November 1939, Canada.
The attitude of the British government in ordering war supplies from Canada had been quite reserved. There were two main reasons - first, Canada didn't produce much war material, although plans were in motion to increase this, and secondly that Britain was short of Canadian dollars with which to pay for them. The situation wasn't helped by the general reluctance of British firms to give up their designs and technical knowledge, although there were exceptions - companies which had Canadian subsidiaries were more likely to help. Canadian manufacturing was based on the American pattern and systems, and this meant it was often hard to make equipment to a British specification. It was a somewhat complicated situation for the British, who also saw Canadian industry as the best available in the Dominions.
For its part, the Canadian Government was hoping to avoid a repeat of the heavy losses on the Western Front, and if possible to avoid any form of general conscription. However forces would be needed to defend Canada, and public opinion made it necessary to offer some Army units. The initial decision was to raise two Infantry Divisions, one to serve in Europe and one to defend Canada. After considerable discussion, it was pointed out that Canada was in the process of building factories that could produce tanks and other armoured vehicles. Considering this, and the British ideas about using armoured forces, the force would have two Armoured Brigades added, one of which would serve overseas with the 1st Canadian Division. Unlike the British Independent Armoured Brigades, it was intended that this would be a permanent addition. The 1st Canadian division would also be equipped with carriers - they had seen the estimated for how these could reduce casualties, and doing this was a major aim of the politicians.
The raising and training of the 1st Canadian was going well, and it was hoped that it would be ready to send overseas in the Spring. Then it was expected to need some months of additional work in order to integrate it with the British Army. The expectation was that there was sufficient equipment available for the bulk of the division's needs, although some things like AT guns would be needed from Britain. While Canada was looking at building these herself, the new Vickers plant near Toronto wasn't expected to start production before the middle of 1940.
There were some things that could be delivered faster. Canada could produce trucks, and the British Army needed all the trucks it could get. After looking at the available resources, Vivian Lloyd had been consulted and a modified Lloyd carrier design, using vehicle components sourced in Canada, was a quite feasible option. This had been looking at before the war, and it was hoped the first Canadian-pattern carrier would roll out early next year. In the meantime, the British had suggested that if the Canadians were to go with the Sabre or Matilda tanks, they could supply enough to get the units trained up before Canadian production started to arrive. They would also be happy for some of the men who were to form the units arrive in Britain to get some experience with the tanks.
November 1939. The mobile Anti-Aircraft gun
The idea of a twin 20mm Oerlikon cannon mounted on a carrier had been original intended to give air protection to the fast-moving armoured brigades. An order for 100 guns had been made with the Swiss company in November of 1938, and about 60 had been delivered; the rest were expected by early in the New Year. The intention had been to then use the British-built version - this had been requested by the Royal Navy, simplification being needed to allow unskilled operators to work with the gun. The Army had expected to receive a portion of the output, but while they had started to come off the production line some months ago, so far the navy had grabbed all of them.
The Army had requested that either a percentage of the output be allocated to them, so they could plan properly, or that an additional order be placed with the Swiss, although they were unhappy with the slow rate of production. Given the now-huge need of AA guns by the Army, a second, larger, production line had been authorised, but this wouldn't be producing any guns until late Spring 1940.
As a temporary solution, 300 guns were ordered from Switzerland. The order would have been larger, but the Swiss couldn't promise delivery of even this order before next summer, and by then domestic production would be available. In the meantime, the rest of the existing order would go to the Army, and a small number of the guns the Navy wanted.
To maximise the use of the guns, the suggestion was that the initial guns would all be carrier-mounted. This was more a more expensive solution, but it meant that they could be moved around in support much faster, and with the limited availability of guns this would be useful. Once supply of guns increased, the carrier mounted version would be re-allocated to the Armoured formations.
It was hoped by the Spring to have 40 units available (the remaining 10 being used for training) using Swiss guns, and another 20 using the British version. The 1st Armoured would need 24, and the proposed Independent Armoured Brigade another 12. The remaining 24 would be allocated as divisional assets to the Infantry divisions, to get them familiar with the weapon. In time, these would be replaced by a truck-towed version.
15th December 1939
Just in time for Xmas, the 5th Infantry division arrived in France. This was the last of the regular divisions, the next to arrive would be territorial units.
After the arrangement made over the reserves, the 5th would act with the 1st Armoured Division as the British contribution. The 1st Armoured wasn't complete yet, although the final units were expected soon, and while they had to be ready if needed, it was hoped there would be time to allow training both with the 1st and with the French Corps. While the men had some familiarity with tanks, it was felt they needed more experience both in working with them and acting as part of a mobile force. To aid that, they were going to be the first infantry division equipped with the new Wyvern carriers, although so far only enough were available to equip one Brigade.
Once the 1st Armoured was operation, the two divisions would form III Corps under General Lindsay. An old armoured hand, he'd been involved in training in the UK and was thought his experience in playing the infantry defence against the RTC in summer exercises would be most helpful, as the expected use of the force would be to repel German Panzer formations.