What if Khosrau of Persia did not declare war on the Byzantines, leaving the Sassanid and Byzantine Empires stronger and more likely to cooperate against the Islamic invasions?
Alternatively, could Islam just expand to North Africa instead of into Persia?
Alternatively, could Islam just expand to North Africa instead of into Persia?
The Byzantines ruled Egypt at the time, that is kind of a block to Islamic expansion in North Africa.
Didn't they also rule what is now Libya and Tunisia?
More or less. Mostly just the coast of those modern states, but that's the valuable part.
Cities such as Benghazi, Tripoli, Tunis etc?
How do you propose they get passed Byzantine held Egypt? They only did so in OTL because of how weakened they were.
Carthage at this point, not sure of the names of the others in this era.
The Arabs could stil try the route over Axum to come to Africa
Arab herdsmen had already lived in Egypt for many hundreds of years before the expansion of Islam. These nomadic tribes would definitely bring Islam from the Arabian peninsula to North Africa.