I agree with Wilhelm III. Moscow should be left alone for now and the target should be Leningrad and the rest of the Ukraine. Spend the winter months training the Ruthenian, Ukrainian, and Russian Liberation forces and then finish off the USSR in the next year with a combined assault with the Turks
Does Austria-Hungary have troops in the fight?
 
I agree with Wilhelm III. Moscow should be left alone for now and the target should be Leningrad and the rest of the Ukraine. Spend the winter months training the Ruthenian, Ukrainian, and Russian Liberation forces and then finish off the USSR in the next year with a combined assault with the Turks

Does Austria-Hungary have troops in the fight?
Yes that would most likely be the best idea.

Yes huge parts of the Ukrainian front are Aus-Hun forces in majority, north of them the Germans in the Baltic, north of that mostly Finnish and Ottomans i the south. ;D
 
Chapter 138: The Komyun Sakai
Chapter 138: The Komyun Sakai:
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With more Japanese settlers coming to the new states of the Co-Prosperity Sphere, he local societies and communes started to change, not just in the colonial cities. Outside of Japan in the Co-Prosperity Sphere a Japanese farmer could own up to ten or twenty times as much land as in Japan, because there was enough room. In Japan central Honshu housed 200, south Honshu 204, Kyushu 178, Shikoku 181 people. Northern Honshu housed still 96 people in he same area were only 62 lived in Chosen, 2 in south Manchukuo and 3 in North Manchukuo. This made Chosen and Manchuria ideal places for emigrates and the Japanese were sure that within a few decades his places would be as Japanese as the home islands. Together with schools and a changing society that tried to Japanese the natives the task seamed even more simple and the Japanese tested a new model for cities, farms and society in Chosen and Manchuria, before expanding it into the res of the Co-Prosperity Sphere. The new system was called Commune Society (Komyun Sakai) and was made up by village communities (instead of individual farmsteads) and neighborhood modeled after the Japanese and propagating new freedom, liberty, own land and household ownership as well as a community that worked together. The system worked with the new land reforms made by the Japanese that liberated the former peasants of the Asian agrarian communities and distributed all land more equal.

While Japanese settlers in this collective farms, neighborhoods and factories became the new landlords in this system as foreman, head-worker and administrators they held the land and properties of this new communes and acted as a local form of government and formed local cooperatives that provided for one another as autarkic as possible. All soil was divided equally by quality and distance from the center of the new Commune Society. Farmland and forests were divided in equal parts and each household could own a section depending on how many adults lived in it (with this rule the system tried to stimulate it's citizens to get more children and reward families with many children. Other resources like ore and coal were divided equally among the Commune Society between all adults. This allowed easier taxes, since everyone more or less had to pay the same mount and also encouraged the Commune Society to work together and to extract all the resources in it's Commune Society the best way possible for more income and a faster modernization as a reward. This system was social because it had to, it was feudal and very traditional in regards to how the Landlord divided the sections. It was the answer of Coprospism towards the revolutionary ideas and promises of Socialism and Communism and clearly created to battle both ideological believes inside the Co-Prosperity Sphere to win over the former peasants and workers for the new system and the states and nations it created. Each section was periodically re-allocated on the basis of the last census to ensure that the land was equally used. The state alone had the right and administration to do so, often using the Japanese settlers or it's majority or favored population to do so and spread their influence. It also ensured that this new Commune Societies payed their taxes and created a strong foundation for the newly formed nation states and their societies.

This way the Commune Societies helped to form the whole society in the ideals of Coprospism. It organized the individual as a part of a family, a family as a part of a clan and a clan as a part of a Commune Society (farm, village or neighborhood). The Commune Society itself was part of a bigger village or town and city and formed the overall society and social structure over this new system. The system focused on creating new alliances, communities and family ties between this groups all the way up to the new state they formed and the Co-Prosperity Sphere created by this national states. The government of this Commune Societies was made up partly by it's oldest (an therefore wisest) members as well those with the most experience and skill inside the Commune Society. Soon it's members saw each other as a extended family or clan with close ties and alliances, because they dependent heavily upon each other. Marriages an internal alliances in this groups became normal and together the government of this Commune Societies organized and governed the land. The families came together to form a community that depended on making taxes more equitable and the concept of mutual help.

The economic relations so established are essentially distributive: through various categories of exchanges of both products and labor, temporary imbalances such as those occasioned by insufficient labor power of a newly-established family unit or a catastrophic loss, which places one unit at an unfair reproductive disadvantage in relation to its allies, are evened out. In addition the Commune Society system had residual communal rights, sharing exchanges during shortages as well as certain distributive exchanges. Furthermore the structure defined by these alliances and risk-sharing measures were regulated by scheduling and the ritualization of time. The government of the Commune Society even watched over all the households of their group. Out from the government of the Commune Societies a Chief/ Headman/Principal (Heddo) elected who spoke on behalf of the Commune Society with the higher ranking government authorities and was responsible for the collection of taxes together with the government assembly of the most skilled or oldest/wisest members that served as his advisers. The system also granted no only own land and possession o each adult, but guaranteed that this goods of the section (like houses and these tools needed to use the section, by farming, mining or forestry) could never be taken from any adult individual that was part of such a Commune Society and a law abiding citizen. Farms were changed mostly by the new system coming from Japan, where irrigation canals had fish in them as a additional source for food and as a natural organic fertilizer. They also brought the common technique with them to flood grain fields half a year with water and use them as rice farms, giving them a much higher rate of usage and fertility by doing so.
 
