The Confluence of Washukanni: The story of an empowered Anatolian-Mitanni Empire

[Albrecht]

The Prelude:

It is the Bronze Age in the Near East. Asia Minor is a busy place. Many City states and small Bronze Age kingdoms dot the birthplace of the Human Civilization. The people of the City states speak several Language isolates like Hattian, Kaskian, Isaurian, Caucasian Albanian etc which could all likely be a part of a much larger sprachbund or a totally different large language family we are yet to be discover and these people are believed to be related to the inhabitants of today's Anatolia and Caucasus. In the Eastern Anatolia, exists a larger language family, well, for now. It is the Hurro-Urartian language family. It is spoken by the Hurrians and the Urartians. Hurrians and Urartians are strongly believed to originate from the Caucasus and inhabited large regions of what is today Eastern Turkey, Armenia and Northern regions of Iraq and Syria.

The Arrival of the Indo-Europeans:

The Indo-Europeans are a large group of people who are believed to first originate in what is today Northeastern Europe, past the Danube basin upto the Ural and the Volga rivers. The region where the first Indo-Europeans lived intersects the domain of various Uralic, North Caucasian and Peleo-European languages. The first arrivals into Anatolia was of the Anatolian branch. It is a Centum branch like the Greek, Germanic, Italic and Celtic languages of today. They are thought to have arrived via the Balkans and settle parts of Anatolia, establishing themselves over the earlier City states, into which they would integrate into, but cause a language shift to Anatolian under which branch are the languages of Hittite, Palaic, Luwian and Lydian. The Hittites were the most influential ones of this group. The empire built by the Hittites from their capital of Hattusa, formerly a Hattian city state, was the first Empire that transcended the City State level.

As the Anatolians were settling in Anatolia, an another branch of Indo-Europeans soon arrive, to encounter the descendants of their own ancestors who diverged centuries ago. The settling pattern is quite similar in this case, but since the encounter is with a larger group, the language adopted would be that of the conquered. This group of the Indo-Europeans are called the Indo-Aryans, who are a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European languages. Unlike the Anatolians and the Phrygians, these are speakers of the Satem Languages, like the today's Armenian and Balto-Slavic languages. Two subgroups of the Indo-Iranian family make it to the Near East. First arrive the Indo-Aryans who enter the region via the Mazandaran coast of the Caspian sea and conquer the Hurrian people living in Southeastern Turkey and Northern Syria of today to establish the Mitanni Empire, initially ruled by an Indo-Aryan speaking ruling class, whose language whole later shift to Hurrian as their population speaks, but the names of the Gods are retained. This is a part of group that ventured into the Indus valley, who are known as the Vedic Aryans and the same language group is dominant in India, today. Coming back to the Near East, let us go to the Levant. This strategic region, as in our Timeline, will play a dominant role in the World's History, though in a different yet similar way.

Later would arrive the Medes of the Iranian subgroup in the Northern Mesopotamia who will be taken up later in the Timeline.

The Levant:

To the South of the Mitanni Hurrian State, in the green hilly regions bordering the Mediterranean sea, reside the speakers of the Canaanite languages, which is a subdivision of the Northwestern Semitic languages, of which the Aramaic, Assyrian and the Babylonian are also a part of. Canaanite languages are further divided into Phoenician, Ammonite, Moabite and Israelite(Hebrew) languages. The major split is said to have happened in the Late Bronze age due to reasons yet unknown. To the North of the Canaanite domain lies the great Mitanni, whose capital is situated in Washukanni, in Southern Turkey. The empire occupies a very fertile region.

The beginnings of the Anatolian-Mitanni Empire:

As the Mitanni Empire goes through relatively stable times in around 1400 BC, there is an increased influence from Anatolia into the Mitanni Empire. Anatolians, in this timeline, have unified into a single kingdom/empire. Hittite and Luwian are the largest languages. After a few decades and centuries of Anatolian influence, the Mitanni empire becomes a vassal of the Anatolians with a treaty in names of the Anatolian deities of the Anatolians and the Vedic and Hurrian deities of the Mitanni. The influence is becoming more and more prominent. In the wake of the hostilities form outside Anatolia, this turns into an Unification. The Anatolia is an unified empire and new foundation for a capital is laid in what is today Adana in Turkey, on the coast of the Mediterranean sea, which would also serve as a trading and a cultural center linking the Empire with the Greeks and the Egyptians later. Washukanni and Hattusa serve as major Cultural, Commercial and Military Centers.

