The Articles of Deconfederation: A World Without America

Almere itself has only been founded in the 1970's.
Maybe it was named after an older, smaller Almere? I’m not going to say I have a definite answer to this, but a city named Almere could have been founded earlier IITL than IOTL.
 
Maybe it was named after an older, smaller Almere? I’m not going to say I have a definite answer to this, but a city named Almere could have been founded earlier IITL than IOTL.
It was named after an ancient lake preceding the Zuiderzee, which in the 20th century became the Ijsselmeer. Said lake was flooded already during medieval times and became the Zuiderzee, so having a city named after it at the other end of the world, several hundred years later (not sure when it actually disappeared) seems unlikely, in particular with the preverb 'Nieuw'.
But then, unlikely things sometimes happen, so yes, it could refer to a completely different city of Almere that does not exist IOTL, at least not under this name.
 
1. Did Standard Oil ever rise to prosperity ITTL?
1a. If so, how prosperous was it compared to OTL?
1ai. did it ever get to the same point in OTL where it was broken up by anti-trust laws?
1b. If not, what oil refining companies filled its place?
2. How was the Oil Refineries in California utilized(the Los Angeles Basin and Pico Canyon oil fields)?
2a. Did this attract any wave of non-Californio immigrants or did California attempt to prevent this?
 
Culture: "Onboard to Fort Detroit"
I'll get to answering your questions tomorrow. Here's this in the meantime, since having your own timeline is the perfect excuse for making your favorite band exceedingly popular.
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In addition to my previous requests, who are the heads of state of Virginia and Midatlantica?
The current president of Virginia is Shelly Moore Capito of the centre-right Citizen's Alliance, while the current president of Midatlantica is Pat Toomey of the right-populist Alternative Party.
Is Tecumsiah, like, mostly Amerindian or is it mostly European? I'd assume the former, but I'm not deadly sure.
Tecumsia's population is roughly 57% Native American, with whites comprising 39%. I'll cover this more in the wikiboxes I'm making on Tecumsia, which I hope to have done by tomorrow or Monday.
From what I could find neither Black Hawk Begay, Potackee King, nor Michael Olentangy are OTL politicians. The name Begay is a Navajo name and Potackee is a Creek/Seminole name.
1. Were these names brought into Tecumsehia through multiple Pan-Indian diasporas from tribes around the continent?
1a. If so, how did the local tribes respond to these new immigrants?
1b. There are also many OTL American politicians on that infobox. When & How did so many Euro-American groups immigrate to Tecumsehia?
1bi. How did the local tribes respond to so many Euro-American moving into their pan-Indian nation?
1bii. How did the British respond to so many Euro-American moving into a protectorate they set up so that Euro-Americans couldn't as easily move into that area?
1. Tecumsia has been the most common destination for Native American emigrants from around the continent, and has been since its foundation. Thus, naming conventions in Tecumsia are mainly based around the heritage of an individual and their family, instead of there being a single, definite set of "Tecumsian names."
1.a. Relations between tribes is typically good, although there are the occasional anti-western-tribe sentiments from Tecumsians whose ancestors originated in the Great Lakes region or came from the east. For the most part, however, it's generally agreed that Tecumsia is native American, and that more differences exist between whites and natives than natives and other natives (this doesn't mean the Amerindians and whites don't get along, but rather that the two have completely separated from one another in some regions).
1.b. Due to the fact that Tecumsia had so much open land during the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, many poorer whites from Virginia, Midatlantica, and Canada were willing to put together all they had to move to Tecumsia and buy pieces of said land. Of course, this led to a degree of overspeculation and induced a number of economic recessions from 1870 to 1910, putting dents in the Tecumsian economy and requiring several British bailouts.
1.b.i. From 1874 to 1883, a series of ethnic conflicts known as the "Ohio Valley Wars" began, stemming from land disputes between white and native farmers in Tecumsia's southeast. The Ohio Valley Wars resulted in just over 1,800 deaths, and were mostly resolved by the Act to Determine the Sovereignty of the Various Tribes of the American Indian Territory of 1883, which divided control of all of Tecumsia's land between the British Crown, the colonial government, and various tribes, with said tribes being granted the ability to define some of their own laws and operate local governments. The act also initiated the process which would settle land disputes on a case-by-case basis.
1.b.ii. A subsection of the aforementioned 1883 act contained a set of rules which, upon implementation, mandated the construction of several checkpoints along the length of the Ohio river which were meant to control the flow of traffic and immigration. Reasons for immigration, as well as the size of the immigrating party, financial information, and nationality would be taken note of, and those who the government felt would further bog down the purpose of an "Indian Territory" were turned back. Additionally, a military police-style organization was put together to patrol the border and redirect those who were passing improperly. Although given that many of Tecumsia's territorial governmental officials were white, (and, as the times would have it, just a bit racist) more white Americans got through from 1883 to 1890 than did afterwards, once Tecumsia was granted independence.
From the 1950's onward, Tecumsia's immigration policy began to shift from the goal of sustaining a state for Native Americans, to accepting the country as a state that was, at the time, mostly comprised of Native Americans, and acknowledging that that could very well change. The Act to Determine the Sovereignty of the Various Tribes of the American Indian Territory's section on immigration and ethnic quotas was overturned in 1957.