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Chapter 139: Latin Block (Blocco Latino, Bloc Latin, Bloque Latino, Bloco Latino)
Chapter 139: Latin Block (Blocco Latino, Bloc Latin, Bloque Latino, Bloco Latino):
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Francisco (centre) and Serrano Súñer (left) meeting with Mussolini (right) in Bordighera, Italy in 1941. At Bordighera, Franco and Mussolini discussed the creation of a Latin Bloc in theory for the first time in person.

The Latin Bloc (Italian: Blocco Latino, French: Bloc Latin, Spanish: Bloque Latino, Portuguese: Bloco Latino) was a proposal for an alliance made the 1920s to the 1940s that began with Italy's Duce Benito Mussolini proposing such a bloc in 1927 between Italy, France, Spain and Portugal, that would be an alliance based upon common Latin civilization and culture. The proposal was publicly discussed between the governments of Italy, Spain, and France, during the Second Great War and saw it's conclusion with the creation of the Latin Block in 1941.

It all began in the 1930s, when French Prime Minister Pierre Laval aongside French conservatives expressed support for a Latin Bloc with Italy and Spain. During the Second Great War the proposal was discussed between Mussolini, Spain's Caudillo Franciso Franco, and Fascist France's Philippe Petain on Behalf of King Napoleon. The planned bloc would have united Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, and even the Vatican City together as a bloc alliance based upon unity of the Latin culture European states that would be within the Axis Central Powers that was designed to balance the power between them and the major German speaking members Germany and Austria-Hungary in the Axis Central Powers by combining together. The main effort was to create a "Rome-Madrid axis", Franco took a major role in promoting the proposal, and Franco with Fascist French leader Petain in Montpellier, France in 1940 to discuss the proposal, and Franco met with Mussolini in Bordighera, Italy in 1941 to discuss it. The Germany Empire supported the proposal for the Latin Bloc during the Second Great War and German propaganda assisted Italian propaganda in promoting the bloc. Germany's Emperor Wilhelm II and later Wilhelm III promoted the Latin Bloc and in October 1940, traveled to Hendaye, France on the border with Spain to meet Franco in which he promoted Spain forming a Latin bloc with Italy and Fascist France to join Italy's fight against Britain in the Mediterranean region. While the French Kingdom openly joined the Axis Central Powers in their fight against the Allies, the taking of Corsica and Tunis by Italy and Morocco by Spain prevented them from getting into the Latin Block right away.

The Latin Block as a proposed alliance between European Latin countries during the Second Great War still formed thanks to massive German, Italian and Spanish support. This project was proposed to Italy by Romanian politician Mihai Antonescu, who served as Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister during the Second Great War. The alliance then formed as the Latin Block included Romany, Italy, Fascist France, Spain and even intended to include Portugal later on in some way or another. As a consolidated bloc in a region outside of German Central Europe, he hoped that they might become a significant counterweight to the German Empire and Austria-Hungary. Mihai was unable to secure Italian, Spanish and German support, heavily support by Benito Mussolini himself.

The start of the Spanish intervention in the Second Great War on sides of he Axis Cental Powers was of concern to the United States, which investigated the activities of Spain's ruling Falange party in Latin America, especially Puerto Rico, where pro-Falange and pro-Franco sentiment was high, even amongst the ruling upper classes. The Falangists promoted the idea of supporting Spain's former colonies in fighting against American domination. Prior to the outbreak of war in 1939, support for Franco and the Falange was high in the Philippines. The Falange Exterior, the international department of the Falange, later collaborated with Japanese forces against U.S. and Filipino forces in the Philippines through the Philippine Falange.

With it's formation the Latin (and Catholic) Block created a counterweight to the so called German (and Protestant) Block inside the Central Axis Powers, that included the German Empire, the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, the United Baltic Duchy, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway, the Kingdom of Sweden as well as their puppets and protectorates, like the Kingdom of Poland, the Kingdom of White Ruthenia, the Kingdom of Ukrainia, the Kingdom of Finland, the Tsardom of Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Greece. Later the Christian Orthodox and/or Slavic Axis Central Powers members of the Kingdom of Poland, the Kingdom of White Ruthenia, the Kingdom of Ukrainia, the Tsardom of Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Greece would create their own so called Slavic Block inside the Axis Central Powers under the Tsardom of the Russia Empire that was in it's majority Slavic and Christian Orthodox as a second sub-faction within the Axis Central Powers.
 
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Chapter 140: Xibei San Ma (the Three Mas of the Northwest) and the Promise of Huikoku
Chapter 140: Xibei San Ma (the Three Mas of the Northwest) and the Promise of Huikoku:
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The Ma clique or Ma family warlords was a collective name for a group of Hui (Muslim Chinese) warlords in Northwestern China who ruled the Chinese provinces of Quinghai, Gansu and Ningxia for 10 years from 1919 until 1928. Following the overthrow of the Qing dynasty in 1911, the region came under Chinese Muslim warlord Ma Qi's control until the Northern Expedition by the Republic of China consolidated central control in 1928. There were three families in the Ma clique ("Ma" being a common Hui rendering of the common Mohammedan/Muhammadan name "Muhammad"), each of them respectively controlled 3 areas, Kansu (Gansu), Tsinghai (Quinghai) and Ningxia. The three most prominent members of the clique were Ma Bufand, Ma Hongkui and Ma Hongbin, collectively known as the Xibei San Ma (Chinese: 西北三马, Three Mas of the Northwest). Some contemporary accounts, described the clique as the "Four Ma" (rather than Three), adding Ma Bufang's brother Ma Buqing to the list of the top warlords. Other prominent Mas included Ma Anliang, Ma Qi, Ma Lin, Ma Hu-shan and Ma Zhongying.

