After the horrors of the Crimean War, the American Civil War, the Wars of Italian unification, the Franco-Prussian War and other wars, there is a widespread reaction against war from 1871 onwards. Within 10 years in the region of 25 to 30 percent of the adult male population of independent states and colonial territories of empires identify as pacifists and refuse to join the armed forces of their countries and empires.
What would be the consequences of there being this significant minority of pacifists? I would imagine that there would be fewer wars, because wars would end if men refused to fight.