alternatehistory.com

BE WARNED: This timeline is written as part of a ASB project, but this portion of it does not contain aliens and is strictly alternate history.

Observe: The links in the text indicate footnotes transferred from word, they are found at the bottom of the chapter. Due to transfer issues you must manually go to the end of the post to read the note.

DISCLAIMER:Stargate does not belong to me not am I receiving any financial gain from it, if you wish to use it for your own profit be advised you may be breaking copyright. What does belong do me is the timeline and any original ideas that are developed in it. Credit is due to the creators of Stargate, and to several unpaid writers (whatisinanam, Dathi THorfinnsson, et al) for creating worlds and ideas to play with.

The Foundation of the Empire: Peace, Order and Good Government (1783-1913)

1783:

O Lord our heavenly Father, high and mighty, King of kings, Lord of lords, the only Ruler of princes, who dost from thy throne behold all the dwellers upon earth; Most heartily we beseech thee with thy favour to behold our most gracious Sovereign Lord, King [FONT=&quot]George[/FONT]; and so replenish him with the grace of thy Holy Spirit, that he may alway incline to thy will, and walk in thy way: Endue him plenteously with heavenly gifts; grant him in health and wealth long to live; strengthen him that he may vanquish and overcome all his enemies; and finally, after this life, he may attain everlasting joy and felicity; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. – Book of Common Prayer

On the Third of February Britain acknowledges the independence of the United States. It formally announces that it will cease hostilities the next day. The results of this decision are felt very swiftly, as many loyalists begin to contemplate their future, and the future of Thirteen Colonies without the Crown. Many do not find comfort with their predictions. Just as those loyalists in the colonies are having doubts as are many in Westminster who are looking at the future of the Empire and the place of North America within it. The prevailing view in Westminster is that the Empire’s position in North America must be strengthened in the long term, how that should be achieved is up for debate.

On February 26 the Continental Army Corps of Engineers is disbanded. This is part of a process of the United States of America demobilizing, as many within the colonies do not wish a large standing military. This is comforting to the British Empire and its colonies of Nova Scotia, St. John's Island[FONT=&quot][1][/FONT], Newfoundland, and the Province of Quebec.

On May 18 the first United Empire Loyalists arrive in Parrtown in the Colony of Nova Scotia. This is seen as a strong signal in Westminster that the British position in North America will indeed be tenable in the long term.

On June 12, the decision to offer land grants to Loyalists is announced. The land grants are to be in the Province of Quebec and the Colonies of Nova Scotia and St. John's Island. These grants are not simply for those that fled, but also for those who served the King faithfully during the ‘incident.’ This expands the scope of the people eligible as it includes all sailors and soldiers which served the Crown, including those who are not British subjects. This is targeted at German soldiers, who the British believed would make good colonists.

On September 3 the American Revolutionary War is formally over with the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1783). In the treaty the British Empire acknowledges the sovereign and independent status of the United States separate from the British Crown and agrees upon borders. The borders of the United States include some land not originally part of the colonies, but fall short of what some in the colonies had hoped. The British Empire retains almost all of the Province of Quebec including lands north of the Ohio River and west of the Appalachians.[FONT=&quot][2][/FONT] Spain is disappointed with the treaty as it is not retuned the Philippines,[FONT=&quot][3][/FONT] but is satisfied with the return of East and West Florida and the return of commercial rights.

On November 4, a land grants and settlement program within the Province of Quebec is expanded to attract more settlers. This program includes grants in the southern parts of the Province to soldiers and French speaking British subjects to help solidify the border region while permitting American settlers to come and renew their loyalty to the Crown. In some cases this means the relocation of entire communities so that Catholic priests would be available for new areas. The expansion of the land grant program to this area attracts attention in the newly independent United States of America as tens of thousands of ex-American discover they have loyalist tendencies promoted by financial interest and apathetic political views. This discovery continues to be ongoing, as the issuing of land grants is not restrained to the immediate post revolution period.

1784:
The year 1784 is rather uneventful for the British Empire, with the Congress of the United States ratifying the Treaty of Paris on January 14 and the Colony of New Brunswick created on August 16. By the end of the year commerce had once again started to flourish with the resumption of Trans-Atlantic Trade. Immigration to the Province of Canada continues, and tensions with some aboriginal groups are starting to rise.

1785:
On January 1, 1785 the first issue of the Daily Universal Register is published in London. This paper will later become known as The Times.