The Ma Clique warlords were all Generals in the military of the Republic of China, who controlled all of Mainland China during their authonomy. The clique was begun by Muslim generals who served in the military of the Qing dynasty, most notably in the Kansu Braves army, who fought in the Boxer Rebellion against invading foreign forces. It was continued by two generations of their descendants. After the Xianhai Revolution overthrew the Qing, the Ma Clique Generals declared their allegiance to the Republic of China. Unlike the Mongols and Tibetans, the Muslims refused to secede from the Republic, and Ma Qi quickly used his diplomatic and military powers to make the Tibetan and Mongol nobles recognize the Republic of China government as their overlord, and sent a message to President Yuan Shikai reaffirming that Tsinghai (Qingahi) was securely in the Republic. He replaced "Long, Long, Long, Live the reigning Emperor", with "Long live the Republic of China" on inscriptions. Ma Anliang also agreed to join the new Republic of China government.

When the Kuomintang seized power in the Northern Expedition, the Ma Clique warlords became members of the Kuomintang party, and their armies were renamed as divisions of the National Revolutionary Army. The Ma Clique Ninghai under General Ma Qi was renamed the National Revolutionary Army 26th Division. Ma Zhonhying led the KMT 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army) to fight against the pro-Soviet governor of Xinjiang, Jin Shuren during the Kumul Rebellion, and the Soviets themselves during the Soviet Invasion of Xingjiang. The 36th Division also crushed the First East Turkestan Republic at the Battle of Kashgar (1934). In the Sino-Tibetan War, Ma Clique forces led by Ma Bufang defeated the Tibetan Army. Also during the Kuomintang Pacification of Qinghai Ma Bufang waged war against Tibetan tribes in Qinghai to bring them under his control.

During the Chinese Civil War, Ma Clique forces fought against the Army of Wang Jingewei, Ma Hongbin led his 81st corps to defeat the Wang Kuomintang National Army at the Battle of Wuyuan. Ma Bufang sent Ma Biao to attack the forces of the Shanghai Government under Wang. 40 years before, Ma Biao had fought in the Boxer Rebellion against the Eight Nation Alliance. Ma Bufang was ordered by the Kuomintang to invade Siniang (Xingjiang) in the 1940s to intimidate and help oust the forces of the pro Soviet Governor Sheng Shicai. The Ma Clique forces also clashed with the forces of the Second East Turkestan Republic during the Ili Rebellion.

The Three Families of the Ma Clique:
  • The first family was headed by Ma Zhanao. He had 2 sons, Ma Anliang, and Ma Guoliang, both of whom became Qing generals. Ma Anliang later became a general in the Republic of China. Ma Anliang had 5 sons, 3 were unknown. The other 2 were Ma Tingran and Ma Tingxian, who was executed in 1962 by the Peoples Court.
  • The second family was headed by Ma Qianling. Ma Hongbin and Ma Hongkui were cousins. Their respective fathers, Ma Fulu (马福绿) (1854–1900) and Ma Fuxiang (马福祥) (1876–1932) came from Yangzhushan (阳注山) village in Hanji Town, and were half-brothers. Ma Fulu and Ma Fuxiang's father Ma Qianling, originally a small merchant and farmer from Hezhou, had been an associate of Ma Zhan'ao – the ruler of Hezhou region during the Great Mohammedan Rebellion of the 1860s – and went over to the QIng government's side in 1872 along with Ma Zhan'ao himself; rewarded by the government and successful in his business, he had four sons with his three wives. Ma Zhanao was the father of another 2 Ma clique warlords, Ma Anliang and Ma Guoliang. Ma Qianling also had several nephews who died along with Ma Fulu in the Boxer Rebellion.
  • Ma Haiyan started the third family. He had two sons, Ma Qi, and Ma Lin. Ma Qi had 2 sons, Ma Buqing and Ma Bufang, originally from Monigou Township (漠泥沟乡) in Linxia Country. Their father, Ma Qi (1869–1931), was based in Xining, controlling the Tsinghai Province. Ma Zhongying was Ma Qi's nephew, and thus a cousin of Ma Buqing and Ma Bufang. Ma Hushan was also a member of this family. This family controlled the Tsinghai (Qinghai) province. One Generation of this family had the same Generation name, 步 (Bù), Ma Bufang, Ma Buqing, Ma Bukang, Ma Buluan, and Ma Zhongying (whose original name was Ma Buying) all had the Bu character in their names and were of the same generation, all being grandsons of Ma Haiyan.
The Ma clique traces its origins to the officers of Qing dynasty General Dong Fuxiang. General Ma Anliang was the de facto leader of the Muslims of northwest China. The Three (or Five) Ma took control of the region during the Warlord Era, siding first with the Guominjun and then the Kuomintang; they fought against the Red Army during the Long March and the government of Wang Jingwei during the Chinese Civil War. The Ma Clique controlled vast amounts of land in the northwest, included Xining and Hezhou. Later the Qing dynasty had granted Ma Bufang's family a yellow standard which had his family name "Ma" on it. Ma Bufang continued to use this standard in battle. Ma Bufang recruited many Salar officers from Xunhua County into his army like Han Yimu and General Han Youwen. During the Chinese Civil War, Ma clique Mohammedan soldiers in Gansu, Qinghai, and Ningxia numbered 31,000. They sided with Chiang Kai-Sheck and the United Front against Wang Jingwei' Shanghai and later Nanjing government and Co-Prosperity Sphere state at first. But with the alliance between Chiang's Kuomintang and the Chinese Communists under Mao came the great divide between the Ma Clique and the rest of the United Front. The Communist in their atheist world view and overall behavior towards the Ma and Hui soon became unloved and unwanted allies. The tension grew so far, that the National Revolutionary Army 26th Division under General Ma Qi defected towards the Mengjiang Khanate under Khan Demchugdongrub and ally with the Co-Prosperity Sphere to get rid of the growing influence of Mao and his communists inside the United Front and their bad manners and behavior towards the Hui and the Ma Clique in general.