(Also, while Tecumsia is named after chief Tecumseh of the Shawnee, the decision to drop the H was conscious, and "Tecumsia" is the accepted spelling ITTL.)
How are things currently for Native Americans ITTL?

What's life like in the USAS?

What are the most popular TV shows currently airing?

What are the political parties in Midatlantica and Virginia?

What music is popular in North America?
1. I feel like I answered this pretty well above. But in regards to natives outside of Tecumsia, of which there are much fewer than IOTL, they do relatively well. Tecumsia has taken up the mantle of being a promoter of native rights in North America, and has used its influence to persuade countries such as Louisiana, Canada, Oregon, and California to pursue better treatment for their native populations. Fin Donnelly, the current Prime-Ministerial candidate for Oregonian Labor, has been influenced by Tecumsian politicians into supporting the abolition of Oregon's Indian Territory, which has essentially served as a massive Indian reservation.
2. USAS citizens view their country's founders as near-gods, and are taught to respect them more than anyone alive today. No offices are elected, except for those in the legislature, and even then, all candidates are approved by the Secretary-General himself. Dissent is, of course, outlawed, and a separate version of the internet exists for use in the USAS only. The USAS' people have been conditioned into complacency, and most, if not all, are entirely accepting of the current state of affairs.
3. I believe you asked this before. You might want to go back and check previous posts for the answer to this one.
4. The main political parties in Midatlantica are:
  • Alternative- A right-populist party founded in 2016 by Pat Toomey, the country's current president. The party opposes immigration, globalization, and free trade, and is currently pushing for a 'yes' vote in Midatlantica's upcoming referendum on whether on not to leave the American Union.
  • Labor- Founded during the height of the Midatlantic labor movement of the 1910's and 20's, Labor is the country's prominent centre-left to left-wing party. After the results of the 2017 general election, in which Alternative won a majority in the legislature, Labor formed a 'common sense coalition' with the centrist Federalist party to symbolically oppose Toomey's government.
  • The Federalists- Midatlantica's oldest political party, the Federalists have been historically centre-right and centrist. The party comprised the official opposition to all Labor governments until 2017, when it was replaced by Alternative as the country's main party for right-wing voters.
The main political parties in Virginia are:
  • Citizen's Alliance- The current ruling and prominent centre-right party in Virginia. The party is relatively new, having been founded in 1985.
  • Social Liberal- The current opposition and prominent centre-left party in Virginia. Founded in 1923 during the North American progressive era.
5. I answered this one a few questions back.
Is there an active resistance movement in the USAS?

How are relations between New England and the USAS?

