 633 Jerusalem is back under Egyptian control but by the following year the city is lost once more to Mehrdadian armies – joining Al-Muttalib in the war against Egypt was Bactria, a month after Jerusalem was recaptured Egypt also lost Lower Guptaian province.

632AD: High Queen Fiona, who had never recovered from her father’s death, steps down in favor of her daughter Iona (632-652).

633AD: Psamtik V is poisoned by his brother in a coup orchestrated by the Civic Council. Thutmose II (633-649) assumes the throne and immediately orders the construction of a new royal forum to be built as a meeting place for King and Council. The forum is never completed and within a few years Thutmose II is no longer seeking advice from the Civic Council (the Council was unable to react to this betrayal as over a dozen of their members suddenly died).

634AD: A series of small wars commence between the four kingdoms of the Breton Republic (these will continue on and off for the next hundred years). At the request of several Oghma representatives High Queen Iona sends mediators to Breton to help settle the skirmishes there.

The fighting in Breton will carry over to some estates in northern Gaul where family ties still spanned the Veneti Sea. Following the advice from the High Council, who foresaw the danger of quarrelsome families favoring the Breton conflict, Iona will send a further 3 more mediation missions – on the last one she herself will travel to Breton. At that time she surmised that further Gallic intervention would only harm any hope of reconciliation between the smaller kingdoms of the Republic.

Iona and the regional druids would be kept busy for nearly the remainder of her reign in keeping political tensions from boiling over into open conflict. Though the families of northern Gaul would remain cordial towards one another this did not stop them from sending aid to kin in Breton.

637AD: The Caliphinate and Bactria battle each other along the Indus River. The commander of Al-Muttalib’s force is killed in the crossing of the River, afterwards his army is soon flanked and forced to retreat. Two years of war followed the failed crossing of the Indus – nothing was accomplished and borders would return anti-bellum.

640AD: Dana Inney Burgess, a female druid (rare for the day), studying at the University of Vesuvius, writes her book “Scientific Speculationâ€. Wherein she hypothesizes about future advancements namely in the area of optics but she also theorized about projectiles, engines, and flight.

646AD: Al-Muttalib, without a formal declaration of war, advances over the shared border with Sarmatia (646-651). The unexpected ferocity of the Mehrdadian warriors (namely their swift well trained cavalry) overwhelms the Sarmatian armies sent to oppose them – at the best of times during the war Sarmatia is only able to fight to a costly draw.

648AD: Neos Syracuse is attacked and sacked. Mehradadian warriors will occupy the city for 7 days before reinforcements (many sent by Dacia) can reach the city.

649AD: Thutmose II dies while hunting with his son. The official report has Thutmose falling from his horse – several broken bones are consistent with a fall of this sort. However, recent examination of mummified remains of King Thutmose II (on display at the Royal Museum in Memphis) has uncovered several gouges in the upper vertebrae that suggest a different demise. By fall or knife thrust, Psamtik VI is crowned King of Egypt (649-668).

650AD: Neos Syracuse is put under siege (which will last for the remainder of the war).

Al-Muttalib dies while battling in Sarmatia. His son Al-Mansur takes over the armies (650-670).

652AD: High Queen Iona dies and passes the throne to her son Brennus (652-669).

658AD: The First Pagan War (658-664).

This war had more to do with pride than anything else. There was the wealth of conquest and the money be made in captured slaves – and the politically stated reason of doing God’s work – but it was the humiliating defeat at the hands of what were precieved as simple Bedouins that was the real motivation behind Sarmatia’s call for war.

There was unrest in Sarmatia and the Patriarch needed some one other than himself to place the blame. Who better than the Gallic League, a long time object of jealousy and hatred. Under promises of glory to God Ivan III is able to convince the House of Bishops (an advisory group to the King of Dacia) of the need for war – they in turn convinced King Sorin.

On a cool day in early Marta Sorin began his march into League territory. The first battle would come on the plains of Pannonia where fortified camps and local war parties were able to keep Sorin’s army busy until Brennus IV arrived with his own army. The chariots and cavalry of Brennus’ army easily turned the Dacian flanks – a timely warrior charge at the height of enemy confusion was all that was needed to push Sorin back over the Danube into Dacia.

This victory was diminished by the loss at Letnica in Thrace. Pannonia was for all accounts a stupendous blind. The majority of Sorin’s (and what Sarmatia sent) army was focused on taking the Greeklands. Local war parties would manage to keep the invading army from reaching too far into Thrace and Macadonia.

660AD: By Bealtaine Sorin was dead and his son Mozes was king of Dacia. Where Sorin saw the value in conquest Mozes was far more interested in the henvenly rewards. Mozes halted the incursions along the upper Danube that were meant to keep Brennus in check and threw the full weight of Dacia (and Sarmatia) at Byzantium.

Byzantium was easily the richest and largest city in the Gallic League. It was also the most well defended city in the Gallic League. The garrison leader at the time was a warrior by the name of Carrick and through his command and with the aide of warriors and supplies from Anatolia (supplied by Edan, the war chief from Pessinius) Byzantium will not fall. Carrick will even launch the small flotilla of ships under his command to do battle against Sarmatia war galleons.

A second army of about 2000 (mostly cavalry) will venture up the Sava but local war parties, which would eventually be drawn into a farmers army by Donella (later to be named war chief Donella), would force the Dacian into a withdraw. The small army, now down to less than half their original numbers, will be driven into the garrison at Mezek under the command of war chief D’Ary (who will be killed during this encounter).

662AD: Mozes will continue to harry Byzantium with a much reduced siege while the bulk of his force falls back into Dacia to fight Brennus IV who had finally broken through the line of forts along the Danube. The battle would eventually be fought about 20km from the Dacian capital – where due to poison and sabotage the Gallic League will lose. Under the cloak of night nearly a hundred of the captured peasants put to work in the Gallic camp would be rallied together by a man who has come to be a great hero in Dacia, Razvan (a retired soldier who at the time of his capture was thought to be a simple farmer). By morning nearly all of the chariots had been damaged and all the horses sick or dying. Though Brennus was able to make a strategic withdraw it was a costly effort – we can take away from this loss only that Razvan and most of his peasant army were beheaded.