While Khan Demchugdongrub of the Mengjiang Khanate in general saw the region of the Ma Clique and far western even East Turkestan as generally rightful Mengjiang (Mongolian) lands since the time of Genghis Khan and hated the Turk-mongols for betraying their heritage and ancestors by choosing the new Mohammedan faith before the old ways he was open for them to join him for now since the Gobi Desert War as part of the Khalkha Campaign (War of Reunification) did not go at all has planned and in his favor. Focusing his ambitions from reunited Inner Mongolia under his rule away from Outer Mongolia for a moment towards the Ma Clique he saw a opportunity to gain more land and glory in the south. He tried to convince more members of the Ma Clique to join his side and that of the Co-Prosperity Sphere with the intent to gain more former Mongol territory towards the west and south. By doing so he could cut off the remaining supplies for the United Front coming from the Soviet Union and become a major player inside the Co-Prosperity Sphere himself. The Japanese while interested in bringing the Chinese United Front down, knew that the Co-Prosperity Sphere member states of Mengjiang and Tibet claimed large amounts of Ma Clique territory because of ethnic tribes, culture, religion or history of these regions and were therefore rightly concerned about the stability and relations of a possible Hui member state and nation of the Co-Prosperity Sphere with it's neighbors. These concerns were even worse when Ma Clique forces led by Ma Bufang clashed with Tibetan Empire border patrols in the Chinese plains and mountains of Northwestern China. Some ideologists and planners of the Co-Prosperity Sphere even argued that a Huikoku Empire could rival Mengjiang and Tibet too much and had before shown to be too loyal to Chiang, while others feared that such a state would be too poorly populated, had too few resources and would overall be unfit as a self-sustaining member state able to defend itself against Communist rebels and Soviet pressure. Still Japanese and Co-Prosperity propaganda picked up the idea of a independent Huikoku and proclaimed that Hui and Communists could not work together, just like Allah and Shaitan were never be able to work together because they were pure opposites. While the idea was halfheartedly by the Co-Prosperity Sphere, some members of the Ma Clique openly and hopefully accepted it, starting to oppose the Chinese United Front either directly, or indirectly as saboteurs and spies for the Co-Prosperity Sphere and a future Huikoku.
 
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Chapter 141: The New Roman Senate
Chapter 141: The New Roman Senate:
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Inside the capital of Rome, the new Roman Empire was lead by the Roman Senate (also called the new Roman Senate). Here Consul and Senator Benito Mussolini had a hard time to reunite the factions of the Senate under one goal ever since the Cesar had re-allowed a more democratic Senate not only ruled by Fascist Party like before. The Fascist Royalists of the Italian Empire had split into some more ideological groups when the nation started to transform into the Roman Empire under Cesar Victor Emanuel III. These new factions were:

The National Syndicalists:
Following the ideals of the dead revolutionary syndicalist leader Michele Bianchi, these Fascist Royalists dreamed of a state that would control and guide every aspect of it's citizens life and use the syndicalist cooperate confederations (Centurio Comites) to be the first true democracy in their eyes since ancient Roman and Greek times. They also had close ties with the Roman Catholic fascist supporters and were close to clerical fascists groups and ideas.

The Roman Integralists:
Intending to defend social indifference and hierarchy with the co-operation between social classes in a new nation that would be more like a organic unity, the Roman Integralists hoped to transcend the conflict between social and economic groups with another approach then direct revolution. It advocated trade unionism (or a new guild system), corporatism, and organic political representation instead of ideological forms of representation. They claimed that the best political institutions for given nations will differ depending on the history, culture and climate of the nation's habitat. Within the context of blood and soil conservatism, it posits the nation or the Roman state or the Roman Nation State as an end and a moral good, rather than a means.

The Latin Falangists:
Inspired by Pan-Latinism and Benito Mussolini's dream of the New Roman Empire these Romans kept close ties with the Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (known simply as the "Falange"). Falangism under the leadership of Francisco Franco, many of the radical elements of Falangism considered to be fascist became an authoritarian, conservative ideology connected with Francoist Spain. The Falangist Latins hoped they could unite all of the Latin Block into the New Roman Empire in their dream to become the strongest, most powerful member of the Axis Central Powers.

The Clerical Fascists:
Another major faction were the Clerical fascism (also clero-fascism or clerico-fascism), Roman Catholics with their ideology that combined the political and economic doctrines of fascism with clericalism. They combined religious elements with fascism, support by religious organizations for fascism, or fascist regimes in which clergy play a leading role.

The Legionarists:
While in name close to the Romanian Iron Guard Legionnaires, the Roman Legionarists dreamed of recreating the New Roman Empire to it's fullest. That meant that this small faction of the Senate dreamed to recreate more of the Old Roman Empire and it's society and believes. They saw the Centurio Comites just as a beginning of this renewal and dreamed of reinventing and reestablishing more of the Old Roman Society to truly recreate the Roman Empire. Some of their social and ideological ideas were quiet extreme, even compared to other forms of Fascist Royalistm.
 