Does the city of Washington DC or some equivalent exist? What country owns it?
1. To put it plainly, no.
2. The USAS and New England completely despise one another, with the USAS being a prime example as to why leftist policy doesn't work in NE's view, and NE being a prime example as to why religion is evil in the USAS' view.
3. The closest thing to Washington DC ITTL would be Washington City, Virginia, named after first and only president of the United States George Washington. It is located in roughly the same spot as IOTL, but the area is split in half between Virginia and Midatlantica, with some of the border lying along the Potomac and the rest being defined by a series of post-American treaties.

 
1. How was the issue of slavery dealt with in Midatlantica(since IOTL Maryland had a fairly prominent culture of using slave labor until slavery was abolished nationwide in the 1860s as Pennsylvania had banned slavery much earlier)?
1a. Did any unrest, or secessionist movements arise preceding and succeeding Maryland's eventual ban on slavery?
 
Tecumsia; Tecumseh; George Catlin
The Federation of Tecumsia, or simply Tecumsia, is a federal republic located in north-central North America. It is bordered by Canada to the east and northwest, Virginia to the south, and Louisiana and Midatlantica to the west and east respectively. Much of the country's north borders the Great Lakes of Michigan, Superior, Ontario, and Huron. With a population of just over 28 million, it is the fifth most populous nation in North America, after California. It is the only pure indigenous-majority country in the new world, with 56 percent of its population consisting of Native Americans, whereas 39 percent is white or European-American. Tecumsia is a federation consisting of six federally-administered states and eight tribe-government joint controlled states, with each being governed, for the most part, by the largest native tribe residing in the area. These tribes are the Dakota, Illinois, Ioway, Lakota, Mascouten, Miami, and Shawnee, with the Sauk, Fox, and Kickapoo sharing control of a single consolidated area. Additionally, the area surrounding the capital city of Shikaakwa is administered as a 'federal territory.'

Tecumsia, as the concept of a single state dedicated to being a residence for Native Americans based near the Great Lakes, has no definite date of foundation. The country traces its origins to Tecumseh's Confederacy, a federation of various native tribes which organized at an indeterminate point in the year 1805. The confederacy was designed to give bargaining and defensive powers to the Native American peoples of the Great Lakes and North American mid-west, and lasted until 1822, when the British Empire offered Tecumseh, the chief of the confederacy, the position of Governor General of the American Indian Territories. The British promised Tecumseh near-complete control of the territories and their laws, and Tecumseh, having changed his stance on Europeans from being staunchly anti-cooperation to 'limited cooperation with conditions,' accepted. Tecumseh became the first Governor General of the territories in 1822, marking the dissolution of the confederacy and the start of full British administration of what would become Tecumsia. Tecumseh was the first and only native Governor General, with all later Governors being white, and typically British. George Catlin, a noted Pennsylvanian artist known for his fascination with Native American culture, and who became a close friend of Tecumseh during his tenure as Governor, was selected for the post in 1835. Catlin worked to promote the tenants of 'Tecumseh's Vision,' which he would use to attempt to distance the British in their control of the territory and to ensure firmer native control of the region. Catlin was forced by the British into resignation on the eighth anniversary of his ascension to the office.

Catlin's replacement by Canadian Charles Metcalfe began an era of more direct British control of the American Indian Territory. Metcalfe implemented a series of acts that brought Native Americans as close as they had ever been to being second-class citizens. White immigration to the territory spiked, and tribal land claims were invalidated, with all land not owned by white settlers being transferred into control of the territorial government. Some regions even put segregation laws in place, separating access to facilities and public services based on race, with whites oftentimes experiencing more favorable conditions. In 1856, however, the majority of the territory's native population, along with a small contingent of whites, revolted in a series of riots and demonstrations across the region, demanding that the laws be revoked, or even that all whites be expelled from the territory. After a year of disorder, Louis Napoléon, emperor of Louisiana, demanded that the British fix the situation for the sake of regional stability, as the unrest had begun to spill over into northeastern Louisiana. The British attempted to respond with violence, killing and forcibly jailing hundreds of protesters, but the issue had become inflamed to a point where they stood to lose control of the territory to a rebel-lead coup or revolution. In 1858, Charles Henry Darling, Metcalfe's successor, resigned, and the territory was left without a Governor General for two months. In April of the same year, Joesph A. Wright was appointed Governor General and all laws allowing segregation, slave labor, legal discrimination, and codified white dominance were abolished. In 1883, the Act to Determine the Sovereignty of the Various Tribes of the American Indian Territory was passed by British parliament, returning large swathes of territory to their original tribal owners via partial governance and settling numerous land disputes between natives and white settlers. The act also established the Parliament of the American Indian Territory, Tecumsia's first ever legislature under colonial rule.