If this wasn’t tragic enough there would be a second defeat for the League at Belgios. The fort, named for the prominent tribe in the area, guarded the lower lands of Macedonia. The garrison leader there was defeated by the only army Sarmatia would send into the war (about 4000). This defeat, even with Mezek and Byzantium still standing, opened all of Macedonia and the heart of the Greeklands to invasion.

664AD: Though Thrace, Greece, and Illyrium would burn, total conquest would be stilted by quarrels within the Dacian/Sarmatian army. After the defeat at Belgios the Sarmatian general began gathering locals and preaching to those whom would listen and torturing those whom bared their ears from God’s word (it is interesting to note that although a minority religion within the League the Greeklands held the majority of the Christian sect calling themselves Fadeyrianists). The slow advancement of the army after the victories of 662 had severely strained the cooperating Dacian and Sarmatian generals – this would halt the war for almost an entire year as King Mozes and Patriarch Ivan III decided on the correct course of action.

Their quarreling would prove to be the downfall of the invasion. Brennus, now resupplied with a new army (made up of Italian and Celtibarian tribes) lands near Athens and begins his drive north. He will meet the enemy at Pella along the coast and win a major victory.

However, before any further action could be taken it is put to Brennus by the High Council to offer peace. The cost in lives and gold for the war had been the highest in Gallic history thus far. There was much that needed to be repaired, regrown, and replenished. The League would keep Byzantium (which had still been under siege) but the new border would run from Mezek, along the foothills of the Balkan Mts., to the Sava River.

667AD: Anatolian War (667-677).

Still bloodied and drained from the First Pagan War the Gallic League found themselves once again under attack - this time by the armies of Caliph Al-Mansur. Caliph Al-Mansur, though powerful and influential, had debts to pay to the tribes of the desert peninsula among others (the religious zeal and small bribes used to unite the peninsula would not maintain the balance of power – he needed money to place further bribes or pay for armies that would have to fight the internal conflicts that would undoubtedly spring up). Byzantium must have been an apple to good to be true – especially since Dacia and Sarmatia and done half the work for him.

Al-Mansur’s army swept into Anatolia striking first at Tarsus. After defeating the garrison there his army moved north to Vanota and another victory.

The garrison at Tavium, north of Vanota, along with segments of the army stationed at Pessinus will win a victory against Al-Mansur along the banks of Tuz Golu.

For much of the next year and a half the war would be fought in mountain passes as each side probed for weaknesses.

668AD: Psamtik VI dies and passes the Egyptian throne to his son Necho IV (668-674).

669AD: Brennus arrives in Limyra with an army of 7000, which is augmented by the local force to nearly 10,000. He set out for Amblada where Al-Mansur had within the previous weeks captured and was planning on using as a staging point. Brennus IV force would easily overwhelm the enemy garrison on watch at Amblada. From here he split his army into columns of 1000 and sent them into the mountains to clear the passes of the rest of Al-Mansur’s army.

The Victory at Amblada was followed by a victory at Vanota. Edan (the war chief from Pessinus) bypassed the large enemy encampment at Tuz Golu and recaptured Vantona and the Caliph’s supply trains. Two weeks later Edan would force the enemy army at Tuz Golu to surrender – which was denied, all those captured were beheaded.

By the end of the year both Brennus IV and Edan are marching towards Tarsus. The battle there was harsh and bloody as Al-Mansur’s forces had retreated and fortified the city. The city would fall back into Gallic hands though Brennus IV would die in the assault.

It would take many weeks to get a message to Alesia about the death of the High King and several more weeks after that for the body of the King to reach Alesia where it was cremated. Keelia, the King’s sister, takes up the crown and the war (669-678). The war, however, would not pick up again until 672.

670AD: Al-Mansur’s son, Al-Amin, takes the title of Caliph upon his father’s death (670-685).

672AD: Caliph Al-Amin renews the war by attacking and taking back Tarsus. Aiding him in this fight was his new navy (which he had spent the last two years buying and building – now more than ever the Caliphinate needed the rewards of conquest). The next city to fall was Limyra, where a number of Gallic ships were sunk, but the battle for Rhodes would halt the enemy’s advance. Al-Amin would be content for the time being with sacking coastal towns and concentrating on his land war.

Given the quickly moving enemy and the success of Byzantium in holding out against Dacia and Sarmatia High Queen Keelia opts for a defensive war. She herself remains in Alesia (the first in many generations to willfully remain so far behind the front) and directs Edan not to commit the army to the field and instead strike with minimal raids. “We will be as a thousand bees,†Keelia is quoted as having said.

Patriarch Ivan III (658-676) begins a massive building project in response to the growing influence of Mehrdadism within Sarmatia (in keeping with their evangelical nature, despite great risks, there is a constant flow of missionaries into Sarmatian lands now under Caliphinate control).

673AD-676AD: During this time Amblada, Rhodes, and a number of other cities and settlements fall to Al-Amin. Pessinius is never attacked but all the surrounding forts are taken, effectively cutting the Anatolian capital off from the rest of the League.

674AD: Byzantium is once again put under siege.

Necho IV dies, his son Psamtik VII takes the double crown (674-694).

676AD: King Psamtik VII and High Queen Keelia sign a new treaty, bringing Egypt into the war against Al-Amin.

677AD: Although the land war against the Caliphinate amounted to very costly draws it is in this year a major sea battle is won by Egypt, forcing an end to Mehrdadian aggression for the time being.

The League is forced to give up all of Anatolia, including Byzantium.

The Council of Sarmizegetusa is convened (by direct order of Patriarch Ivan IV – which was rare, usually Councils are ordered by the Holy See and seconded by the Patriarch). Discussed, though no formal decree is made, is the role of women within the church. Among the Proposals put forth was a motion to regulate the procreation of wedded individuals so that the year is broken up into holy days when copulation could be conducted to insure a good and devote child and holy days of observance when all members of the church must refrain from all activity but prayer. Talks stalled when members of the Dacian church balked at the idea of preventing wedded couples from conducting their rights as a married couple (though, as they already had strict gender roles, many of the other proposals were met with nods of approval).