The next part will speak about the Mesopotamian, Greek, Egyptian, Armenian and the Iranian Empires and their influences.

 

[Albrecht]

I would thank @John7755 يوحنا a lot for a lot of valuable suggestions and motivation to make this timeline.

 

[Albrecht]

So, I am giving an opportunity to you guys to suggest this.
Do you want
*Anatolian Levant
*Mitanni Hurrian(with Indo-Aryan Mitanni influences) Levant
*As in OTL, Canaanite NW Semitic Levant(but influenced by Anatolian and Hurrian)
Which do you think would make the timeline interesting?

 

[Shahrasayr]

So, I am giving an opportunity to you guys to suggest this.
Do you want
*Anatolian Levant
*Mitanni Hurrian(with Indo-Aryan Mitanni influences) Levant
*As in OTL, Canaanite NW Semitic Levant(but influenced by Anatolian and Hurrian)
Which do you think would make the timeline interesting?

The second please. I'd be really interested to see what you could do with a syncretic Indo-Aryan and Hurrian faith. Would it be something kin to the Vedic religion? Or would we see more Near Eastern style worship of divinities with idols and temples built to Indara Šauškanna cohabiting those of the Levant like the goddess Ḫebat and her Mitanni-Aryan origin sons the Našatyannas?

 

[Albrecht]

The second please. I'd be really interested to see what you could do with a syncretic Indo-Aryan and Hurrian faith. Would it be something kin to the Vedic religion? Or would we see more Near Eastern style worship of divinities with idols and temples built to Indara Šauškanna cohabiting those of the Levant like the goddess Ḫebat and her Mitanni-Aryan origin sons the Našatyannas.?

I will see about things. The Indo-Aryan influences, of course, will be there in the religions in that country and surrounding regions. How close to Hinduism(not Historical Vedic Religion) it would be is a question as we definitely cant make a close or an exact copy as the Geographical co-ordinates and conditions are very different. I would try to include some reasonable aspects, however.

We need to balance Anatolian and Canaanite influences, too. Let's see what we arrive at. Languages in the region however, will be Hurrian, Urartian, Anatolian and Canaanite languages(which include Hebrew, Phoenician, etc) as the Indo-Aryan ruling class soon adopted the local languages unlike the Anatolians who caused a reverse shift. This was probably because the Indo-Aryans were Nomadic or of a lesser number compared to the Anatolians. But we will have the names of deities and a few important words in that language.

 

[Shahrasayr]

I will see about things. The Indo-Aryan influences, of course, will be there in the religions in that country and surrounding regions. How close to Hinduism(not Historical Vedic Religion) it would be is a question as we definitely cant make a close or an exact copy as the Geographical co-ordinates and conditions are very different. I would try to include some reasonable aspects, however.

We need to balance Anatolian and Canaanite influences, too. Let's see what we arrive at. Languages in the region however, will be Hurrian, Urartian, Anatolian and Canaanite languages(which include Hebrew, Phoenician, etc) as the Indo-Aryan ruling class soon adopted the local languages unlike the Anatolians who caused a reverse shift. This was probably because the Indo-Aryans were Nomadic or of a lesser number compared to the Anatolians. But we will have the names of deities and a few important words in that language.

I definitely agree and I don't expect to see anything really resembling the Hinduism or even the Historical Vedic Religion (as we can say that most likely the hymns of the Rigveda were composed in Eastern Afghanistan, the Punjab and the westernmost extremities of the Doab, with the verses being very geographically intrinsic to the region) but it'd be interesting for concepts like Rta, Satya and Maya influencing local thoughts or even being incorporated into it.

And again I definitely see the Mitanni language being of an Hurro-Urartian descent with the majority of Indo-European substrate being derived from Anatolian languages like Hittite. But theonyms, toponyms and social and kingship terms definitely will have an Indo-Aryan origin to them. I'm looking forward to what you come up with.

 

[Albrecht]

Compiling the Teaser as per the above opinion,

The Levant will be predominantly Mitanni Hurrian with Mitanni Indo-Aryan and Anatolian influences to it, then. I am gathering information for this which may take some time if its hard to find.

