The
French elections of 1983 were held on 30 October and marked the return of constitutional rule following a period of
military dictatorship since 1976. They were the first elections of the
Seventh Republic and saw voters choosing the
President, members of the
National Assembly and their respective
departmental legislators. With a turnout of 85.6%, the moderate
Civic Union won both the presidency and a majority in the National Assembly, in both cases ahead of the
Gaullist Republican Party.
The
Sixth Republic had been inaugurated in 1973, following a
seven-year period of
military rule. The Gaullist victor in the
1973 elections,
Jacques Chaban-Delmas, however failed to get to grips with the recurrent problems of financial instability, inflation, endemic corruption and violent race relations. Chaban-Delmas' left wing policies also exacerbated existing divisions between left wing and right wing Gaullists, leading many of the latter to conclude that another period of military government would be beneficial. The leader of the junta that
seized power in 1976,
General Alain de Boissieu, was the son-in-law of
Charles de Gaulle and initially ruled in cohabitation with rightist Gaullist politicians but his government gradually drifted to the right over the years. An attempt to
militarily seize the
Channel Islands in 1982 ended in an embarrassing defeat for France and the
occupation of Paris by the
Indian Army. Boissieu remained president but was forced to call a
constitutional convention under
League of Nations supervision.
Boissieu's final act before the election campaign began was to issue an amnesty for those involved in the last seven years of dictatorship (including himself) which aroused significant controversy. The centrist Civic Union nominated
Jean Lecanuet as their candidate and he focused his campaign on accusing the Republicans, who had refused to condemn the amnesty and had in some cases participated in the dictatorship, of enjoying Boissieu's tacit support. Lecanuet also enjoyed the support of a number of dissident and exiled French intellectuals and artists, including
Roland Barthes. The Republicans struggled with intraparty tensions between the left and the right. Their chosen candidate,
Charles Pasqua, came from the party's right wing but limited his campaign largely to an evocation of the much-admired former President Charles de Gaulle.
Bitter memories of the dictatorship and Chaban-Delmas' underwhelming tenure resulted in a solid victory for the Civic Union. However, the lifting of regulations against labour unions led to a
wave of strikes as economic problems (mostly inherited from the dictatorship) persisted and deepened. Undermined by events, Lecanuet would only serve one term and be defeated by the Gaullist candidate
Jacques Chirac in the
1989 presidential elections.