678AD: High Queen Keelia is forced to abdicate because of her inability to defend the League and her lack of interest in her judicial obligations. Dasos, Brennus IV daughter, who is now of age, is nominated and elected as the new High Queen (678-691).

679AD: The Second Pagan War (679-686).

In a passionate speech given by Patriarch Ivan IV in the weeks prior to the Second Pagan War he said, “There will be no heaven on Earth as long as there are snakes and demi worship. So be it in the land where the sinful are lead by a sinner.†A week later the House of Bishops convinced the King of Dacia to go to war with the Gallic League. Not that King Bodi I needed convincing, raised Catholic as he was he only practiced as often as he needed to maintain the crown.

A Sarmatian army of 3000 lands in Thrace with plans on taking the rest of the Greeklands.

A Dacian army starts their war by invading Scanza along the Vistula.

High King Dasos sends the army from Kelheim to Pannonia where they do battle and are able to take the fortifications Dacia had built since the last war.

680AD: Much of the territory along the Oder had fallen to King Bodi when he was battling King Harlod along the Vistula. Bodi I now set his eyes on the Elbe but High Queen Dasos was ready for him. Though unpopular, Queen Keelia’s idea of thousand bees did have merit. Dasos would strike at Bodi’s army from all directions as he made his way to the Elbe, he would never know when or where the next attack would come. This had the effect of enraging the Dacian King and setting his faculties off center in the dense woods of the Rhineland. By the end of the year, Bodi is forced to pull back to the Oder. Also by the end of the year, the last of the Sarmatian army is retreating back into Thrace – they will not be a hazard for the remainder of the war.

The first compound microscope is built at Cularo (located in the Alps of the Norian lands).

681AD: Similar to her tactics along the Elbe High Queen Dasos now begins her push to retake the Oder – this time going as far as to burn bridges and farms.

682AD: Finally in Feabhra of this year High Queen Dasos gives King Bodi I what he had been longing for, war on an open field. Dasos does not hide the fact that she is marching towards the Vistula and as planned King Bodi is drawn towards the Gallic army. At Marcomnni (a city about 300km from the headwaters of the Vistula where the river begins to arch eastward) the two armies would meet. Angry and eager to fight a tangible battle, King Bodi I launches his campaign with little forethought; by the time he realizes he has been sucked into a trap it is too late.

There would be no major battles after Marcomnni, though the war would continue until 686 when the High Council advises Dasos to end the war. In the end both the League and Dacia were exhausted and ready for peace (I say Dacia because nearly all of the expense in soldiers and gold was theirs even though Sarmatia was theoretically part of the war on Pagans).

685AD: Caliph Al-Amin is the first of his line to die within the walls of the holy city. His son Al-Rashid becomes the next Caliph and reigns over the world’s largest empire (685-707).

691AD: High Queen Dasos dies. Though successful during the Second Pagan War her antics as queen left many longing for a new monarch. Her reported permiscuality was said to have made even some battled hardened warriors blush (she replaced all female members of her Algiz with male warriors – many found themselves posted to her private chambers). The throne will pass to her cousin and long time friend Rhiannon (691-714), the garrison commander at Corinth.

694AD: In an event that was perhaps as foolish as it was bold, Psamtik VIII, the son of the King, murders his father while he slept. With the loyalty of many of the palace guards (who were later paid off with promotions to army commanders) Psamtik VIII proclaims himself the new king and disbands the Civic Council and has several of them arrested for the murder of his father.

697AD: The Civic Council, though defunct, would not be deterred as they were in 633. Biding their time while Psamtik grew less and less favored by the people, they secretly sought a suitable heir. The Council would find their heir, Psamtik’s nephew, a child of Necho IV line, who had managed some how to enlist in the King’s army though he was two years short of the proper age. In another round of assignation, best depicted in the historical account The Night of a Thousand Daggers, Necho V was placed on the throne (697-719). This time the new royal forum would be completed (710) and one of the first acts of government there would be the drafting and signing of The Rights of the Council – a document that laid out the division between the King and the Civic Council.
 
The known world c.700AD

Med700ad.GIF
 
I cannot see why Lusitania is separated from the Gallic League: they were as celtic as the keltiberoi, the vaccei or the vetons.
If I would separate somebody from the iberian peninsula I would have gone for the iberic peoples of the east coast, closer ethnically and culturally to the punic.
 
Pretty good as always although I can't seem to understand if the small outposts of territory on the Southwestern coast of Africa is either Ghana or the other kingdom. BTW- could you clarify the Muhammed-ish religion? Is it similar to Islam or is it less strict?
 
I had the Lusitani chose not to join with the league because (it seemed to me at least) whenever they were mentioned in history they were always fighting for their independence (even among the other Celtic tribes). When they weren’t fighting locally they were picking and switching sides, favoring whom every they thought would help them be independent or was willing to offer them the most autonomy – not that you can believe everything you read but off the top of my head I can say that Caesar, Sententious (sp?), and I think Pliny make reference to this.

The rest of the Celtiberi (or if you prefer, Iberian tribes) I had join the League based on circumstance. They were being enslaved and killed off by Carthage, they asked for help from the League – after the victory of the 2nd Punic War (ATL) the Celtiberi leaders saw they had more to gain than loose as becoming part of the League (greater trade opportunities, greater defense, etc.). Those tribes that were closer to Carthage would have been vanquished/enslaved along with the rest of the Punic army when it was defeated. After the war, any who didn’t want to be part of the League – I would guess – would have fled to other lands, namely Lusitania.

How’s that?

As for G.Bone – those little blips along the Ivory coast do belong to Ghana, they were the trading outposts taken from Lusitani. There are other trading outposts that still belong to Lusitania further south along the cost but I don’t have those colored because it’s not territory that belongs to Lusitania.