Canaanite languages, though would be heavily influenced by Mitanni Hurrian, will survive as a majority in what is today Jordan, with other parts of the Levant mostly Mitanni Hurrian. Carthage would look entirely different and will probably be settled from Southern Europe than from Phoenicia or may not exist at all, till the Greeks and Romans rise. These are under progress.

 

[Falecius]

I am not sure I understand. What is the POD? A stabler Hittite Empire after Suppiluliuma's reign, retaining its power over a vassalized Mitanni? If so, how do they deal with Assur-Uballit's Assyrian resurgence? Does Assyria remain subservient to Mitanni, even after Hittite ascendancy there? And what about Thutmosid Egypt, now notionally at its height? Do the smaller city states of the Levant such as Amurru and Ugarit still try to play Hittites and Egyptians against each other?
If the capital is Adana, Luwian should be the dominant imperial language, or at least the one spoken in the capital, and this Empire would be essentially the heir of the older Cilician kingdom of Kizzuwatna, which the Hittites had conquered. However, the regional centre of Hittite power in the Southeast historically was Karkemish on the Euphrates, where Hurrian, Luwian and Semitic coexisted (and Hittite Imperial tradition survived for centuries after the fall of Hattusa). Why does the dynasty (assuming it is still the Hittite royal house) chose to abandon Hattusa for Adana anyway? There are major cultic reasons why this would be problematic, even if in purely geopolitical terms, the move makes a lot of sense and, in hindsight, should lead to a stabler and stronger ensemble than the Hittite state IOTL.
However, I get the sense that it is Mitanni, not Khatti, the senior partner here.

 

[Albrecht]

I am not sure I understand. What is the POD? A stabler Hittite Empire after Suppiluliuma's reign, retaining its power over a vassalized Mitanni? If so, how do they deal with Assur-Uballit's Assyrian resurgence? Does Assyria remain subservient to Mitanni, even after Hittite ascendancy there? And what about Thutmosid Egypt, now notionally at its height? Do the smaller city states of the Levant such as Amurru and Ugarit still try to play Hittites and Egyptians against each other?
If the capital is Adana, Luwian should be the dominant imperial language, or at least the one spoken in the capital, and this Empire would be essentially the heir of the older Cilician kingdom of Kizzuwatna, which the Hittites had conquered. However, the regional centre of Hittite power in the Southeast historically was Karkemish on the Euphrates, where Hurrian, Luwian and Semitic coexisted (and Hittite Imperial tradition survived for centuries after the fall of Hattusa). Why does the dynasty (assuming it is still the Hittite royal house) chose to abandon Hattusa for Adana anyway? There are major cultic reasons why this would be problematic, even if in purely geopolitical terms, the move makes a lot of sense and, in hindsight, should lead to a stabler and stronger ensemble than the Hittite state IOTL.
However, I get the sense that it is Mitanni, not Khatti, the senior partner here.

Let me clarify one by one.

The principal POD is a greater Anatolian influence (through various alternate migrations and settlements in Anatolia) on the Mitanni and eventual Vassalization and then annexation in a way similar to Roman annexation of Anatolia, Syria and Egypt.

Why Adana and not Hattusa has a reason that its quite far from the Empire's axis, as it expands into the Levant and makes it hard to govern. The Geography isn't simple in Hattusa, as well. Adana on the other hand, is fertile, rich and accessible. It would also help stable a large regional population and connectivity to Egypt, Greece and the kingdoms/empires that would come up in Southern Europe(refer the other thread for that as its still under constructuon).

Assyria, Medea, Persia, Armenia, Egypt and the Southern Europe will be covered in the next part.

 

[Albrecht]

You will see the next update after October 30th. Just wanted to update that I have not abandoned the timeline.

 

[Albrecht]

The Surrounding World

The Levant: The Levant is the region where Asia ends and the Mediterranean Sea begins and leads into Europe and North Africa, which forms a lake like Geographical feature between the two continents, leading into the Mighty Atlantic at the Sunny Iberia, beyond which nobody has dared ventured in that Age. At the crossroads of the World, it has been an integral part of the Human Civilization since the beginning. It lies to the South of the Asia Minor and touches the Anatolian-Mitanni Empire in its Southern Fringes. For now. Levant is populated mostly by the Canaanite speaking people towards the Coast and on towards the Mesopotamia, is populated by the Assyrians/Arameans. All these collectively form the "Northwest Semitic" branch of the Semitic peoples.

