Suggest (Realistic) 15th Century Reforms?

For my current TL, I'm having the Teutonic Order-State reform into a proper late-medieval polity and remain relevant.

What reforms would be suitable, given the unique circumstances and situation in the Order-occupied Baltic?

What can be done to encourage further German migration to the region?

Given that the Order remained pretty backward, if it had the stability and wealth to enact reforms and absorb temporary losses (big POD: no loss at Grunwald) in order to see them through, what is realistic?
 
I don't have any good answers for most of your questions, but I remember reading something on the topic of this question a while back:
What can be done to encourage further German migration to the region?
The problem with German migration beyond Prussia is that the journey is fairly long. Granted, that wouldn't necessarily stop potential migrants, as evidenced by the Saxon communities in eastern Hungary, but it does make it more difficult.

OTL, free land was actually offered to farmers willing to undertake the journey to Livonia, but it didn't help all that much. The sea journey was too arduous for most, and the journey by land wasn't necessarily safe either.

If the Order could properly secure the route from the HRE to Livonia, you might see some increase in migration, but it would take quite a bit of time before you'd see even a plurality of Germans in the rural areas.
 
The Teutonic Order had rather few options at its own hands.

But you could come up with an external PoD that might have played into their hands - say, for example, another decade or two of Hussite success in Bohemia and Moravia and ongoing raids into Silesia and Lusatia in the 1430s and 1440s. For your reforms, you`d want skilled craftsmen and well-wired traders. You could get the craftsmen from assaulted towns like Pilsen, Iglau, Brüx, Bautzen and the like, offering German-speaking Catholics asylum in the Order`s towns.
As for trade, your main competitor would be the Hanse. But the Hanse had its enemies, too, for example the Kalmar Union. Would it be conceivable to improve the Order`s relations with Kalmar kings?

As for getting farmers, was that really so difficult? Hmmmm.
 
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