Let’s see if I can do this without getting wordy….Muhammad belonged to Mehrdadism. Mehrdadism is a religion (or I suppose philosophy might be more accurate – it is similar to OTL Manichaeism) founded by Mehrdad – a 4th century AD shepard (a Hun by birth – not a Parthian). He had a dream where he was visited by an angle telling him that the true faith is found in the similarities between the religions. So that is what he preached, a true faith based on all the similar aspects of Buddhism, Hindu, Christian, Judaism, Mithraism, etc. He eventually settled in Marlik (a city near the Caspian Sea).

How’s that?
 
Interesting...I'm also curious on the relationship that Syracuse and Dacia has, given that Dacia is the more stronger of Syracuse and holds more territory. Is Syracuse more relgious now with the military acting more as a guardian of the Church? How much has the Church in this TL deviated from OTL of the same time? Is the Hagia Sophia still in existence? Does the Mehrdadism people have churches like OTL's Islam?
 
Tynnin said:
I had the Lusitani chose not to join with the league because (it seemed to me at least) whenever they were mentioned in history they were always fighting for their independence (even among the other Celtic tribes).

It is a criteria, however you have in the very same situation all the other celtiberian tribes. The Numantine wars were more terrible and traumatic than the lusitanian revolt. You had even situations like the case of Mancino, a consul that was defeated and signed a peace treaty with Numantia after an astounding defeat (20000 romans were captured by 4000 numantines). When the numantine representatives and himself arrived at Rome to ratify the treaty, he was unauthorized and the peace treaty denounced. That winter the numantines were shocked as a roman force left Mancino, naked, in front of the doors of the city. Rome's armies needed the leadership of Scipio to take the city and an army 30 times bigger that its population (60000 legionaries, against a city of 2000 souls).

Or maybe you could even have choosen the cantabrians (who were not probably celts) and could not be defeated until August reign. Those guys prefered to die and kill their families before surrendering. The romans were terrified...
 
Condottiero: Ah, so it is true enough – which is why I gather that most people don’t find my timeline too plausible? But here’s my take on it – at the time my time line starts there is considerably more cohesion among the Celtic tribes (I really can offer no other reason to my conviction on this idea – based on archaeology and lore, I’m certain the Celts would have been a fine empire given the proper circumstances). My decision to have the Lusitani out of the fold was a gut reaction to the fact that they were way the hell out on the end of the line and hadn’t been too keen on asking for help from the League (the idea to call for help fell mostly to the Celtiberi) – besides, there was bound to be some who didn’t want to be part of the confederation, those who didn’t were quietly subverted (or appeased by the Oghma system) or moved on into Lusitania.

G.Bone: The Patriarch of Neos Syracuse holds the Catholic reigns pretty tight. The House of Bishops (the advisors to the Dacian King) in turn have a pretty tight hold on the decisions of the kingdom. However, don’t worry, the obvious inequity in this system will lead to strife between the Catholic kingdoms. Compared to OTL I’d say that the Church is probably a little stricter in administering the doctrine but otherwise more or less on par with the OTL development. There are churches in Mehrdadism though they tend to be open air as Mehrdad enjoyed preaching outside. There’s no Hagia Sophia in my time line – and I must say that is a fault of mine, I hadn’t thought to mention what temple monument would have been built in Mehrdad’s honor. I’m sure one would have been built – probably in Marlik.


Keep'em coming. :)
 
The 8th century will continue with war on all fronts. History to date seems to be marked by violence with periods of peace but the 7th and 8th centuries had more than their fair share of conflicts.

Within the Gallic League there is much unrest. Families were literally at each others throats over the excuse of the battle being fought in Breton. Certainly not helping the situation were Scanza’s continued incursions and prodding that only inflamed the issues within the Republic – though why the Breton tribes continued to use this title is a mystery as it had been 70 years since the Senate of Nobles had been convened. This did not make Scanza very popular in the League but with the threat of invasion from Dacia and or Sarmatia (there was no evidence to suggest they had dropped the idea of purging Pagans from the world) the Oghma and High Monarch did maintain open relations with Scanza. Probably the largest social change in the League at this time is the rise in deaths due to dueling. This practice was as old as the League (even older) and despite attempts by the High Council to outlaw it such bouts of honor they would endure. Dueling had been on the rise since the breakup of the Order of Teutates – who held sway over such things. But it was the trouble among the tribes during this and the previous century that brought the issue to the forefront. Probably the two tribes most mentioned at this time were the Veneti and the Nervii – their disputes as well the disputes of other families will become the subject matter of one of the Leagues greatest bards. Angus Og was born in 787, he wont write his first story until the age of 20 (after a near fatal duel of his own), it is the vividness of his later writings however that cement himself a place in our history.

Ghana will find that an expanding empire is not an easy thing to control. Although attempts are made to increase the territory they gained from the Lusitani, native ambushes and resistance stagnate the Ghanian efforts.

The Axumite Empire will continue to settle the unrest from their southern conquests. There is a major conflict with a people that to date there is little information regarding. From what is know from Axumite records a “Sea People†arrived in Madagascar with hopes on settling the island – though it is unclear these “Sea People†may be from the Spice Islands that had recently come into conflict with Bactria. When contact is made with the Axumite Empire there was talk of creating a mercenary army to finish subjugating Madagascar. In the end however it was decide the “Sea People†posed too much a threat and they were annihilated.

Kanem will become largely an self isolated kingdom – nearly all trade in fact between west and east Africa will be halted. With the exception that regular emissaries are sent to the Mehrdadian Caliphinate.

Although there are periods of peace within the Breton Republic war will continue to mark most of their history during this century. A major victory in fact will be won by the Icini over the Catavulanii.

The Mehrdadian Caliphinate will face many troubles. War once again with both Egypt and the Gallic League with minor skirmishes elsewhere in the empire. Tribes they had bribed or forced into banning with them now find their loyalties easing. What is worse and probably more devastating are the series of assassinations that take place as general and kin rotate through the Caliph on the point of a dagger.