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Italy is basically "Yo dawg, so I heard you like far-right parties". :biggrin:
The other Axis Central Power states have different internal factions of their own, even if they all would label themselves as one specific Fascist Royalists/National Monarchist faction in their own state and not like the sub-movements inside it. But we will learn more about them later on as well as about different forms of Coprospism.
 
Chapter 142: Wang Jingwei's new China
Chapter 142: Wang Jingwei's new China:
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In his Presidential Palace in Nanjing Wang Jingwei discussed the path the new Chinese nation under him should go as a member of the Co-Prosperity Sphere. As the head of state of the Republic of China/ Hankoku and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China National Armed Forces/ Han Chinese Armed Forces his word had heavy weight in all major decisions.

“There is some resistance against our land reforms, by the former great land owners, but most of our land tax reform is welcomed by the peasants and other poor locals.” declared Zhou Fohai, the Vice President and Finance Minister in the Executive Yuan that the majority of over 80% of the population was in favor of the new Coprospist government. That the new government dividing the property of major landowners into small holdings, and allocating them to local peasants was similar to what the Communist did in the regions they controlled and highly popular. Despite this many believed that Wang was right not to side with the Communists as a outside idea and that his reforms and work in Sun Yat Sen's spirit showed that he wished to get things done and not only promise them like Chiang.

“This is good to hear, the support of the people is what we need to modernist, industrialize and urbanize our great Nation. The oldest Civilization on earth can not stand behind when the rest of the Major Nations and the Co-Prosperity Sphere is taking big steps into the future.” declared Wang Jingwei proud that some things were working in his favor, not like the stalemate within the Chinese Civil War against the United Front of Chiang and Mao.

“The creation of rural schools will also help us to literate and educate a huge part of the population that was before unable to get this kind of support and knowledge beside what their families could teach them.” said Jiang Kanghu, the Chief of the Education Yuan proud of their recent work and future plans to create a new, a bigger and better China.

“Yes, only with open minds and as much knowledge as the rest of the world, we will be able to step forward.” smiled Wang believing to the success of this project once it would reach every corner of Hankoku.

“The question is how to pay for all that?” asked Bao Wenyue, the Minister of Military Affairs, concerned about the defense budget.

“Mr. Bao is right, our forces need money, supplies and weapons to finally beat the United Front. And our navy needs new ships to secure the trade on our rivers and coasts against bandits, rebels and pirates.” demanded the Naval Minister Ren Yuandao, wishing to get more money for his part of the military and hoped to expand the navy until it one day would be big enough to stand proud beside that of other Co-Prosperity Sphere members, even that of the Empire of Japan.

“I know that our forces need the money, as well as the armies of the Co-Prosperity Sphere fighting and dying alongside us, but so do our people.” declared Wang Jingwei serious. “Our plan to finally create free hospitals for everyone in this great nation, to provide medical services with vaccination against cholera, typhus, varicella and other diseases as well as treating them is more important then ever since the Civil War stated.” demanded the Coprospist National Chinese President.

“The President is right and let's not forget Wang's favorite projects, the Refugee Relieve Agency and the Unemployment Assistance to provide safe homes and jobs for every citizen of our great nation.” agreed Chen Gongbo, the President of the Legislative Yuan and Mayor of the Shanghai sector with the President and Head of State Wang Jingwei.

“Luckily we can kill two birds with one stone here.” smiled Yang Kuiyi, the Chief of General Staff. He knew that besides the resources going to the other members of the Co-Prosperity Sphere for their help in the Chinese Civil War, their forces with the help of local labor helped to build new roads, railroads and airbases to support the army supply lines. “The Co-Prosperity Sphere Armies and local workers are creating a whole network of roads and railroads unseen in Chinese history.” This infrastructure knew Yang Kuiyi would also benefit their trade with the rest of the Co-Prosperity Sphere and the world and greatly improve their modernization efforts. Together with the dispersal of candy, food and toys to children to win them over and the dropping leaflets from aeroplanes, offering rewards for information or handing over of weapons and surrendering of local rebels and bandits to become law abiding citizens again, their campaign slowly seamed to reach the people and pacify the countryside not only relying on military police and armed troops alone.

“Still we need to put more resources into our mining and farming operations to have more spare resources for the infrastructure, education and own industrialization soon, to not rely too much on Japanese foreign investors and foreign aid.” hoped Wang Jingwei, knowing that such foreign support was helpful for sure but feared it would put his Republic of China/Hankoku soon in a dependency like the European Powers did during the Century of Humiliation.
 
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An interesting Italy-edging towards a sort of right wing democracy.
Some members of the Axis Central Powers and Co-Prosperity Sphere will be partly democratic even with a referendum and such stuff, I wanted to show how much both ideologies can adapt to their surroundings in some form or another while still staying similar to the rest of their idology (just like the different parts of OTL Fascists and Communist did to a extent depending on the nation they ruled over).
 
