The Treaty of Tafna (1837) involved a cession of a large swath of the Algerian interior to Emir Abd-el-Kader. However, by 1839 hostilities reemerged as the Emir laid claim to an important route between Algiers and Constantine (The Iron Gates) and the French pushed back and marched through the region resulting in renewed hostilities.
What if the treaty held, France's presence in Africa was limited to the lands of the treaty, and an independent Arab Kingdom based out of Tagdemt (the Emir's Capital) continued?
What if the treaty held, France's presence in Africa was limited to the lands of the treaty, and an independent Arab Kingdom based out of Tagdemt (the Emir's Capital) continued?