Egypt: The place which everyone wants, it is the richest region in the World surrounding with the presence of the mighty Nile river. The region is populated by an another Afro-Asiatic branch, the Egyptians who are ruled by a Pharaoh. They are famous for their interesting religion and the massive megastructures for their Gods and Emperors. It borders the Mediterranean sea on its Southern side and Levant towards the Southwest. Egypt has had a good relationship with the Mitanni Kingdom and that includes a Queen of Egypt who was of Mitanni origin. The Anatolian-Mitanni Empire inherits the relationship. Good trade routes are established from the Capital in Adana to the Ports in Egypt and both enjoy a healthy relationship.

Africa: Africa begins at the Southern border of the Mediterranean sea. For most purposes, the lands to the West of Egypt are considered as Africa. Except the Coast of the Mediterranean, most of it is scary and uninhabited, with the temperatures reaching scary heights. The populated regions have the Berber people along with Iberians and Celtic peoples, who live in City states and enjoy a trade relationship with the bigger kingdoms. To the South into the Desert, live the Nomadic version of the Berbers. Nobody knows what's beyond.

Europe: Europe begins the Northern border of the Mediterranean sea. It begins just after the Anatolia. The accessible regions are populated by the Greeks, Iberians, Celts, Etruscans, Rhaetians, Thracians and the Italic peoples. There are mostly City states and small kingdoms all around the Mediterranean as of now. The Mediterranean region is very rich and fertile region and enjoys the presence of an excellent climate and the connectivity of the Mediterranean sea.

Armenia: Armenia is a region that lies to the East of the Anatolia which is populated by the Armenians who are an amalgamation of the Indo-European migrants and the Ancient Hurrians and the Urartians, who are native to the region. Armenia is a connecting region between the Middle East and the Steppes in the North. The whole region is collectively known as the Caucasus, which has played a crucial role in birthing the kingdoms in these regions, centuries and millennia ago.

Persia: Known as the "Land of the Aryans" or Iran or Eranshahr, this is the home of the Persians at the moment. The Persians superimposed themselves over the earlier Gutians, Eamites and the BMAC culture, en route from the Steppes. Persians are intelligent people and have built many advanced cities and have contributed to famous works inspiring all the Known World. To the East live many other peoples who could become relevant somewhere in this story.

The Steppe: A source of endless fear and fascination among the Kingdoms in the region, the Steppe is a continuous stretch of Land beginning from the Eastern fringes of Europe and continuing all over the Asia till the Pacific Ocean on the other side. The Western regions of the Steppe has played a prominent role in the makeup of the regions around it and is the place of origin of the Anatolians, the Mitanni Aryans, Persians, Medes, Greeks, Romans, Celts, Armenians and many more. As with everything that can give life can also shape and take it, this region also is a source of scary invaders. Will the Civilized World succeed in taming this scary place? Let's find out.

Arabia: Like a Mini Africa, this land is a completely deserted land, useful for nothing except sourcing camels and for trade routes for exotic goods. Begins at the Southern edge of the Levant and Mesopotamia and continues upto the Arabian Sea and Indian ocean, closely touches the land of Africa below Egypt. There are some kingdoms to the Southern part.

Mesopotamia: Called the "Land between the two rivers", this rich and fertile region lies between the Levant and Persia. This is home to several advanced cities and city states along the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers, which have seen wave after wave of migrations into it and has shaped its character accordingly. Currently, its populated by Assyrians and Arameans, mostly with the previous inhabitants Akkadians, etc going extinct through Assimilation with the Persians and the Assyrians/Arameans.

 

[Albrecht]

The Firm Foundations: After the consolidation of the territories and the merger of the two Kingdoms, a Century later, their foundations as a Superpower in the Mediterranean in the Centuries and the Millennia to come, has been strongly established. The Empire stretches from the Aegean Sea to the Caucasus and from the Black Sea to Hatay in the South. Capital at Adana has populations belonging to various languages like Mitanni Hurrian, Urartian and Luwian is the Lingua Franca and the most commonly spoken language in the Capital. It is known as "New Washukanni" among the Mitanni Hurrian populations and as an appropriate name among the Anatolians in their language(name is under construction and will be revealed later). There are diverse religions including the Old Indo-Aryan Paganism, various Anatolian religions, Iranian religions, Zoroastrianism, Hurrian and Urartian religions, Afro-Asiatic religious influence from Egypt, Levant and Assyria and various religions remnant of the Old Pre-Indo-European populations stretching from the Anatolia to the Caucasus and are influenced by the Indo-European religions. In this diversity, due to the mixed ethnicity of every rulers, there is a sort of neutrality towards religions and prayers are offered to the preferred deity of the king by himself and his court during any adversities. The relations between the people is quite cordial and there is a great degree of mixture by now, taking away problems of sectarianism. Religion and Society are quite decentralized and stable. The details of the Religions will be revealed in the next parts.

