Survival of Mary of Burgundy

Survival of Mary of Burgundy
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Portrait of Mary of Burgundy, accredited to Michael Pacher, c. 1490

Survival of Mary of Burgundy

Mary of Burgundy would have three children namely Philip b. 1478, Margaret b. 1480 and Francis b. 1481, this would mean that the Habsburgs would depend upon the birth of the heirs to Philip of Burgundy
the child would be followed by two children Mary b. December 10, 1485 and Elizabeth b. June 4, 1489.
Mary of Burgundy being alive would stop the French from attempting to conquer the Burgundian inheritance aside from the Duchy of Burgundy and she would focus on strengthening the Burgundian Possessions against the French by having his second daughter Mary to marry Juan, Prince of Asturias, her son Philip is betrothed to Juana of Castile and her oldest daughter, Margaret to marry Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, Mary would choose those marriages in order to strengthen the relations of Burgundy with other countries, the last marriage she would have arranged is the betrothal between her daughter Elizabeth and Charles Orlando which would include the dowry of Artois and the County of Burgundy and another marriage between Catherine of France and Archduke Francis.
During her life the French would be hostile to the Burgundians because the French have taken the Duchy of Burgundy which is a french appanage.
However even if she failed she would have reestablished the relations between the North Sea countries and Burgundy and that was important for her and she would have taken things with care and left her husband to care for being the Future Holy Roman Emperor.
She would handle the Burgundian Estates fairly since her own Ascension in 1477 to her death on 1489, on 1489 her son, Philip the Fair would replace her and she would try to fix the damage caused by her own father, Charles the Bold of Burgundy, however, her son, Philip would be the one who would be able to do the reforms.
Her husband, Maximilian would marry Beatrice of Naples, the widow of Mathias of Hungary after her own death acquiring Bohemia and Hungary in the process.
Mary of Burgundy would be remembered as the person who ruled the Transition of the Burgundian estates to the Habsburg Empire..
 
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Mad War
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Statue of Francis of Brittany

Mad War

Francis II was anxious to maintain his duchy's autonomy during the minority of Charles VIII of France. He aligned himself with Louis, the Duke of Orléans (the future Louis XII) and Charles, Count of Angoulême, against the regency of Anne of France. Anne had been pursuing the same underhand politics as her father, Louis XI, towards Brittany.

In focusing on relations with his neighbour France, however, Francis II neglected his own realm. His corrupt and oppressive prime minister, Guillaume Chauvin, was overthrown by treasurer general Pierre Landais in 1477. A large part of the nobility had been bribed by Charles VIII and supported them in their eagerness to subjugate Brittany. These nobles performed a coup d'état against Landais, who was eventually hanged in 1485.

On 1485, Francis of Brittany would himself marry Cecily of York producing two sons named Edward b. November 10, 1487 and Arthur b. June 2, 1490, he would initially want to marry Elizabeth of York who Edward IV himself betrothed to the future James IV.

In 1486, the Estates of Brittany confirmed the succession of Brittany on Francis' daughter Anne, to further assure the Duchy's autonomy from France. The Treaty of Chateaubriant was signed with France in 1487 and reaffirmed Brittany's autonomy. Despite the Treaty of Chateaubriant, however, the French continued to harass the Duchy. Under the leadership of Louis II de la Trémoille, the French royal army struck against Vannes and Fougères, controlling access to Brittany.

The betrothal between Anne of Brittany and the future Edward V would end in a marriage with Edward V on 1491 and her sister Isabeau would marry the Duke of Orange, the two marriages would result in children.

The birth of a male heir would have ended the fears of an english take over in Brittany.
 
Catherine of Navarre
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Catalina de Navarra

Catherine of Navarre

In 1483 the death of Francis made Catherine queen under the regency of their mother. Her uncle John of Foix, appealing to the Salic Law alien to the Kingdom of Navarre, claimed the throne and ignited a civil war (1483–1492) that reignited the old conflict of the Beaumont-Agramont parties. In 1484, hard pressed by ambitions over the throne of Navarre, Magdalena of Valois decided to marry 15-year-old Catherine to her cousin Charles VIII of France with Papal dispensation in the same manner as Isabella and Ferdinand but the coronation of the young couple in Pamplona was deferred until 1494, after a fleeting peace treaty with Louis of Beaumont, Count of Lerín, and Catherine's granduncle, King Ferdinand II of Aragon, was signed. This marriage was favored by many of Catherine's Iberian subjects and would have given Catherine much needed support in her fight against her uncle's claim.