On January 7, the first crossing of the English Channel by air is completed by a Frenchman and an American.

On February 12, in London, The Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay is given special orders from the King and his First Lord of the Treasury. These orders are to expand trading operations into parts of North American not under the control of the Crown,[FONT=&quot][4][/FONT] to forge positive bonds of friendship with indigenous peoples of such areas, and to conduct surveys of such lands to with an eye for future of expansion of His Majesty’s North American holdings. The company will be compensated for its trouble. This constitutes an expansion of the Corps of Royal Engineers, as it is Royal Engineers that must complete much of the work and complete the accurate mapping and surveying required for the project.

On March 4, the British government directs the establishment of permanent land forces in the Eastern Caribbean. This force is headquartered in Barbados, and is a part of the larger British strategy of keeping control of its North American holdings.

On June 3, the Continental Navy is disbanded. While this pleases the British the Empire recognizes that most of the Untied State’s naval strength comes from privateers not from the navy itself.

1786:
The end of August 1786 was not peaceful in Massachusetts with Shay’s Rebellion demonstrating there are problems with a Republican form of Government.

1787:
By February 4 of 1787 Shays’ Rebellion is finished.

On May 25 a Constitutional Convention is convened in the United States to replace the Article of Confederation

On July 1, the Province of Quebec is reorganizes into three colonies: Eastern Canada, Western Canada, and Central Canada. The reorganization of Quebec is a response to the change in its demographic condition with French no longer the predominant language in all parts of the province and the issues with governing such a large territory. While Eastern Canada is predominantly French speaking the same cannot be said for the other two colonies, where English is the predominant language. For all three colonies English and French are both the official languages and toleration of Catholicism is official policy to continue encouraging French speakers to move there from Eastern Canada. One important distinction between the Canada’s is that in Western and Central Canada the legal system is Common Law. In Eastern Canada in practice Common Law is being respected in the predominantly English speaking areas[FONT=&quot][5][/FONT].

On July 15, Lord’s cricket ground is established in London.

On September 17, the United States Constitution is adopted by the Constitutional Convention.

1788:
On January 1 of 1788 the first edition of The Times is published. The Times was previously known as The Daily Universal Register.

On January 18, the first ship in Captain Arthur Philip’s First Fleet arrives at Botany Bay to begin the formal British colonization of Australia.

On January 26, eleven ships of the First Fleet land at Sydney Cove to found a settlement.

On February 12, the Churches of England and Hannover sign an agreement to establish full communion between them. This paves the way for the Church of England to establish a Lutheran branch to cater to what hopefully will be a growing German and Scandinavian community in British North America. Land is also made available to British subjects[FONT=&quot][6][/FONT] who have not served in the military or who have lived in North America at very affordable rates.

On February 17, Lord Howe Island is discovered by HMS Supply.

On May 15, the Australian Frontier Wars begin. This series of conflicts is the result a lack of clear communication and mutual respect between European and indigenous peoples in Australia. These conflicts will not be considered resolved until after 1900.On June 21, with the ninth state ratifying the United States Constitution the document enters into effect.

On August 8, King Louis XVI of France agrees to convene the Estates-General in May of 1789. The Estates-General had last been called in 1614.

On September 8, a ship arrives in London from Halifax. This is not in itself an abnormal occurrence. This ship contains maps from the expeditions exploring parts of North America. A fairly good picture of lands west of the Mississippi had been made, including several ways through the mountain passes. It is decided that the Empire cannot at this time conduct a settlement campaign further west when its current possessions need a larger and more loyal population, but a network of ‘trading forts’ should be conducted. The Spanish presence in much of its nominal territory is minimal or non-existent. The forts can be used now for commerce, but later to help enforce a claim or to help future settlement. The Company is directed to reach the Pacific Ocean overland, and to develop plans for the military to rapidly gain control of the area should a war with Spain emerge. The Royal Engineers start to conduct a very detailed formal survey of British North America.

1789:
On January 7 of 1789 the first United States Presidential and House of Representatives elections are held. As a result of this election George Washington is unanimously elected as the first President under the Constitution of the United States.

On May 5, the Estates-General convene.

On June 17, members of the Third Estate of the Estates-General declare themselves to be the National Assembly.

On June 20, members of the National Assembly take the Tennis Court Oath in Versailles.

On July 9, the National Assembly reconstitutes itself as the National Constituent Assembly begins preparations to create a French constitution.

On July 10, Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Mackenzie River Delta in Rupert’s Land.

