The language question in the 1830 was not such a high tensed question as it is today. This language question in OTL Belgium is caused by the French minority at that time who declaered straight after independence that French is the ruling language in Belgium. One of the first acts of the new gouverment was to close down all the state school, were children were teached in their own language. French in French parts Dutch in Flemish parts.
No body gives a thing about Luxembourg, but at that time rulers needed a Causus Beli.
I personaly think the combination of heavy industry, steel works, and a colonial empire, Indonesia, would trigger the need for a real fleet of ironclads. If it was not only for the benefits of the heavy industry.