Expansion into the Levant: The Anatolian-Mitanni Empire, during the Bronze Age, aided by their client state, Urartu, which is beginning to have an Armenian influence by now, begin an expedition into the Levant, which is home to the NW Semitic people speaking Canaanite languages. Mostly small city states, they quickly fall one by one to the invading army. In a few pockets with severe military opposition, there have been captures of slaves and resources as booty. Levant is a rich region which is a fertile land for growing olives and grapes for wine, cooking and trade and also provides a connection to Egypt via Land and also to Arabia and India/China by sea through the Red Sea. village after village, town after town falls to the invading Anatolian-Mitanni Empire. Soon the symbols and the buildings of the Empire are erected all over the Conquered Levant as the subjugation of the locals begins. Due to their closeness to the desert and Semi-Desert climate, lands beyond Ammon would be where the Canaanite regions that wouldn't be invaded. For a Middle Bronze Age Empire, the success is just mind blowing. Even the former superpower, Assyria couldn't do anything but to stand in awe. From Northern fringes of Egypt to the Aegean Sea and the Black sea, the Anatolian-Mitanni Empire stands tall and will influence the World for millennia and pave the way for development of new powers in North Africa and Iberia, established by the Iberians and the Celts, in absence of the Phoenician trading centers. So we have multiple contenders for the Mediterranean power dominance.

Rise of the Western Kingdoms: Since the Anatolian-Mitanni Empire has conquered and incorporated all of Phoenicia, there is a power vacuum in North Africa and Iberia soon filled by the Iberian and Celtic powers by the Late Bronze Age as Rome begins to rise in the Italian peninsula with the Etruscans and the Italic Latins. Greeks are still into trading and Philosophy, not much of a superpower, and maintain good relations with the surrounding kingdoms and are quite rich within their city state level. There are occasional conflicts between themselves. The strongest power in the West now are the Berber-Iberio-Celtic kingdoms in Iberia and North Africa. How would the Anatolian-Mitanni empire and the Greeks react to this? How would the rise of the Persians affect the region? Find out in the next part.

 

[Albrecht]

The Rise of the West: The Kingdoms and Empires around the Western Mediterranean

The Iberian-Celtic Kingdoms: The Anatolian-Mitanni Empire's stunning conquest of the Levant had a side effect on the Western Mediterranean. There are no Phoenician trading colonies(set up after the Bronze Age collapse, probably) in the North Africa and Iberia as the Canaanite peoples are now under the Anatolian-Mitanni Empire and have been subjugated. The fertile Iberian peninsula has been populated by Iberian Celtic and Iberian people on the Mediterranean side, who began building kingdoms and expanding into North Africa. Soon, there are a couple of Iberian-Celtic kingdoms along the Iberia and North Africa(where today are Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco) built by confederations containing Non Indo-European Iberians and the Celtic people. In the coming eras of Peace, these kingdoms grow strong with the fertile lands and location, couples with trading and influence from the Berbers, Egypt and the Anatolian-Mitanni Empire. The biggest kingdom stretches through Iberia and Morocco and has the capital near Corduba.

The Italic Peninsula: The Italian peninsula is populated by Etruscans and an another Indo-European branch, called the Italic peoples along with Non Indo-European Etruscans and Rhaetians. There are several city states and kingdoms in the region, which are slowly growing into prominence. No single party has emerged stronger than others yet, though the former Etruscan city of Rome increases its influence, though the capital of the Iberian-Celtic kingdom is also influential to a similar extent.

So this is the scenario of the Mediterranean by the Late Bronze Age. Next part will focus on Mesopotamia and Persia.

 

[Albrecht]

Who are they: Aryan is a term that has cognates in almost all the Indo-European languages, which means noble, pure or aristocratic. The word seemed prevalent among the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European people, which includes the Mitanni Aryans, too, who refer themselves using the same term, too. Persians, along with the Scythians, Sogdians, Bactrians and several surrounding peoples speaking the same subdivision of languages, fall under the Iranian branch and the Mitanni Aryans fall under the Indo-Aryan branch. This split is said to have happened somewhere around the Caspian sea. Both refer to themselves as Aryans.