On July 11, King Louis XVI fires is Chief Minister, the following day a large Parisian crowd gathers and demonstrates against this decision.

On July 14, the French Revolution is seen to formally begin as Parisian citizens’ storm the Bastille.

On July 27 the United States forms is first federal agency under its new constitution. This is the Department of Foreign Affairs. It does not last long with this name as is renamed as the Department of State.

On August 4, members of France’s Constituent Assembly take an oath to end feudalism and abandon their privileges.

On August 8, the United States Department of War is established.

On August 12, the His Majesty’s British Government starts to increase the size of its standing army in British North America. The increase in the size of the military is accompanied by a strengthening of the militia’s of the North American colonies.

On August 26, The Declaration of the Rights of Man is proclaimed in France.

On September 2, the United states Department of the Treasury is founded.

On September 25, the United States Congress proposes 12 constitutional amendments to the states of the United States.

On September 29, the United States Department of War establishes a permanent regular army. While small, this army is cause for concern in British North America and brings additional support from the colonies towards funding an increased British military presence.

1790:
On January 9 of 1790, George Washington gives the First State of the Union Address.

On February 4, Louis XVI declares that he will maintain the constitutional laws passed by the national Assembly.

On March 4, France is divided into 83 departments replacing provinces. The department boundaries cut across the former provinces to discourage former regional loyalty.

On June 20, the Compromise of 1790 is made in the United States of America. This eases tensions within the Union by setting the site of a capital and relieving the financial burdens of state governments.

On July 12, the Civil Constitution of the Clergy is passed in France. This results in an effective secularization of the Roman Catholic Church in France.

On July 16, the Residence Bill is signed. This creates the District of Columbia, the capital district of the United States.

On August 4, the United States starts the creation of a system of cutters for revenue enforcement. There is some concern in Westminster that some of these cutters might find their way into military action.

1791:
On January 25 of 1791, British North America Constitutional Order (1791) is put into effect. This constitutional order changes the structure of the British North American colonies by placing them more firmly under a Governor-General of British North America. The Governor-General shall have overall authority over the Provinces of Canada, and be responsible for co-coordinating policy[FONT=&quot][7][/FONT] and defences of all parts of British North America. Each Province will be governed by a Lieutenant – Governor. This order does not introduce Responsible Government for any part of British North America. Responsible Government in some form for British North America within the next few decades is seen as necessary, but not before the status of Ireland is changed. If any part of the British Empire is to be considered be in need of a governance reform it is Ireland due to some dissatisfaction among non-conforming Protestants and Catholics over the way the island is governed. There is some body of thought that the island should be made a part of Great Britain, and that with a new Act of Union some changes ought to be made to the previous Act of Union which joined together England and Scotland.

On March 4, Vermont is admitted as a State of the United States.

On September 13, Louis XVI accepts the final version of the completed French Constitution.

On December 15, the ratification of the first ten amendments of the United States is complete creating the United States Bill of Rights.

1792:
On January 14 of 1792, the first settlements for Irish Catholics in Central and Western Canada are approved of by the Court of St. James, and controls over Irish emigration to the Provinces of Canada are eliminated. While the King was reluctant to grant his approval he gave it when it was pointed out to him that the existence of English speaking Catholic communities would have better chance of assimilating French speakers then Protestant communities. The Catholic Church in Eastern Canada itself was reluctant to allow French speaking Catholics to spread to the other colonies due to a lack of Catholic priests and its desire to keep influence over its flock, this move counters their main arguments. As a side effect it also increases the strength of Protestants in Ireland itself.

On April 20, France declares war against Austria.

On May 17, the Buttonwood Agreement is signed beginning the New York Stock Exchange.

On June 1, Kentucky becomes the fifteenth state of the United States of America.

On June 4, Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound on behalf of Great Britain and the British Empire

On June 13, Prussia declares war against France.

On August 10, In France, Tuileries Palace is stormed and Louis XVI is taken into custody.

On September 20, during the Battle of Valmy the French revolutionary army defeats a Prussian force under the command of the Duke of Brunswick.

On September 21, the French Convention establishes the First Republic and abolishes the monarchy.

On October 5, a British expedition officially crosses the Rocky Mountains and reaches the Pacific Ocean at the mouth of the Columbia River. Within two years time there will be two forts west of the mountains.

On December 26, the trial of King Louis XVI begins.