Despite their troubles the Caliphinate is able to keep things together. Unlike the Chi Empire which likewise faces factions trying to pull away but fails in keeping them in the fold. Set upon on nearly every border by raiders and nomads the Chi Emperors are powerless to keep their empire safe and with every attack more taxes are bleed from the countryside to help prepare for the next assault. Perhaps it was short sighted of the Emperors to not see the coming day when private armies spring up in the provinces. Though the Chi will remain the empire does enter a very dark period.

The Kamiharou will continue their plague of raids. The frequency of these attacks will be less then in previous centuries as much of floating empire was committed it seems to sacking and holding onto land a little larger than the small islands that currently made up their kingdom. They will begin to settle in great numbers in a land they call Hayaskiriku – though the native population will make this settlement difficult eventually the resistance subsides.



700AD: Unrest in the desert peninsula forces Caliph Al-Rashid (685-707) to send an army into the area to remind the nomadic tribes of their loyalty.

The corruption of the Han Empire was rampant and obvious. With the creation of the Exam system to insure that the wise and intelligent would run the government a new undercurrent of corruption was created. The administrators of the Chi provinces had slowly been building their family fortunes and it was at the dawn of the new century that many of them chose to use those fortunes. With the Emperor and his armies seemingly unable to stop the flow of bandits and marauders over the borders the administors of the northern provinces began creating their own armies (by 705 many in the north owed their safety and security to Taewui Po after his defeat of Lei Long – a nomad with a large following).

705AD: Emperor Tai sends envoys to the provinces asking for renewed oaths of fealty and to replace the provincial army generals with ones picked by himself.

707AD: Civil war sparks in the Chi Empire (707-717). Taewui Po rejects the Emperors envoys – though he claims to be acting on behalf of the Emperor he does not allow his generals to be replaced.

712AD: Rebellion in the Egyptian Empire, loyalists to Psamtik VIII rise up against King Necho V (712-718).

713AD: The Third Pagan War (713-714).

If there was ever something to be regretted in our wars with Dacia and Sarmatia it can be found in the Third Pagan War. In Lunasa (August) an army marched from Neos Syracuse with the intent on attacking the Gallic League. It gathered numbers and momentum as it crossed into Dacia, by the time it entered Pannonia their numbers had swelled to almost 10,000 – and they were all civilians. Holy crusaders all of them, bishops, farmers, merchants, children from the moment they entered Gallic territory local war parties began attacking. Such was the easy with which the local tribes battled the Peasant Army that there was no immediate warning sent via the weigh stations to Alesia.

By early Direadh Fomhair the enemy army had gained the attention of the army at Kelheim. To the credit of the Peasant Army they stood their ground against the much larger and better trained Gallic force – they were still soundly defeated and retreated into the forests. A few weeks later in early Samhna the remanants of the Peasant Army arrived at Alesia, fully intent on cutting out the heart of our empire. High Queen Rhiannon IV assembled her army and offered peace to the rabble standing in ranks outside the city gates – they refused.

Those that survived the attack were shackled and sentenced to death. Though this action was sanctioned by more than half of the Oghma it was not seen as the best option to the High Council. The druids of the High Council demanded the survivors of the massacre be allowed to return to their lands (I have no wish to paint the High Council as spineless in the face of a defeated enemy but as is their nature they are the best of what we are – supposedly – and saw the magnanimous gesture as a way to stop the mistrust and wars between Dacia/Sarmatia and the League). The peasants would be sent back.

In the weeks after the defeat of the enemy High Queen Rhiannon IV would contract an illness – she dies of a high fever four days later. Her husband Rasmus (lovers since meeting in early adulthood in Corinth) will now take the throne – they had two daughters but both were killed fighting in skirmishes along the Dacian border.

715AD: Scanza declares war on Dacia (715-723). Though for Queen Viveca’s armies battles are fought at best to a draw (at worst to total retreat). Saving Scanza on a number of occasions when all seemed lost was her fleet of ships. They could enter the shallows and winding rivers to cut in behind the Dacian army and attack their farms and reserve forces.

Rebellion in the Caliphinate as tribal leaders and appointed regents (appointed by the Caliph – some of them his own kin) murder Caliph Al-Walid (707-715) in his tour of the desert peninsula. Al-Walid’s son, Yazid, will march an army into the region and squash the revolt (715-718).

A plague strikes Byzantium, it soon spreads into Anatolia (the area will be ravaged by the sickness for several years).

716AD: Dacia suppresses a rebellion in Thrace.

717AD: Both the leader of the rebellion and Necho V are killed in battle which elevated Necho VI, the king’s son, to the throne. Necho VI is but 10 years old and so the Civic Council will act as regent (718-724).

Sawara Po, son of Taewui and now in charge of his father’s army, formally breaks from the Chi Empire.

718AD: High King Rasmus dies. Unwilling to see his line die he names his brother Baruch as his successor (718-724). Baruch will prove to be a very unpopular High King, a merchant by trade he was not up to the task of ruling an empire – let alone one as large or as complicated as the League. His judgements to keep peace among the tribes would often provoke fighting (the army had to be called out to settle disputes more often then during any other High Monarch) and allegations of bribery would repeatedly be brought up.

Sarmatia initiates an inquisition in Thrace in order to purge the pagans from the land (718-723). Reportedly over 10,000 are burned at the stake.

720AD: Unrest within the Jewish and Gallic cities now occupied by the Caliphinate. For the next 5 years there is widespread persecution of both peoples.

724AD: Baruch is challenged by Tormod Y’Lirinn, an Oghma representative from the Nervii. Tormod was of a family who’s name and blood carried back to nearly the founding of the League – he was also of the Nervii tribe who were in contention with several other tribes over the continuing struggles being fought in Breton.

A word on the Nervii: they are an old and traditional tribe (even today people of this branch tend to refrain from an excess of anything). They have not been complaisant with those seated in the High Monarch’s chair since the crown moved off the head of pure Gauls (they did not consider the Scordisci as part of the heartland – they didn’t consider any family, clan, or tribe south of the Po to be worthy to be a High Monarch. The greatest of all insults seems to have been to raise a Helenate trader (though to be fair Baruch did have Gallic blood in him) to the level of king – with the allegations of bribery and miss use of judicial powers to boot.

