Stormakten Sverige

After the Russian Tsar Feodor I's death in 1598 began what in Russia is called Time of Troubles 1598-1613. As Fyodor had no heir, was the Russian throne vacant, and many were interested in it, among them Vasily Sjujskij supported by Sweden's King Charles IX.

As Karl did not want a Russian czar who was supported by Poland, he entered an agreement, in Viborg February 28, 1609, with Sjujskij: a Swedish army of 7000 man led by young field marshal Jacob De la Gardie would go into Russia, and Sjujskij put on the throne. Sweden would in return get Kexholm forever. The Swedish army would also receive 38,000 rubles a month in maintenance.

The first march was against Novgorod, where Sjujskijs nephew Mikhail Sjujskij waited. His army of 3000 men joined the Swedish. On May 2, the army broke up and marched on Moscow, which was under siege by people who were loyal to Dimitri (Dimitri was Fyodor II's younger brother who was murdered at a young age). Evert Horn and the army's vanguard took Staraya Russa. On May 12 arrived de la Gardie and the main army. Horn overtook and defeated the fleeing Russians at Kamenka May 15 On May 17, captured Horn Torzhok after a brilliant Swedish victory.

Then the Swedish army marched towards Tver. On July 13, the Battle of Tver ended with a Swedish victory. De la Gardie achieved what so many after him failed to do: to take Moscow.. He did this March 12, 1610 and was met with cheers from the Moscow residents.

In June 1610 left the De la Gardie and Dimitrij Sjuiskij Moscow to lift Stanisław Żółkiewskis siege of Smolensk. The active phase of the campaign ended with De la Gardie's army annihilated Żółkiewski army in the Battle of Klusjinoden June 25, 1610.

Peace accord was signed in what is called the De la Gardie fortune, two county (Livonia) south of Estonia and 100,000 riksdaler. (1 and 2 on the map)

The Swedes and Novgorod could now install Sjujskij that Tsar. Russia handed over the Kexholm to Sweden who also took the opportunity to buy Ingria for 65,000 rubel. (3 on the map)

Since my English is so bad, I wonder if you understand what I write?
Is there any idea to try to continue?

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As a result of the agreement with Sweden, Russia lost access to the sea
The takeover of Livonia meant that Sweden, got a cross Poland as a neighbor, and the rivalry between nations strengthened. Sweden's great power ambitions to make the Baltic Sea an internal sea plunged the country into conflict with Poland and Denmark.

1611 arrived the first revot outside Moscow's city walls ( led by Prokopij Petrovich Ljapunov). But as a result of a conflict at the uprising army war council Ljapunov was killed and the army dispersed. That same year raided Crimean-Tatars, who did not meet any resistance, areas around the city Ryazan. After a long siege of Smolensk was captured by the Poles, while the Swedes, in the role of Russia's "allies", raided the northern Russian cities.

Russia was in a critical condition. On the throne sat a weak czar, with support from the Swedes and a few boyars and with Swedish troops in Moscow; the great nobles (boyars) quarrelled among themselves; Orthodox Patriarch Hermogenes was imprisoned;Catholic Poles came back and occupied Smolensk and other cities; the Protestant Swedes occupied Novgorod; continuing Tatar raids left the south borderlands of Russia completely depopulated and devastated; and enormous bands of brigands swarmed everywhere. Tens of thousands died in battles and riots. The Poles and German mercenaries suppressed riots. Many other cities were also devastated or weakened. For example, on 22 September 1612, the Poles and Lithuanians exterminated the population and clergy of Vologda

The second revolt (1612) led by a merchant from Nizhny Novgorod named Kuzma Minin, who invited Prince Dmitry Pozjarskij to be responsible for the military operations. In March 1612 they marched towards Yaroslavl, to conquer this important point, where many roads crossed each other. Yaroslavl was taken, they had to remain in the city for three months because they have to build not only the army but also the land area around the city.

