The Germans spent a lot of time and money perfecting rocket designs that had little effect on World War II. Despite this, the first ICBMs were not ready until 1957, and even then they were temperamental and took a long time to ready for launch.
How would the first years of the nuclear arms race look if rocketry was not a priority for Germany? Not only would ICBMs be set back years or decades, but even SAMs and air to air missiles had some German contributions. Would the atomic and hydrogen bombs remain large and bulky devices intended for multimegaton yields (lack of ICBMs making it hard to drop multiple bombs without the risk of aircraft fratricide)? Would the temptations to attack be even more high without missiles for SAMs and interceptors to cover a larger effective area? How would bomber development change, would strategic bombers of the 1960s and 1970s be atomic powered or supersonic to reduce their vulnerability to first strike and interceptors, respectively, or would they be subsonic jet aircraft like historically?