1793:
On January 2 of 1793, Russia and Prussia further reduce the size of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

On January 6, one step toward reform in Ireland happens with a widening of the franchise to non-conforming Protestants.

On January 21, King Louise XVI, as Citizen Capet, is found guilty of treason and is guillotined. With the execution of King Louise another source of immigrants emerges: French Royalists. The Royal Navy will work to help relocate royalist pockets and their families to England to help booster the Royalist presence in North America. Throughout the French Revolutionary War 75,000 people are rescued from the Vendée and Chouannerie fronts, there transport to North America from England can only be commenced upon the conclusion of hostilities in Europe.

On February 1, the French Republic declares war on Great Britain and the Netherlands.

On March 5, French troops are defeated in Liege by Austrian forces.

On March 7, France declares war on Spain.

On July 9, the Act Against Slavery is passed in the Province of Central Canada. By the end of the month it is also ratified by the other two Canadian provinces.

On August 23, in France universal conscription is introduced.

On September 5, the Louvre Palace is opened to the public as a museum.

On November 10, in France at the cathedral of Notre Dame, the cathedral is converted to the worship of the Goddess “Reason.”

1794:
On February 4 of 1794, the French Republic abolishes slavery.

On March 27, the United States Government authorizes the construction of the first six United States naval vessels.

On May 1, the French defeat Spanish and Portuguese forces in the Battle of Boluou.

On May 18, At the Battle of Tourcoing, British forces are defeated.

On June 4, British troops capture Port-au-Prince in Haiti.

On June 26, French defeat Austrian forces in the Battle of Fleurus. This marks the end of the Austrian Netherlands, the first use of aviation in combat, and the destruction of the Dutch Republic.

1795:
On January 16 of 1795, French forces occupy Utrecht in the Netherlands.

On January 17, Revolution breaks out in Amsterdam. Two days later the Batavian Republic is proclaimed. The following day French forces enter Amsterdam.

On July22, the Second Treaty of Basel is signed. This ends the war of the Pyrenees between the French Republic on one hand and Portugal and Spain on the other. As part of the settlement Spain cedes its half of the island of Hispaniola to France.

On August 25, British forces capture Trincomalee in Ceylon from the Batavian Republic.

On August 28, the Third Treaty of Basel is signed. This treaty ends the war between French First Republic and the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel.

On September 16, British forces capture Cape Town in South Africa from the Batavian Republic.

On September 28, the Alliance of St Petersburg is formed between Britain, Russia and Austria against France.

On October 1, the Austrian Netherlands is annexed to the French Republic.

On October 24, the Third Partition of Poland is made.

On October 27, the Treaty of Madrid is signed between the United States and Spain. This treaty establishes the borders between the two countries.

1796:
On February 16 of 1796, the Kingdom of Great Britain is granted control of Ceylon by the Dutch.

On April 12, Napoleon Bonaparte gains his first victory as an army commander in the Battle of Montenotte.

On June 1, Tennessee is admitted to the United States as its 16th state.

In August the Anglo-Spanish War of 1796 begins. British flags are official raised over a series of forts in Spanish territory in North America, as elements of the British Army and colonial militia are dispatched to the trading forts. The British East India is directed to dispatch three thousand soldiers from the Philippines and India to the west coast of North America.

On November 3, John Adams wins the presidency of the United States.

1797:
On February 22 of 1797, the last Earthling led land invasion of Britain begins. This invasion is comprised of French forces under the command of an American by the name of Colonel William Tate.

On February 25, the Tate Invasion is over as William Tate surrenders.

On February 26, the Bank of England issues the first one and two pound notes.

On March 4, John Adams is sworn in as the American president.

On March 6, elections are held in Scotland both for the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Explicitly the vote is not so much on party’s or candidate’s but on amendments to the Act of Union. Government proposals while permitting alterations to Scotland’s legal system would allow all Scottish Peers to sit in the House of Lords and continue to protect the Church of Scotland.

1798:
On April 7 of 1798, the Mississippi territory is organized by the United States following the cession of land from Georgia and South Carolina.

On April 12, Helvetic Republic is created following the collapse of the Swiss Confederacy.

On May 23, Irish rebellion occurs. This rebellion does not achieve widespread support due to the changes of the franchise, and strong signals from Westminster over Catholic Emancipation[FONT=&quot][8][/FONT]. Still the rebellion does keep Lord Cornwallis busy when he arrives in August.

On June 12, the France takes temporary control over Malta.

On July 1, Napoleon’s troops land in Egypt

On July 7, the Quasi-War between the United States and France starts.

