Basically, the POD is that the Executive Branch is left out of the Constitution, and that the United States chooses a more British style- Parliament.
The American Parliament
Even during September of 1789, the Constitutional Convention had yet to make a stern fast decision for a government. Large States rallied to the Virginia plan, advocating a strong government. Smaller states rallied to the New Jersey plan, advocating small government with limited control. There was an even deadlock, and Virginia representative James Madison even wrote back to his wife “There is strong chances this convention will be the body of nothing come winter.”
There was one man willing to compromise. That man was Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton brought forth a plan that seemed radical at first. It involved a British style Parliament Legislative body with representatives based on population, and the “Council of the States”, a body with one representative per state that approved whether laws were “constitutional”. The Parliament was to be headed by a “Speaker of the House” and the Chief of Staff’s was to be led by a “Consul. Large State's argued that it wasn't powerful enough; with smaller states arguing it was too powerful. Hamilton’s oratory had convinced a good third of the Convention of the “Hamilton Plan”, but his only increased the deadlock in Philadelphia. Eventually, Alexander Hamilton and leaders of the Virginia Plan, those wanting a strong Government, met and agreed that their plans were similar enough, and compromised into a Resolution. The deadlock finally broke when General George Washington, Hero of the Revolution, and the "Father of the United States", finally came out in support of the Hamilton Plan.
George Washington would later write:
"I had a duty to support the plan. Did I personally support it? No. If the United States could not successfully form a Government, All we had bled for in the last decade would be for nothing....."
On August 4th, 1789, The Constitutional Convention passed the Hamilton Plan, but many small states would refuse to ratify the Constitution, arguing it gave the Large States too much Power over the Small states. Hamilton compromised. He struck a deal with the Small Slave-Holding States of the South, promising to count 1/2 of their Slaves as population (and therefore more seats in the U.S. Parliament) if the Southern States would approve the Hamilton Plan. The compromise worked, and New York became the 9th to ratify the US Constitution, largely due to Governor George Clinton's efforts on getting it passed.
After the Constitution was ratified, it was clear that America was being divided. Supporters of the Constitution were "Constitutionalists", who advocated a strong National Government, included Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, and James Monroe. Alexander Hamilton published a series of essays titled the "Constitutionalist Papers", explaining Constitutionalism as a positive force for the United States Constitution. At the same time "Anti-Constitutionists" such as Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr, and Patrick Henry published the "Anti-Constitutionist Papers" attacking the United States Constitution as a "British-Lite" system of Government.
The first elections for Members of the House of Representatives were set for November, 1789. But as said in the Constitution, Councilors of the States were selected by the Governors of the Thirteen States. It was split geographically, Southern; Anti- Constitutional states put Anti- Constitutionist Councilors on the Council, and vice versa for Northern, Constitutionist States.
Alexander Hamilton and his fellow Constitutionists formed the "Constitutional Republican Party" which claimed to be the Party of George Washington, Federalism, and centralism. George Washington turned down both parties' offers to join as a MHR (Member of the House of Rep.). Opponents of Constitutions came together, lead by Thomas Jefferson to create the "Whig Party", named after the original supporters of the American Revolution. The Nation's first election was a victory for the CRP, because much of the populous Northeast supported a Strong Government, but the Whigs kept strong in the South.
Constitutional Republicans: 39 (+39)
Whigs: 30 (+30)
John Adams emerged as the leader of the Republicans, and after earning the reluctant support of Alexander Hamilton, John Adams was easily selected as the Nation's First Speaker of the House. Thomas Jefferson was the de-facto opposition to Adams. Voting was split mostly along Party lines, but with one Republican (James Monroe) voting for Thomas Jefferson. Some Republicans had wanted the Charismatic Alexander Hamilton as Speaker instead of the uninspiring, and often cold John Adams. But Adams was the first to announce, and Hamilton did not want to split the Republican vote. The Consitutional Republicans were happy that the United States' first Speaker was a Republican, and supported the Constitution.
First Ballot:
Adams: 38
Jefferson: 31
His Excellency, Speaker of the House of Representatives, John Adams