Chapter 143: The Quingdao Conspiracy
Chapter 143: The Quingdao Conspiracy:
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While some in Yankoku/Yankokuo supported Father Yan Xishan (or Yen His-shan) and his new state together with Coprospism and the Co-Prosperity Sphere, others, mainly some Han Chinese found the idea that they were suddenly ancestors of the former Yan and another ethnic group quiet crazy to say the least. Some of this resistance even formed around the Imperial Yankoku Army and Navy, coming directly from the Imperial Yankoku Military Academy in Beijing or the Imperial Yankoku Naval Academy in Weiheiwai. Some of them even believed that ideas and parts of the new sate, like the Yankokuo Diet and the Yankokuo Imperial Ruling Council were in general good ideas, but they preferred to be either part of the greater Republic of China/ Hankokuo, or independent provinces altogether, like the conspiring Shantung Clique that dreamed of a independent Shantung State. Luckily for Father Yan, the majority of his citizens believed that he was a just and fair ruler even before he joined the Japanese and the Co-Prosperity Sphere and that they were better off as a independent Empire of Yankoku. So the former Chinese Warlord had massive support from the Japanese Army, Navy and Intelligence to fight any insurrection and rebellious movement or conspiracy. While some of these traitors got the death penalty for their treason, Father Yan preferred to end them to reeducation camps so that they could learn to love and serve the new state again.


“Gentleman it is my honor to have you all supporting our great cause.” smiled Zhou Jen proud that so many important factions had gathered here in this small house in Quingdao. Yao Chu, Tsi-Gao Tong and Yujé Wu from the Shantung (Shandong) Clique, Ho-Wu Dao and Hia Suo from the Hopeh (Hebei) Clique, Tsuji Tang and Py-To Chao from the Shansi (Shanxi) Clique, Ju Lin, Zhou Han-ji and Hon Tse Sun from the Han Society as well as Ma Beilang from the Yellow Turbans, a Hui Chinese group had come together to support each other against Father Yan and his state of Yankoku.

“It is important for us to stay together, since most of the Han, Manchu and Japanese stand behind Yan and his state.” declared Ho-Wu Dao.

“That's why it is good that at least the majority of the Hui and at least parts of the Han people would support our goals.” knew Yao Chu, lucki that this round of fellow people had meet here to support their common goal to get rid of Yan and his nation. But while they worked together, their goals were not totally the same, while the three Cliques dreamed of independent Shantung, Hopeh and Shansi States, the Han Society hoped to become a part of the Republic of China again (some favored Wang Jingwei, other Chiang Kai-shek) while the Yellow Turbans wished to become independent Hui regions or at least autonome provinces inside some of this new provinces, regions and states.

“It is important that we get parts of the Yankoku Army and Navy under our control, by placing officers and commanders loyal to our cause in charge of the troops here in Quingdao, Weiheiwai or Taku.” demanded Tsi-Gao Tong, fearing that otherwise the military would stand behind Father Yan and prevent their planned coup.

“And I assure you that we will support you with weapons and supplies, as long as you keep your part of the deal.” declared Heinz-Johan Flautmann, the German ambassador of the Deutsche Allgemeine Ostasien-Gesellschaft (AOG) (German East Asian Company) that was ready to support the conspiracy, as long as the German Empire would get the best trade deals after the coup from the nations and states emerging from Yangkokuo to get a foothold on the northeast Chinese market.

Discussing the details of their plan, neither of the conspirators suspected what was about to happen, when suddenly a huge explosion blew them and the house up they were gathering inside, killing the heads of the conspiracy in one single blow. For month now Father Yan and his intelligence together with the Japanese one had gathered information, payed informants and the conspiring groups to get to know who was involved in the planned coup. While most would be arrested and send to reeducation and labor camps, Yan demanded that the heads of the conspiracy would be killed immediately. Because of this order the Imperial Yankokuo Navy had secretly stored ammunition's inside the basement and sewers below the hideout of the conspiring groups. Now when they and their leadership and highest ranking officers had finally gathered they had detonated the explosives to kill them all in one blow. While the death of Heinz-Johan Flautmann was a delicate matter for the relations of the German East Asian Company, the German Empire and Yankokuo and the Co-Prosperity Sphere, the Imperial Yankokuo Navy apologized that one of their ammunition depots in Tsingtao had blown up and killed the ambassador together with a few other civilians and nearby citizens living in the surrounding houses.
 
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I originally hoped to use HOI4 to help visualise TTL, sadly this will not happen since every time I load my savegame the game manages to readjust all of my army groups and generals across all of asia (giving Manchu border troops the order to garrison indochina, while giving Siamese troops the order to garrison the mongolian border) and I don't know why :oops: .... I have absolutely no intention to recreate all army groups, their commands and orders as well as rename each and everyone whenever I load again, so we will have most likely a regulair TL here with regular maps and written battles - sadly.:'(
 