Baruch would meet the challenge but have a second fight for him. Tormod won an easy victory but would take the moment too far and kill Baruch as well. His actions forced other members of the Oghma to take up the challenge for their not only defeated but unlawfully slain King (honor is a bitch). In turn Tormod would be killed as well, and in the wake of his death riots would erupt in Alesia.

In the following weeks order is restored and those of the Nervii demand that although Tormod had acted rashly in killing the king the victory should still go to their house. This was apposed by nearly all the houses of upper Gaul who were and have been embroiled in family skirmishes and political wrangling over the issues in Breton for a couple generations now. This left no choice but to have the High Council step in and usher in the 4th Regency (724-735). Not that this would put an end to the unrest but eventually the High Council with the help of many local druids would manage to quiet the region with little bloodshed.

Necho VI is given the double crown of Egypt (724-732).

Egyptian inventors create a water pump that greatly enhances the Empires ability to bring water to desert villages.

726AD: Attempts are made by the High Council to outlaw dueling but widespread discord with this measure halts further discussion.

730AD: There is a major victory in Breton an army of Icini invades and conquers much of Catavolania (Camulodunum will be captured and held by the Icini).

Emperor Long Ji, who still faces tension on the border with the Po Dynasty, now is given news of a slave revolt in the south (Emperor Long Ji will not be able to suppress the slave revolt before all of the southern provinces rise up).

732AD: King Necho VI dies – succumbing to an illness that has plagued him since childhood (medical records from the period list the King as having had trouble breathing and a persistence cough). The Civic Council will appoint Ahmose (VII), the King’s cousin, to the throne (732-736) – passing over Necho’s younger brother, Thutmose.

734AD: Dueling is revisited in the High Council chamber after several Venitians and Nervians were found dead in Paris (the latest of several such incidents – this period of instabilities among the Gallic families will become the favorite subject matter of one of Leagues greatest Bards). Though dueling is not banned efforts are made to curb the violence – street dueling is marked as barbaric and all challenge here out must be conducted at the proper nemonton.

Once again Thrace and the Danube region aflame in revolt (it will be nearly a year before King Tabor can suppress the uprising).

735AD: It had become obvious to the High Council that the time had come to choose a new High King. With the latest revolt in the Greeklands brutally suppressed and rumors of a new inquisition filtering in through the Fadeyrianists quarter of Alesia it was now clear that war was coming. The High Council would search among the nobles and high born and would eventually decide that the Nervii did indeed have the best claim to the throne. They would nominate Gaiar, a general turned Oghma representative, who was of the Nervii and kin to Tormod (735-747).

A smaller outbreak of plague appears in Anatolia (the illness is confined to smaller towns and villages).

Caliph Al-Aziz is assassinated by a man named Marwan, one of the higher ranking generals in the army. The reasons for this generally accepted coup seems to stem from the belief that Al-Aziz’s actions while Caliph were not those of a man devoted to Mehrdad (Al-Aziz had levied heavy taxes on the populous – little went to the Empire and only enough seems to have been spent in Marlik to keep the citizens of the capital reasonably happy).

Bactria advances into formally controlled Chi territory (they will be at war with each other, on an off, for the next 12 years). With the area already weakened from war or still at war there was little to stop Bactrian armies from sacking palace after palace and laying claim to the region - despite Bactria’s claim the southern provinces will continue to be disputed. Regardless of the continuous problems the new lands will cause for Bactria the wealth gained from the conquest paid for a new army and armada – with which began the conquest of the Spice Islands.

736AD: Civil war in the Egyptian Empire. There was nothing in the Rights of the Council that allowed for them to interfere in the line of succession when there is a viable heir to the throne (though it was a calculated risk on behalf of the Council as Thutmose was reportedly hot-tempered and held little regard for the collection of merchants and land holders). Thutmose, in conjuction with the remains of the rebel loyalists of Psamtik VIII launch their attack on Memphis – killing Ahmose VII. For the next 8 years battles will be fought between the Civic Council (comprised of the resources of the merchant class, landholders, and several loyal generals) and the Royal Armies.

737AD: The Fourth Pagan War (737-741).

The 4th war would start with a new rebellion in Thrace. Only this time the revolt would not face the Dacian soldiers alone. When news of this came to High King Gaiar in Mezek (where he had been living for the past year) he saddled his horse and marched his army north into Dacia. He will spend the first 6 months of the war burning forts along the Danube before taking on the main Dacian army.

With no immediate opposition to Gaiar he would redirect a large number of his army to Sicily. Oh yes, the Sarmatians weren’t sitting this war out, they supplied some food and soldiers to Dacia but they also sent a number of their clergy to the only heavily Catholic region within the League. Within weeks of the first battle drum the island of Sicily had been coaxed into rebellion.

739AD: After the defeat of Vladimir IV of Dacia and the withdraw of the enemy back over the Danube High King Gaiar paused. He sent one of his armies by ship to finish putting down the Sicilian revolt. He contemplaited heading north into Dacia or up the river to aid the battle in Pannonia (which after two years of battling and maneuvering was still unclaimed by the League). He decide to instead wait and meet with his advisors – he wandered if Byzantium made for a more important goal (there had been a small battle with the Mehrdadians earlier in the year, the Caliphinate had withdrawn behind the thick walls but nonetheless the insignificant victory had given Gaiar ideas).

Also in this year Queen Matilda of Scanza commits a large number of her fleet to the Pagan War (as before the shallow draft of her vessels enabled them to sneak up rivers to attack Dacia from nearly behind, if not behind, their main forces).

General/Caliph Marwan is assassinated by Al-Mundhir, the son of the former Caliph. If Al-Aziz’s greed was not becoming a follower of the Prophet than certainly murder and usurpation were equally as heinous (or at least that’s the logic Al-Mundhir used).