The beginnings: The Iranian peoples have been relatively silent towards the West though active towards the East. First rise the Medes from the Northeast Mesopotamia and then rise the Persians. Their empire has entirety of Persia, Afghanistan and Sogdia, Parts of Indus Valley, Massive swatches of what is known as "Khwarazem". Their population consists of several Iranian peoples like Scythians, Sogdians, Bactrians, Khwarazemians, Persians, Medes and minority of non Iranian peoples like Hurrians, Urartians, Elamites, Gutians, Arameans/Assyrians, Caucasian Albanians, Gandharvas, Tocharians and traces of Finnic people towards the Northern borders. The empire tries to imitate the Anatolian-Mitanni Empire and manages to take over territories upto the Volga region. Though silent towards the West, the Anatolian-Mitanni is still wary.

Anatolian-Mitanni's expedition to the North: Imitating the Persians, who had in turn imitated the Anatolian-Mitanni's conquest, the Anatolian-Mitanni tries its hand at conquering the Northern regions and hence set out armies via Urartia into the North of the Caucasus, towards the Pontic Steppe. Since the Persians have already established their rule in the Volga Region, the Anatolian-Mitanni heads Northwest conquering and incorporating the regions around Rostov-on-Don. A fertile region, it is the home to the Caucasian people, Finnic people and people closely related to the Scythians. There are dramatic developments on both sides, as the Cold War rages on.

Mesopotamian Consolidation: Sensing hostilities on both sides, the Mesopotamian cities unite to form an Empire of their own, with the capital in Baghdad. A Neutral power, it isn't disturbing either power though occasional minor battles happen on the either borders. There are also some minor raids into the Desert southwards and also there have been raids from the Desert into the Mesopotamia. Damascus and Aleppo remain contested cities between the Assyrian Empire and the Anatolian-Mitanni and they have fairly good relations with the Persian Empire.

 

[Albrecht]

A Power in the Western Mediterranean: The Iberian-Celtic empire, started as a group of cities and villages of the Iberians(ancient Non Indo-European people of Iberia) and the Iberian Celts in what is OTL Andalusia, expands further into Iberia to the North, encompassing more than half of Iberia and South and East into North African coast of the Mediterranean, going up to the Western borders of Libya. This is the major power of the Western Mediterranean region. Rome which has expanded within the Italic Peninsula and into the Eastern Gaul and Noricum, is not yet a power that has confronted the Iberian-Celtic Empire and both enjoy a trading and occasional alliance relationship. The Iberian-Celtic Empire is famous among the Romans for getting exotic Eastern goods from the Anatolian-Mitanni, Egypt and Africa to the Romans. Expansion Northwards into Iberia continues soon reaching Gaul. The capital Metropolis at Cordoba is a city which is now larger than Rome. The Anatolian-Mitanni Empire is the reason for this dynamics in the Western Mediterranean after the Phoenicians were conquered by them.

The wise Greeks: Greeks are mostly trading oriented people who are natives of the land around the Aegean sea. They establish colonies in Egypt, Libya, Anatolia, Levant, Gaul, Italy and pockets of North Africa, paying tribute to the rulers of the respective lands and offering them trade deals and slave and demographic supply, in return. Forays into the North of Greece are limited with them establishing some settlements along the coast of Albania and into the Macedonia and Thrace. However, Greeks are never the masters and they are dependent of trade and alliance with the other kingdoms on the Mediterranean which are the Romans, Iberian-Celtic empire, Egypt and the Anatolian-Mitanni. The Greeks are famous for their wise thinkers and philosophers, works of whom are famous all across the Mediterranean.

The clash in the Gaul: Gaul is inhabited by the Celtic peoples, related to the Iberian-Celtic populations but a different branch of them and by the Germanic people at the edge of the forests in the East. Romans conquer the Cisalpine Gaul and the Noricum region establishing strong Roman rule there. The Iberian-Celtic empire conquers the regions towards the West. Gaul is a fertile land and is a crossroads in Europe and is a quite contested area. How will the Romans and the Iberian-Celtic empire clash for Gaul? What will be the end result? Find out in the next part.

 

[altwere]

Albrecht, nice Job.

 

[lou H]

watched :]