Chapter 144: The Mengjiang-Manchukuo Population Exchange:
Chapter 144: The Mengjiang-Manchukuo Population Exchange:
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The so called Mengjiang-Manchukuo Population Exchange was a result of the border conflicts between both Japanese puppet states. While the Japanese Empire mediated the new border between both nations, it did not resolve the ethnic regions where the people lived and that caused the dispute in the first place. From the overall 50,238,000 citizens of the Manchukuo state, 96% were ethnically Manchu, or Han-Chinese (combined together in the official Manchurian population) up to 590,760 were Japanese (2%), 680,000 Koreans (2%), and only 98,431 (<1%) of other nationality, mostly Koreans, White Russians, Oroqen or others. Mengjin/ Meng (Mongols) from the Norther, Western, Southern and Eastern Xing'an and Rehe provinces of Manchuria and Han-Chinese (“Manchu”) and other non-mongol minorities from all over Mengjiang were exchanged against each another. This was intending to give both the Empire of Manchukuo and the Mengjiang Khanate a brighter population of what they considered their core ethnic as well as to easy and erase any left over border conflict based on ethnic residency of these groups within both states.
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Chapter 145: The Co-Prosperity Sphere Advances – Part1: Japanese/Thai Malayan Campaign
Chapter 145: The Co-Prosperity Sphere Advances – Part1: Japanese/Thai Malayan Campaign:
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Japanese Military Affairs Bureau Unit 82 (F Kikan) was formed in 1939 or 1940 and based in Taiwan to bring this about. In its final planning stages, the unit was under Colonel Yoshihide Hayashi. Intelligence on Malaya was gathered through a network of agents which included Japanese embassy staff; disaffected Malayans (particularly members of the Japanese established Tortoise Society); and Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese business people and tourists. Japanese spies, which included a British intelligence officer, Captain Patrick Stanley Vaughan Henan and Lord Sempill also provided intelligence and assistance. Heenan's intelligence enabled the Japanese to destroy much of the Allied air forces on the ground. Prior to hostilities Japanese intelligence officers like Iwaichi Fujiwara had established covert intelligence offices (or Kikans) that linked up with the Malay and Indian pro-independence organizations such as Kesatuan Melayu Muda in Malaya and the Indian Independence League. The Japanese gave these movements financial support in return for their members providing intelligence and later assistance in determining Allied troop movements, strengths, and dispositions prior to the invasion. By 1941 the Co-Prosperity Sphere had been engaged for four years in trying to win the Chinese Civil War for Wang Jingwei. They were heavily reliant on imported materials for their military forces, particularly oil from the United States. From 1940 to 1941, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands imposed embargoes on supplying oil and war materials to Japan and the Co-Prosperity Sphere. The object of the embargoes was to assist the Chinese and encourage the members of the Co-Prosperity Sphere to halt military action in China. The Japanese and other members of the Co-Prosperity Sphere considered that pulling out of China would result in a loss of face and decided instead to take military action against US, British and Dutch territories in South East Asia. The Japanese forces for the invasion were assembled in 1941 on Hainan Island and in French Indochina, Siamese/Thai forces were assembled in Siam itself and divisions from Cambodia, Vietnam an Yikokuo participated together with local rebels and freedom fighters of Malaysia (together 160,000 attacking forces against 140,000 allied defenders). The troop build-up in Indochina, Siam and Hainan was noticed by the Allies and, when asked, the Japanese advised that it related to its operations in China.
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The Malayan Campaign began when the 25th Army, under the command of Lieutenant General Tomoyuki Yamashita, invaded Malaya on 16 November 1941. Japanese troops launched an amphibious assault on the northern coast of Malaya at Kota Bharu, supported from the 1st Siamese/Thai Army at Pattani and Songkhla that crossed the border and started advancing down the eastern coast of Malaya an the western portion of Malaya. From port and air bases in Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand the Co-Prosperity Sphere armies, navies and air forces supported their landings and invasion. At 04:00 23 JNAF bombers attacked Singapore, the first ever air raid on the colony. It became evident to the British that Japanese bombers based in Indochina were now in range of Singapore. The Co-Prosperity Sphere forces were initially resisted by III Corps of the Indian Army and several British Army battalions. The Japanese quickly isolated individual Indian units defending the coastline, before concentrating their forces to surround the defenders and force their surrender. The Co-Prosperity Sphere forces held a slight advantage of 2:1 in numbers on the ground in northern Malaya, and were significantly superior in close air support, armour, co-ordination, tactics, and experience, with the Co-Prosperity Sphere units having fought in the Chinese Civil War. The Allies had no tanks, which had put them at a severe disadvantage. The Japanese also used bicycle infantry and light tanks, which allowed swift movement of their forces overland through terrain covered with thick tropical rainforest, albeit criss-crossed by native paths. Although the Japanese had not brought bicycles with them (in order to speed the disembarkation process), they knew from their intelligence that suitable machines were plentiful in Malaya and quickly confiscated what they needed from civilians and retailers. A replacement for Operation Matador, named Operation Krohcol, was implemented on 17 November, but the Indian troops were easily defeated by the Royal Thai Police, the 1st Siam/Thai Army and the Japanese 5th Division coming from Pattani Province, Thailand. The powerful Japanese air forces in Indochina secured the Sea, leaving the east coast of Malaya exposed and allowing the Japanese to continue their landings across Malaya unchallenged.
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The defeat of Allied troops at the Battle of Jitra by Japanese forces, supported by tanks moving south from Thailand on 20 November 1941 and the rapid advance of the Japanese inland from their Kota Bharu beachhead on the north-east coast of Malaya overwhelmed the northern defences. Without any real naval presence, the British were unable to challenge Japanese naval operations off the Malayan coast, which proved invaluable to the invaders. With virtually no remaining Allied planes, the Japanese also had mastery of the skies, leaving the Allied ground troops and civilian population exposed to air attack. The Malayan island of Penang was bombed daily by the Japanese from 18 November and abandoned on 27 November. Arms, boats, supplies and a working radio station were left in haste to the Japanese. The evacuation of Europeans from Penang, with local inhabitants being left to the mercy of the Japanese, caused much embarrassment for the British and alienated them from the local population. Historians later judged that "the moral collapse and end of British rule in Southeast Asia came not at Singapore, but at Penang". However, many who were present during the evacuation did not experience it as a scramble. It was a response to an order from British High Command which had come to the conclusion that Penang should be abandoned as it had no tactical or strategic value in the rapidly changing military scheme of things at that time.
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On 12 December, Major-General David Murray-Lyon of the Indian 11th Infantry Division was removed from command to little effect. By the middle of December, the entire northern region of Malaya had been lost to the Japanese. The Empie of Thailand a member of the Co-Prosperity Spher and ally of Imperial Japan, quickly resume sovereignty over the conquered sultanates in Malaya, thus consolidating their occupation. It did not take long for the Japanese and Thai army's next objective, the city of Kuala Lumpur, to fall. The Co-Prosperity Sphere army entered and occupied the city unopposed on 21 December. Singapore Island was now less than 200 mi (320 km) away for the invading Japanese and Thai army. The 11th Indian Division managed to delay the Japanese/Thai advance at Kampar for a few days, in which the Japanese/Thai suffered severe casualties in terrain that did not allow them to use their tanks or their air superiority to defeat the British. The 11th Indian Division was forced to retreat when the Japanese landed troops by sea south of the Kampar position. The British retreated to prepared positions at Slim River. At the Battle of Slim River, in which two Indian brigades were practically annihilated, the Japanese used surprise and tanks to devastating effect in a risky night attack. The success of this attack forced Percival into replacing the 11th Indian Division with the 8th Australian Division.
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By mid-December, the Japanese/Thai had reached the southern Malayan state of Jahore where, on 21th December, they encountered troops from the Australian 8th Division, commanded by Mayor-General Gordon Benett, for the first time in the campaign. During engagements with the Australians, the Japanese/Thai experienced their first major tactical setback, due to the stubborn resistance put up by the Australians at Gemas. The battle (centered around the Gemencheh Bridge) proved costly for the Japanese/Thai, who suffered up to 860 casualties. However, the bridge itself (which had been demolished during the fighting) was repaired within six hours. As the Japanese/Thai attempted to outflank the Australians to the west of Gemas, one of the bloodiest battles of the campaign began on 25th December on the peninsula's West coast near the Muar Riverr. Bennett allocated the 45th Indian Brigade (a new and half-trained formation) to defend the river's South bank but the unit was outflanked by Japanese units landing from the sea and the Brigade was effectively destroyed with its commander, Brigadier H. C. DUncan, and all three of his battalion commanders killed. Two Australian infantry battalions (which had been sent to support the 45th Brigade) were also outflanked and their retreat cut off, with one of the Australian battalion commanders killed in the fighting around the town of Bakri, south-east of Muar. During the fighting at Bakri Australian anti-tank gunners had destroyed nine Japanese tanks, slowing the Japanese advance long enough for the surviving elements of the five battalions to attempt an escape from the Muar area.
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Led by Australian Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Andson, the surviving Indian and Australian troops formed the "Muar Force" and fought a desperate four-day withdrawal, allowing remnants of the Commonwealth troops withdrawing from northern Malaya to avoid being cut off and to push past the Japanese/Thai to safety. When the Muar Force reached the bridge at Parit Sulong and found it to be firmly in enemy hands, Anderson, with mounting numbers of dead and wounded, ordered "every man for himself". Those that could took to the jungles, swamps and rubber plantations in search of their division headquarters at Yong Peng. The wounded were left to the mercy of the Japanese/Thai and all but two out of 135 were tortured and killed in the Parit Sulong Masacre. Anderson was awarded a Victoria Cross for his fighting withdrawal. The Battle of Muar cost the allies an estimated 3,000 casualties including one brigadier and four battalion commanders. On 26 December, further Japanese landings took place at Endau, in spite of an air attack by Vildebeest bombers. The final Commonwealth defensive line in Johore of Batu Pahat-Kluang-Mersing was now being attacked along its full length. Unfortunately, Percival had resisted the construction of fixed defences in Johore, as on the North shore of Singapore, dismissing them in the face of repeated requests to start construction from his Chief Engineer, Brigadier Ivan Simson with the comment "Defences are bad for morale." On 28 December, Percival received permission from the commander of the American-British-Dutch-Australian Comand, to order a retreat across the Johore Stait to the island of Singapore.

