I've seen it said that much of the crime waves rising through the 50s, 60s and 70s in the USA could in retrospect be attributed to lead poisoning from the exhaust of leaded gasoline using vehicles, so if it turns out that OTL many of the countries you ask about did not adopt TEL treated gasoline, goody on them say I! Once we phased out lead--because it "poisoned" catalytic converters aimed at lowering other forms of pollution from car engines and not because we wanted to stop poisoning ourselves--the anomalous rise in violent crime that had been blamed on so many factors--mere overpopulation, alienation, lax discipline in childrearing, Communist plots to spread drug use and other counterculture, etc, and led to wave of "tough on crime" politics that has put the USA near the top in per capita imprisonment--started to decline again. The law'n'order types no doubt preened while building more prisons and getting judicial review streamlined away, but it was because we stopped putting poison in every gas tank that people calmed down.
I'd expect quite a few of those on your list scorned American patent laws and used the damned lead if it seemed good to them. I certainly have a hard time imagining the Soviets refraining just because a bunch of Yankee capitalists claimed the right to control the technology! Or the PRC.
So, I suspect the scope for a POD of more use of lead overseas is limited; those who wanted to either paid royalties to the US corporations and did it, or scoffed and did it. Or as marathag points out, used alternative tech such as alcohol to accomplish the same ends.
As I understand it, we Americans did enjoy an advantage in having superior high octane fuel during WWII, which meant we could design piston engines (radials being our national forte) for higher power. But my sources on this also said that the high octane gas was naturally so, specifically what was pumped from Southern Californian fields. This is where we got our 105+ octane av gas from.
I believe this was of course leaded to the max as well. I suppose deterioration in ability to control violent impulses was not something that cried out for study in USN task forces in the Pacific or during island-hopping invasion campaigns against the Japanese!