In 1893, the territory was granted full and unconditional independence; Britian's first ever complete cutting-of-ties with a former colony. Tecumsia kept the name 'Federation of American Indian Territories' until 1909, when it was renamed in honor of its first Governor General, its name meaning 'Tecumseh's Land.' In 1928, Tecumsia joined the Commonwealth of Nations under a British-friendly government, but left again in 1951, and has not returned since. Tecumsia, in its current state, is considered a functioning, albeit flawed, democracy, with income social inequality being factors of discontent. However, these inequities do not exist along racial lines, and whites, as a minority, do financially just as well as natives when the two groups are compared proportionally. Tecumsia has acted as a bargainer for Native Americans in other countries, and has used its diplomatic and economic leverage to improve native rights in countries such as Oregon and California.

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John McCain
John Sidney McCain III (August 29, 1936-August 25, 2018) was an Oregonian politician and military officer who served as prime minster from September 23, 1996 to July 19 2002. He had previously served as Chief Minister for the Indian Territory under prime minister Mike Harcourt, as well as Minister of Budget and Finance under prime ministers John Spellman and Bill Vander Zalm. McCain represented the seat of Great Falls in the house of commons for 22 years, from 1970 to 2002.

McCain graduated from Oregon National University in Tacoma, just outside of his home city of Olympia. In 1959, McCain volunteered his way into the Oregonian Navy. He became a naval aviator and flew ground-attack aircraft from carriers. During the Mexico war, he was shot down by the south Mexican military over the city of Mérida and taken prisoner. During the length of his capture, he was tortured and interrogated for several years, almost being forced into release due to his relation with his father, who held significant influence in the Oregonian navy. McCain would remain a prisoner of the South Mexicans for four years, until early in 1980, when he, along with several hundred other Oregonians and Louisianians being held at Mérida, was liberated by an invading force of Floridian marines. Upon return to Oregon, he was honorably discharged, and received a number of awards for his bravery, injury, and for enduring capture. After leaving the navy, McCain began in impromptu campaign for the seat of Great Falls in the Oregonian House of Commons, an endeavor which he would later describe as "expecting instant failure" in. In an upset election, McCain unseated four-term incumbent Joseph Leone by a fraction of a percent in one of the closest races of the 1980 election.

While typically keeping in line with his party's policy, McCain became known for sometimes instead doing what he felt was morally right instead of what benefited the Populists. He was one of only a handful of Populists who supported the National Health Initiative put forward by prime minister Ed Broadbent, which would have initiated a system of accessible healthcare similar to that in Canada. During his tenure as prime minster, he improved Oregon's relations with California, a state which had been previously hostile to its neighbors, and increased Oregonian investment in the south Pacific. The McCain government was the first of 22 years of Populist rule, the opposition Labor party being divided by the foundation of the then powerful Social Commonwealth Party during the 1996 election and not regaining its place as second party until 2007.

In 2017, McCain was diagnosed with brain cancer, and died in August of 2018 after ending treatment for the disease.


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John Sidney McCain III (August 29, 1936-August 25, 2018) was an Oregonian politician and military officer who served as prime minster from September 23, 1996 to July 19 2002. He had previously served as Chief Minister for the Indian Territory under prime minister Mike Harcourt, as well as Minister of Budget and Finance under prime ministers John Spellman and Bill Vander Zalm. McCain represented the seat of Great Falls in the house of commons for 23 years, from 1979 to 2002.