740AD: A merchant (by the name of Sekani) turned military inventor (he traded in oils and other inflammables) has been working on ways to use his goods to help the Civic Council in the war (which has not been going well for the Council). He comes up with a mixture of materials that “burned as if alive†and presented it to Council – now in Thebes as Memphis was lost in the second year of the war. The chief military advisor to the Council, a soldier by the name of Ini-Herit, immdetlly orders Sekani to develop a means to deliver this living fire to the enemy. Eventually it is decided to bottle the liquid fire in jars with ignited wicks – the bombs would then be launched via catapult or by hand.

Patriarch Danus commissions another inquisition (740-745). This time the royal houses of Dacia are included in the Catholic scrutiny.

For the next decade there will be an even greater crackdown on Gallic, Jewish, and Catholic peoples within the Caliphinate. Sparking this persecution is a major revolt in Anatolia. A systematic hunt will be conducted by military agents of Al-Mundhir to destroy all icons of the unbelievers.

741AD: With much gained in the war with Dacia and Sarmatia High King Gaiar levied an expensive treaty on the enemy and began to make ready for what was to come next.

743AD: The First Mehrdadian War (743-747).

The attempt to reclaim Byzantium would not go as planned. It seemed that since the small battle fought between the League and the Mehrdadian soldiers during the 4th Pagan War the Caliphinate had been bracing for this moment. Byzantium had been well fortified and supplied – her walls would stand to the Gallic siege. Our navy was well matched against he enemy and though victories were won and warriors would land in Anatolia for every victory there would be a defeat and the inroads into Anatolia would amount to little more than raids.

Gaiar’s army would stall outside the city walls.

744AD: The Egyptian civil war is concluded. Ini-Herit will be proclaimed as the new king; upon his coronation he takes the name Ramesses (XII).

745AD: After years of fighting Sarmatia’s holy wars and being subject to the Patriarchs’ ideals, King Vladimir IV turns his armies on the Church (745-747).

747AD: High King Gaiar is shot through the eye with an arrow. In the weeks that followed Ailis, the King’s daughter, will take the throne (747-772) and for the time being halt the war.

Vladimir’s army breaches the Tarquin wall and marches on Neos Syracuse (it is said that upon hearing the news of this travesty Patriarch Agatho dropped dead of a heart attack). Within a few weeks King Vladimir has the center of the Catholic world under siege – Patriarch Felix immediately excommunicates the Dacian king. When word of this sanction spreads (as well as the threat from the church to excommunicate all Dacians who raise arms against the church) Vladimir’s army begins to disband. Vladimir is eventually arrested by a warrant signed by his son Dracul – who incidentally proclaimed himself king at the news of his father’s excommunication.

Caliph Al-Mundhir replaces his cousin Hakam (who administered the desert peninsula) with Hisham (one of the Caliph’s closest generals). The reasons seem to have been a less than private opinion of Hakam regarding Al-Mundhir’s persecution of the unbelievers. Hakam will vanish on his return journey to Marlik – supposedly killed or captured by roving bandits.

748AD: Patriarch Felix orders another inquisition into the royal houses of Dacia (748-750) – unsatisfied that King Dracul (considering the meaning of his name) would not fall into the same habits as his father.

750AD: King Dracul is ordered to step down as king of Dacia. He refuses and is excommunicated and removed anyway. He is replaced by Kristof, a member of the ruling family who had just entered the clergy.

Hakam reemerges from obscurity with an army at his side. Though there are few facts, it seems he spent the last few years in hiding gathering strength among those who had grown tired of the current line of successors to the Prophet. For the next two years Hakam’s army will battle the Caliph’s army until finally Al-Mundhir is killed – Hakam will take on the title of Caliph in 752.

753AD: There is a failed attempt to link the Egyptian water pump with the Vesuvian Engine to increase the range and ability of the pump. The matter of efficiency still confounds the engineers and scholars and after a few years of tinkering with the engine it is once more shelved for future minds.

756AD: The Second Mehrdadian War (756-761).

High Queen Ailis began anew what her father had left unfinished. Her armies would once again set out for Byzantium but again the well defended city would be hard to conquer.

758AD: At some point during the night of the New Year spies within the city slit the throats of the gate guards and unbarred the passageway. The moment was fleeting for before much more than a few hundred soldiers could battle through the gate the enemy managed to force down the substantial portcullis. Victory, it must have seemed, was at hand for the citizens of Byzantium, or at least those in the streets where the League fought for control, rose up against their masters and joined in the battle. By dawn the walls had been breached and many sections of the outer city had been captured. But Byzantium was massive with many walls to be broken before victory could be complete. Queen Ailis would waste no time in celebration, at once her army set to work on the next fortification.

Ramesses XII dies and passes the Egyptian crown to his son Alexander (V).

759AD: Fresh soldiers under the leadership of Hisham arrive in Anatolia to supplement the Caliph’s army. Within hours of the night setting and the armies bedding down two groups of assassins will search out for their targets. The long standing hatred between Hakam and Hisham would come to an end this night. Acting on news that Hisham would take this opportunity to rise to the position of Caliph (a position that was most likely promised to him by Al-Mundhir before his death) Hakam sends out his own daggers in a preemptive strike. As fate would have it, Hisham’s soldiers would be the quicker and by sunrise Caliph Hakam lies dead – Hisham will take on the title of Caliph (759-783).

760AD: The Gallic navy is finally able to land a substantial army in Anatolia. Their goal is not to march up the coast to Byzantium but instead to hit the enemy from behind and head for Pessinus. To our benefit the Caliphinate was facing their own turmoil – their distraction opened many opportunities for victory. However, the end would not be as easily obtained – on 23rd Aibrean the army would march into Pessinus to find nearly the whole of the city slain and much of it burned to the ground. The supplies and victory they hoped to have gained here were gone before the army had even arrived.

On the dawn of the following morning the Mehrdadian warriors had surrounded Pessinus and demanded the Gallic to surrender. Surrounded and without supplies the army chose to fight – very few were taken prisoner.

761AD: News of the defeat at Pessinus and the heavy losses in the fight for Byzantium had the High Council calling for peace. High Queen Ailis would agree – news of what had happened at Pessinus had taken the fight from her blood (it was hard to believe that any Celts still lived in Anatolia). In the peace treaty the League would keep the sections of Byzantium they had captured – this granted them the city up to the Hellespont.