On July 11, the United States Marine Corps is re-established.

On July 14, British forces in North America start there advance using horses as transportation and functioning more as mounted infantry then as cavalry or pure infantry. By winter most of Louisiana, New Mexico, and small parts of the California’s will be more British the Spanish control and influence. British presence does not extend so much southerly[FONT=&quot][9][/FONT] as it does westward.

On July 24, French forces under Napoleon occupy Cairo.



On August 22, French troops land in County Mayo in Ireland to assist with the rebellion. French troops while being only one thousand in number join with only two thousand rebels. Lord Cornwallis is able to crush them without great difficulty.

On September 10, off the coast of British Honduras a group of British subjects and slaves defeat a Spanish force from Mexico. This is known as the Battle of St. George's Caye.

On October 3, the forces from Asia arrive in North America after a stopover in Hawaii. The Spanish Empire had not heavily settled the California’s and British forces are able to gain nominal control over them by the end of the year.

On October 12, the Battle of Troy Island occurs off the coast of Ireland. In this battle the Royal Navy forces the surrender of French ships and troops attempting to support the Irish rebellion.

1799:
On January 9 of 1799, William Pitt the Younger introduces an income tax to help pay for the war effort against France.

On August 27, Great Brittan and Russia attempt to invade the Batavian Republic but are repulsed.

On October 14, New Orleans[FONT=&quot][10][/FONT] falls to a British force including regular soldiers and militia from British North America and elements of the Royal Navy and the army from the Caribbean.

On March 2, the proposals for joining Ireland with the Kingdom of Great Britain are formally unveiled. They face heavy opposition in some quarters due to the issue of Catholic Emancipation. King George III is told by his First Lord of the Treasury that unless he signs the Act of Union the Anglican presence in Ireland might be completely extinguished if another revolt occurs, and that the British position in its remaining North American colonies and the Philippines are perilous at best. William Pitt also threatens to resign should the Act of Union not be signed by the end of the year.

On November 9, Napoleon overthrows the French Directory. The following month he becomes First Consul.

On December 12, after a marathon session of Parliament the Act of Union, 1800 is signed into law to enter into effect on January 1. This act fully annexes Ireland and the Isle of Man into the Kingdom of Great Britain, which is renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It also includes full Catholic and Jewish emancipation, establishes the Peerage of the United Kingdom as the only peerage within the British Empire, and amends the Acts of Union, 1707. The emancipation provisions also may enter into force in the Crown Colonies either at the discretion of the Governor or by Order-in-Council. There is one reservation in Catholic emancipation, that being creation of any new hierarchy or position must be approved by the King. Legal emancipation does not end discrimination, but it is a start. Some provisions of the Act of Union such as the elimination of barriers to commerce, harmonization of local government structures, and implementing uniform legal standards throughout the United Kingdom will take time, and peace to implement.

1800:
On January 1, the Act of Union, 1800, enters into force with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland coming into being.

On May 5, the English Pound Sterling is extended to Ireland and Scotland. Banks within the United Kingdom other then the Bank of England are stripped by Parliament of the legal ability to print money.

On September 5, His Majesty’s Armed Forces liberate the islands of Malta and Gozo from the French.

[FONT=&quot][1][/FONT] period name for Prince Edward Island
[FONT=&quot][2][/FONT] historically the Northwest Territory
[FONT=&quot][3][/FONT] Ceded to the British Empire in the Treaty of Paris (1763), while only Manila was occupied the Spanish did not know that when signing the treaty. British control has been fully established around Manila and is recognized throughout the islands by the locals, at least nominally.
[FONT=&quot][4][/FONT] Lands under Spanish Rule: Louisiana, the California’s, New Mexico and what becomes New Caledonia.
[FONT=&quot][5][/FONT] Montreal, Quebec City, Eastern Townships, and the Gaspe Peninsula
[FONT=&quot][6][/FONT] Including Hanoverians
[FONT=&quot][7][/FONT] Primarily transportation and settlement policy
[FONT=&quot][8][/FONT] In a large part due to pressures from North America and from the Philippines. While a conversation of most Christians to Anglicanism was successful a notable minority remains Catholic. Fears about Ireland also keep it firm on the First Lord of the Treasury’s agenda.
[FONT=&quot][9][/FONT] British efforts are to expand control westward more than southward, at least outside of the Californias.
[FONT=&quot][10][/FONT] estimated population 9,000
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