Catherine of Navarre as Queen of France would give birth to two daughters named Anna of Navarre b. May 2, 1486, Margaret of Navarre b. November 10, 1489, Charles Orlando b. October 11, 1490 Louis, duke of Berry b. August 2, 1493.

Catherine died in 1495, allegedly in miscarriage and also it was discovered that she did develop bone tuberculosis, though one chronicler accused her husband of having killed her, her death would have brought in the Gascon inheritance to her children and integrated to the Royal Domain, Charles VIII would assign Anne of France as the regent in Navarre for his own son, Charles.

Charles VIII would remarry to Isabeau of Brittany a a sister of the late queen of england, however, Isabeau, would give birth to three children named Jean b. 1498, Orland b. 1499 and Hercule b. 1508, she could not persuade her husband to change his mind in order to favor her sons.
 
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Edward V
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Anne of Brittany before her death

Edward V

Edward V would assume being king on 1486, on the death of Edward V
On 1491, Edward V would marry Anne of Brittany, the marriages of Cecily and Edward V would cause an alignment and alliance of England and Brittany, however, Anne of Brittany would have a weak constitution and die due to childbirth, she is said to be similar to her cousin Catherine of Navarre in constitution.
On October 10, 1493, the delicate Anne of Brittany would give birth to a twins, Richard, Prince of Wales and Anna of York but she would herself die shortly after giving birth to her son due to Bone Tuberculosis and Edward V would finish mourning and marry Maria of Aragon on 1495, who would give birth to many children, Maria of Aragon would have a lancastrian blood herself and suggested a marriage between Eleanor of Austria-Burgundy and Richard, Prince of Wales. However they decided that Joanna of Portugal would be the best wife for Richard, Prince of Wales due to the waiting required for Eleanor of Austria-Burgundy but only the marriage between Anna of England and Juan, Prince of Asturias and Portugal would happen instead as originally planned, Anna of England would die after giving birth to her heir causing her husband to remarry to Isabella of Austria-Hungary.
There would be only four children that Maria bore would survive infancy, namely Edmund, Prince of York b. 1503, Beatrice of York b. 1504, Henry b. 1512 and Mary b. 1513.
 
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Isabella of Aragon
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Isabella of Aragon

Her first marriage was to Prince Afonso, the only son and heir of king John II of Portugal from his marriage with Eleanor of Viseu. The wedding, by proxy, took place in the spring of 1490 in Seville. On 19 November of that year, Isabella arrived in Badajoz, where she was welcomed by Afonso's uncle Manuel, the future King Manuel I of Portugal, whom she would eventually marry six years after her husband's death. Afonso and Isabella were reunited in Elvas on 22 November and, on the following day, Isabella met her mother-in-law, Queen Eleanor, in the Convento do Espinheiro in Évora, where the court had gathered to ratify the marriage that had been celebrated earlier in Seville.

Though the marriage had been arranged by the Treaty of Alcáçovas, the marriage quickly became a love match. Isabella proved a popular figure with the Portuguese royal family due to her knowledge of their language and customs brought about by the years she spent in Portugal as a child. On July 1491, she would announce that she is pregnant.

She would give birth to a daughter she would name as Joanna of Portugal, born on August 10, 1491, followed by a son named John on December 10, 1493, and her last child would be Ferdinand born on May 4, 1502 afterwards she would devote herself to religion which would end her marital duties with her own husband, this would strengthen the future union between the Iberian Kingdoms in the future.

Although the lands east which are Naples and Sicily would also plague her with problems.
 