On 30 December, the last organized Allied forces left Malaya, and Allied engineers blew a 70 ft (21 m)-wide hole in the causeway that linked Johore and Singapore; a few stragglers would wade across over the next few days. Japanese raiders and infiltrators, often disguised as Singaporean civilians, began to cross the Straits of Johor in inflatable boats soon afterwards. In less than two months, the Battle for Malaya had ended in comprehensive defeat for the Commonwealth forces and their retreat from the Malay Peninsula to the fortress of Singapore. Nearly 50,000 Commonwealth troops had been captured or killed during the battle. The Japanese Army invaded the island of Singapore on 7 January and completed their conquest of the island on 15 January, capturing 80,000 more prisoners out of the 85,000 allied defenders. The final battle before the surrender was with the Royal Malay Regiment at Bukit Candu on the 14 January. By the end of December, Heenan had been court-martialled for spying for the Japanese and sentenced to death. On 13 January, five days after the invasion of Singapore Island, and with Japanese forces approaching the city center, he was taken by military police to the waterside and was hastily executed. His body was thrown into the sea. In the next few months it became clear that the Japanese had lied to the Kesatuan Melayu Muda and other Malay Independence Movements as all of Malaya was annexed and administrated by the Thai Empire, with the exception of Singapore and other important strategic areas like Kra/Cra were the Imperial Japanese Army/Navy stationed it's own garrisons besides the Thai ones. Still the occupation of Malay by the 1st Thai Army allowed the Japanese to use most of their forces for the ongoing assault. The Co-Prosperity Sphere Malay Campaign saw 145,703 losses on allied side (7,531 killed or died of wounds, 10,000 wounded and 130,000 captured), while the Co-Prosperity Forces (mostly Japanese and Thai) had lost 9,864 soldiers, (including 3,647 killed and the rest wounded) and occurred during the same time as the Co-Prosperity Sphere invasion of the Philippines and Burma (and from there later on to Dutch East India and British India).
 
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