McCain graduated from Oregon National University in Tacoma, just outside of his home city of Olympia. In 1959, McCain volunteered his way into the Oregonian Navy. He became a naval aviator and flew ground-

A fitting tribute to a good man
 
Midatlantica AU Membership Referendum
The Midatlantican American Union membership referendum, also known as the AU Referendum and the Atlantexit Referendum, took place on 31 August, 2018 in Midatlantica to gauge support for the possibility of the country leaving the American Union. The referendum resulted in a majority of voters being in favor of remaining within the AU. Although legally non-binding, the Toomey administration promised to implement the result of the vote as soon as possible after the the referendum was conducted. After having promised to resign if the "leave" campaign failed, president Pat Toomey issued an official statement which reassured voters of Toomey's continued decision to leave office. As of September 1, 2018, Toomey has a one-week self-provided window of time to resign from the office of president. Vice president Lou Barletta is expected to take control of the presidency on 8 September, 2018, the scheduled day of Toomey's resignation.

Even in its conception, the idea of leaving the American Union had relatively little support within Midatlantica. After the 2017 general election, president Toomey made pushing forward a referendum on the issue one of the driving motivators for his administration, despite the lack of public support for actually leaving. Critics labelled the referendum as out of touch and an unneeded waste of tax-generated funds. Despite this, Toomey and his cabinet forced the issue into the public spotlight, attempting to correlate the possibility of leaving with the Alternate Party's 13 percent victory over Labor in the 2017 election, suggesting such a win provided the administration with a mandate to continue with the referendum. One week before the referendum was conducted, president Toomey's approval ratings hit an all-time low of 38 percent, and only 52 percent of those who voted for Alternative in 2017 said that they would support the party again. Although analysts have suggested that the referendum's lack of popularity is not the only driving factor behind these figures, its execution did put a significant dent in public support for Toomey and his party.

Unlike several other votes that have occurred in North America through the past three years, it is mostly believed that this referendum was entirely clean, with no outside influence campaigns being deemed "successful" in any attempts to undermine the integrity of the vote or to sway the outcome in one direction or another.

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I’ve been pretty busy lately, especially with classes starting again. This means I won’t have as much time to develop the TL, but I will be getting work done this weekend. If anyone’s got any requests, shoot ‘em at me, especially if they can be addressed through a graphic.

Thanks.
 
Would love to see an either an election map or maybe a wikibox on parties in Tecumsia? Very interesting concept.

Great work, really loving this universe.
 
Hawaiian Legislative Election, 2017
The 2017 Hawai'i legislative election took place on Wednesday, 6 September to elect members to all 106 seats in the Legislative Hui Pūʻulu. The election, being carried out on its planned date, went off without a hitch, and yielded a victory and subsequent continuation of government for the No Kai Kaiaulu-Agrarian Party coalition, which had been formed in 2012. Brian Schatz maintained control of the office of Speaker of the Legislature (also occasionally referred to as Alaka'i), and Shan Tsutsui, leader of the Agrarian Party, took office for a second term as Deputy Speaker. As per national compulsory voting laws put into effect in 1989, all eligible Hawai'ians were required to either participate in the election or provide a government-approved excuse for not being able to do so, with unexcused non-voters facing a fine of up to 300 dala.

The ruling NKK was defending a plain plurality of five seats, and a coalition-based majority of ten seats. In 2013, the NKK's popular vote lead was within a fraction of a percent of the Ku'una League's total, although this gap was widened to 2.5 percent in 2017. NKK picked up two seats, while the associated Agrarians gained one. Although official counts put 51 seats into NKK's column, Kai Alana, the member from the seat of Waimea, ran as an NKK candidate despite being a member of the Agrarian party, with this occurrence being due to the lack of ballot access for the Agrarians in Waimea. The Ku'una League lost three seats; two to NKK, and one to the Agrarians. Additionally, fourth parties, such as the once-notable centre-right Republican Party, earned less than one percent of the vote, down from a whole 2 percent in 2013.

In comparison to historical results, 2017 yielded the most "status-quo" results of any Hawai'ian election, with the 1966 de-seating of 98 representatives being this election's most contrasted-with event.

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