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Christopher Columbus
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Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus (1451–1506) was a Genoese trader, explorer, and navigator. He was born in Genoa, Italy, in the year 1451. "Christopher Columbus" is the English version of Columbus's name. His real name in Italian was Cristoforo Colombo; his name in Spanish was Cristóbal Colón.

Christopher Columbus would not believed by Isabella and Ferdinand due to King John having a better knowledge about the world and Christopher Columbus would go to England in the court of Edward V where in he will be hired by Edward V along with Cabot and discovered a new island in the West in the land formerly known as Vinland in an expedition in 1496 they named the land of Cabotia.

Edward V would claim the land as theirs while a decade Alfonso VI of Portugal would discover a land named Brasil in the West opposite of Africa by the explorer Cabral.
 
Sultan Bolkiah
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Sultan Bolkiah

Sultan Bolkiah's victory and the sack of Tondo and as well as his marriage to Laila Menchanai, the daughter of Sulu Sultan Amir Ul-Ombra, widened Brunei's influence in the North East of the Malay archipelago.

This increased Brunei's wealth as well as extending Islamic teachings in the region, resulting in the influence and power of Brunei reaching its peak during this period. Bolkiah's rule reached essentially all of coastal Borneo, as far south as Banjarmasin and as far north as Kota Saludong and Kumintang in the land of Saludong, he also influenced the island of Saludong to convert into islam.

A few decades the marriage of Panginoan would have bought the Northern Half of Saludong to Islam.
 
Joanna of Aragon
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Joanna of Aragon, mother of Karl V

Joanna of Aragon

By 1495 Joanna showed signs of religious skepticism and little devotion to worship and Catholic rites. This alarmed her mother Queen Isabella, who had established the Spanish Inquisition in 1478, and Joanna was especially afraid of her. Indeed, letters of Mosen Luis Ferrer, gentleman of the bed chamber of Ferdinand, refer to the coercive punishment known as "La cuerda", which Juana was subjected to. This involved being suspended by a rope with weights attached to the feet, endangering life and limb. In the background was the 'Holy' Inquisition. Two thousand men and women were burned, and a still greater number condemned to perpetual imprisonment,[citation needed], while immense numbers fled to France, Italy, and other countries.[citation needed] The Queen declared she would rather the country be depopulated than have it polluted by heresy. Deviance by a child of the Catholic Monarchs would not be tolerated, much less heresy. Sub-Prior Friar Tomas de Matienzo and Friar Andreas complained of her refusal to confess - or to write to him or her mother - and accused her of corruption by Parisian 'drunkard' priests

In 1496, Joanna, at the age of seventeen, was betrothed to the eighteen year old Philip of Flanders, in the Low Countries. Philip's parents were Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and his first wife, Duchess Mary of Burgundy. The marriage was one of a set of family alliances between the Habsburgs and the Trastámaras designed to strengthen both against growing French power.[citation needed]

Joanna entered a proxy marriage at the Palacio de los Vivero in the city of Valladolid, Castile (her parents had secretly married there in 1469). In August 1496 Joanna left from the port of Laredo in northern Spain on the Atlantic's Bay of Biscay. Except for 1506, when she saw her younger sister Catherine, Princess Dowager of Wales, she would not see her siblings again.

Joanna began her journey to Flanders in the Low Countries, which consisted of parts of the present day Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, and Germany, on 22 August 1496. The formal marriage took place on 20 October 1496 in Lier,[citation needed] north of present-day Brussels. Between 1498 and 1507, she gave birth to six children, two boys and four girls, Eleanor b. 1498, Charles b. 1500 , Isabella b. 1501, Ferdinand, Mary b. 1505 and Catherine b. 1507.

On September 25, 1506 Philip died after a five-day illness in Bruxelles, her children were taken away from her.

The regency would be taken by the Elector and Electress of Saxony, which would last til 1515 when it was guaranteed that the rulers of Burgundy and Austria are now in the right age, she would tolerate her children’s interest in Protestantism.
 
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The Hungarian Adventure
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The Hungarian Adventure

On 1490, Maximilian would become the successor to the Kingdom of Hungary and Bohemia by Matthias, Vladislaus II would lose his claims to the Kingdom of Hungary due to him being defeated by Maximilian who would be the King of Hungary and the Jagiellonians would prevail in Silesia but lose in Bohemia proper.

