Few things to note:
1. The Powers couldn't agree on how to divide China after the OTL Boxer Rebellion. Thus they opted to an uneasy compromise with nominal Qing control, Open Door and unequal treaties with treaty ports and cities, and defined spheres of influence.
2. There were instances where such agreements could not be reached, and after the Russo-Japanese War Qing authorities continued the military reform programs they had initiated earlier.
3. The Boxer uprisings cast a long shadow to the strategic thinking of the Powers. Directly annexing large areas of Chinese interiour was deemed too costly, when the option of economically beneficial exploitation of Chinese markets and the Qing state apparatus could continue.
4. Aside from Japan and perhaps the United States, none of the Powers was in a position to risk a war for China due the volatile situation in Europe.
5. The idea of splitting up China between European Powers more or less died a violent death at the hand of the Boxers. After that the Powers were content to continue the tried and true policy of supporting Qing against internal Chinese revolts.
Now, Chinese nationalism was slowly becoming a thing, and the tensions between the central government and provincial authorities were growing regardless of events outside of China. Sooner or later there would a new revolt against Qing. But would the Powers be able to act together as before? Oppressing reformed Chinese forces with modern weaponry wouldn't be as easy crushing the Boxers a few decades earlier, and the memory of Russian occupation of Manchuria and the following war against Japan would make the British, Germans and French tread lightly.
All in all, it seems most likely that China would remain nominally united, but de facto divided into regional areas where certain Powers hold sway and control events. This situation would carry on for a while, but the more or less inevitable Han-nationalist revolution against Qing may or may not be opposed by joint European intervention(s), leading to possible future annexations among the coast. There were simply too many Chinese armed with modern weapons and hostile towards the idea of becoming a colony to make Indian-styled conquest likely, especially because virtually all Powers had a stake on the future of China.