High Queen Ailis will rename the recaptured section of Byzantium - Shiar Cashtal (The Eastern Citadel).

762AD: This year marks the first of many bloodless rebellions in Dacia as Hun tribes, once loyal and part of Dacia, refuse to send their tribute. Trouble in the heartland keeps King Kristof from sending soldiers to reclaim his lost sheep.

767AD: King Kristof dies having fathered no children. The House of Bishops appoints Cyrus (once again, a young man just having entered the clergy). Cyrus is not of the ruling family but is a Hun and was approved of by the Patriarch of Neos Syracuse.

772AD: High Queen Ailis dies and passed the Gallic League to her son Vosegus (772-795).

774AD: Dacia erupts into civil war (774-786). It is a period in Dacian history when several factions and constantly shifting loyalties fought for the power of the throne.

776AD: Sarmatia had been keeping a close eye on Dacia since King Vladimir IV treachery. However, with Dacia preoccuipied with internal problems and the Caliphinate to the south facing similar ordeals Patriarch Silvester sends his forces to reclaim some lost territory.

778AD: Alexander V dies. His son Seti (X) becomes the new King of Egypt.

Caliph Hisham sends a detachment from his Damascus army to put an end to the Sarmatian advance. There are several small battles over the next year and a half but eventually a cease-fire is agreed upon – though no formal treaty is written and the border will remain in dispute.

780AD: Egypt declares war on the Mehrdadian Caliphinate (780-785). The liquid fire makes its debut to the world in the first battle against Caliph Hisham’s army in the Sinai.

782AD: Jerusalem is retaken by Egyptian forces.

783AD: Yazid II, son of Caliph Hisham, in the first peaceful ceremony in almost 50 years is named the new Caliph (783-803).

784AD: Damascus is retaken by Egyptian forces.

The last of the Hun houses is defeated by a coalition of Dacian families – this is mainly made possible by the fact that Dacia had lost influence with the outlying Hun tribes along the Volga, many of those kingdoms became kingdoms in their own right (the defeat of the Hun houses ended almost 300 years of Hun rule). Almost immediately the Dacian families begin to battle each other.

785AD: Caliph Yazid II sues for peace with Egypt. Seti X wastes no time in spending the rewards of his victory, he immediately begins construction on a number of forts and updates older outposts (liquid fire factors heavily in this revamping of the Egyptian border guard).

786AD: Most of the fighting in Dacia is halted as Baldric of Carpathia defeats a large faction just east of the Don River. For the next 4 years the majority of the battles will be fought over the negotiating table.

788AD: Dacia declares war on Sarmatia. After years of arguing amongst themselves Baldric convinces those loyal to him and the rest of the faction leaders that the real enemy is Sarmatia. He reconstitutes the House of Bishops (purging Sarmatian loyalists) and with their blessing he marches towards the Tarquin Wall.

791AD: Patriarch Sandor is forced to offer peace to Baldric.

792AD: Baldric is crowned king of Dacia (792-814). During the same ceremony he names Adrian Anatolie as the Patriarch of Sarmizegetusa (formally splitting the Dacian and Sarmatian Churches).

794AD: Seti X, in ill health, passes the Egyptian throne to his son Necho VI (794-817).

795AD: High King Vosegus dies and passes the Gallic League to his son Esus (795-813).
 
Pretty good TL. I like the inclusion of Prince Dracul, even though he was kicked out of his post pretty early on. Has the rapier or longsword been invented for the purpose of dueling or not?
 
i also enjoy this timeline, having been a reader since the beginning. the gallic league has been a large empire for over a thousand years and has not broken up; has this been possible b/c of its inclusion of peoples intheir oown governance? and will it breakup soon?
 
G.Bone: The Celts have had the long sword since about the 4th century BC, it is more or less standard for warriors (the weapon had proven to be very useful in battle since the long reach while on horseback gave a distinct advantage). There hasn’t been much of an improvement in weapon designs since about 5th century AD when the League learned of the much stronger steal coming out of Egyptian controlled Gupta (lower India). The Celts have become somewhat complacent with their swords (and their military in general) – they have a system that works, lots of swift moving mounted longswords, archers, javelins, and chariots with a small core of fierce foot soldiers (off the top of my head I’d say 70% cavalry to 30% soldier). Which is an attitude I’m predicting (and since I’m the author it gives me a certain amount of inside information) is going to bite them in the butt when there is a technological shift away from swords and horses.

Hmmm, okay so that was a bit off topic to answer your question on rapiers – which they haven’t developed yet (I was thinking I might introduce lighter sleeker dueling blades in the next century – give dueling a little more time to run amuck before someone comes up with a better way to win his honor). I know in the OTL unchecked dueling led to a number of new sword designs – despite nearly every countries attempt to outlaw and control the fad (if I may, a good book on this subject would be By the Sword…nuts, I can’t remember the author and most of my library is still in boxes from the move).

Cow Defender: Somewhere in the early part of the TL someone made the comment about the Empire being more of a confederacy. It is that self governance (among other aspects) that has kept things quiet within the League. Of course no system is perfect and their will continue to be periods where clans and whole regions are at each others throats – I was thinking that the instability in northern Gaul, because of the links to the trouble in Breton, would finally break down into open warfare (just not sure how I want it to play out just yet).


Thanks for the questions and for reading.
 
The Celtiberian warriors used the Gladius sword (in fact the romans copied it), it was more useful in an infantry oriented combat. I do not see why they would not use it...
 
Yes, this is true. The short sword, in various forms, was and is popular among some in the League (often as a back up for those who don’t even use one on a regular basis). But I’m not so sure the Celtiberians would still favor the Gladius, the longsword has greater rang and since close quarter formations and fighting has taken a backseat to the Celts cavalry and chariots would they still be using the shorter blade? Maybe you’re right, I mean hell I still use my 8-Track, who’s to say they would have given up the gladius any easier.
 
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