Vladislaus II and Maximilian’s war would further drag in years and the marriage of Maximilian’s daughter, Margaret to Frederick III of Saxony strenghthen the force of Maximilian in Bohemia, however Upper Silesian dukes and the Archbishop of Wroclaw would support Vladislaus II.

Vladislaus II would be elected as the King of Poland in 1492 and his brother, Albert would be the Grand Duke of Lithuania and due to the war dragging and Silesia siding with Vladislaus, Maximilian would choose to divide Silesia between them as a cease fire and Poland would renounce its claims to the fiefs in Lower Silesia such as Glogow and Poland and in exchange the Kingdom of Bohemia would give up Upper Silesia and the fiefs in it.

Vladislaus II would marry Lucrezia Borgia in 1493 and nullified his other marriage to the Barbara of Brandenburg by the help of Pope Alexander VI, Lucrezia is the daughter of Pope Alexander VI.

The relationship was happy at least from the king's view, and he is reported to have regarded her as a friend, assistant and a trusted advisor. In 1506, her signature was placed on a document alongside the king's regarding an alliance with the Habsburgs. On July 23, 1497 Lucrezia gave birth to a daughter, known as Anna Jagellonica, and on July 1, 1506 to the long-awaited male heir, the future king Louis II of Poland. She enjoyed great popularity, but her pregnancies ruined her health. She died in Krakow on July 26, 1506, a little more than three weeks after the birth of her son due to complications from delivery. She was 28 years of age.
 
Frederick III, Elector of Saxony
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Margaret of Austria, Electress of Saxony


Frederick III, Elector of Saxony

Born in Torgau, he succeeded his father as elector in 1486; in 1502, he founded the University of Wittenberg, where Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon taught.

He married Margaret of Austria on 1493, which would have resulted in having two children both daughters, named Elizabeth b. April 2, 1498 and Maria b. November 2, 1504.

Her two daughters would have prestigious marriages Elizabeth is married to Louis V, Elector Palatinate and Maria would marry the Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, which would strenghen the alliance between the Habsburgs and the Italians.

Frederick was among the princes who pressed the need of reform upon Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and in 1500 he became president of the newly formed council of regency (Reichsregiment).

His court painter from 1504 was Lucas Cranach the Elder.

Frederick was Pope Leo X's candidate for Holy Roman Emperor in 1519—He would have not accepted it due to his marriage alliance with the Habsburgs.
 
Princess of Asturias
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Anne De Beaujeu
Princess of Asturias
In order to achieve a lasting alliance with Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, Mary of Burgundy started negotiating the marriage of their only son and heir, John, Prince of Asturias, to Archduchess Mary, as well as the marriage of their daughter, Joanna to Philip of Burgundy, Mary’s brother. Mary left Ghent for Spain late in 1498. The marriage took place in 1499. John died after only six months, on 4 October. Archduchess Mary of Austria was left pregnant which results in Miscarriage, but on April 2, 1500, she would return to the court of Austria on 1501 and would marry the Dauphin.
The second marriage with Dauphin Charles Orlando of France, she would take the place of her sister Elizabeth of Austria-Burgundy on 1502 and married the Future Charles IX of France and took in Artois and Franche Comte as her dowry, providing him of two surviving children namely Louis b. May 2, 1506 and Charles b. June 10, 1510, she would die in 1511 and her husband would take in Eleanor of Austria-Burgundy which would give him two children Jean b. February 1520 and Marie b. June 8, 1521. The Princess of Asturias would be both remembered in Poland and in Spain due to her contributions in the history and culture of the two countries, Elizabeth of Austria-Hungary would marry Charles III of Savoy instead providing him of a single surviving son, Emmanuel Filberto b. July 8, 1508 and a daughter, Margaret of Savoy b. January 10, 1510.
Sanchia of Aragon would marry Charles of Clermont, the son of Anne de Beaujeu since Mary of Austria-Burgundy would have introduced Charles of Clermont to her, she would give birth to a son named Charles in 1505.
 
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