Around August 20, 1612 marched the 2nd revolt from Yaroslavl to Moscow.
October 22, 1612 took the revolt, under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozjarskij Kitai-gorod, fortification outside the Kremlin after a storming; Sweds and soldiers lojal to Tsar Sjujskij retreated into the Kremlin. Furst Pozjarskij entered in Kitai-gorod with the icon of Kazan depicting the Mother of God and vowed to build a temple to the memory of this victory.
On 24-27 October the nearby Swedish army was forced to retreat.
*On October 26, surrendered the Swedish garrison in the Kremlin and released at the same time the Russian boyars and other dignitaries from the Kremlin, and the day after the Swedes marched away. They left the Tsar chained to the throne.
 
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After a short regency and after his cousin John , Duke of Östergötland (son of John III ) , renounced his claim to the throne , Gustav II Adolf became king of Sweden, just 17 years of age. He was crowned in Uppsala 12 October 1617 by Archbishop Peter Kenicius . Sigismund III wanted to regain the throne of Sweden and tried to force Gustavus Adolphus to renounce the title .

Th Kingdom was in a difficult position as a result of the internal battles that took place at the turn of the century . Gustavus Adolphus inherited three wars - and the war of conquest as Charles IX by Jacob De la Gardie started in Russia and also the two defense wars against Denmark and Poland. King of Poland , Sigismund , King Gustav Adolf's cousin , considered himselves still as Sweden legitimate king and looked at Gustav Adolf only a usurper .
The war against Poland was a pause , as Poland was involved in Russia.
Christian IV of Denmark had in 1611 begun a war of conquest. Despite the reluctance of Rigsraadet, Christian initiated a war with Sweden for the supremacy of theBaltic Sea. Of these three wars Denmark is the biggest danger for Sweden
On ascending the throne, Gustavus Adolphus sued for peace, but Christian IV saw an opportunity for larger victories, and strengthened his armies in southern Sweden.

The Danis main operation was the capture of Kalmar, the eastern fortress of Swedish mainland. This was done August 3, 1611
The important fortress in the west, Älvsborgs, was conquered by the Danes, 22 May 1612
The Danish command ordered an attack deep into Sweden, towards the capital of Stockholm. However, this proved to be a failure. Scorched earth methods and guerrilla warfare from the Swedish side made this a very difficult task and many of the mercenaries in the Danish army deserted since they did not receive their pay.
This did not stop Kristian sending their fleet to the Stockholm archipelago, where it was not able to go beyond general vandalism. Kristian can not afford any more invasion.
Two of the landscape that were hit worst was Bohuslän and Jämtland. In Bohuslän is war known as the Burn feud, since the Swedish commander Jesper Cruus in February 1612 looted and burned the entire province except Marstrand and Bohus, which was impregnable because he lacked siege artillery. In Jämtland the Swedish commander Baltzar Brooks, who conquered the province in August 1611 and went hard in this and subsequent years. Both in Jämtland and Härjedalen were many farms destroyed by fire. To escape a total disaster swore residents in Jämtland allegiance to the King of Sweden
Gustav Adolf was virtually alone to lead the Danish war, when those skilled and proven commanders that Sweden had, Jacob De la Gardie and Evert Horn, was in Russia with a large part of the armed forces.
The enemy was far superior - from the German mercenaries who were open to Denmark, the gaps were filled in its armies, while Sweden through Christian IV's to innovative, overpowering fleet, was cut off from any communication with the rest of the world that had mercenaries to offer. But Gustav Adolf mustered domestic forces, many enough anyway. The Danish troops did not want to risk battle, the mercenaries were not motivated to risk their lives
The Swedish king began aggressively. Gustavus Adolphus let his soldiers plunder towns and villages and as he met little resistance from Danish forces in Scania, they pillaged and devastated up to 24 Scanian parishes.
With Poland was written a ceasefire agreement in June 1612, which was repeatedly extended up until January 20, 1616. Fairly minor battles occurred in the following years.
When the news of the failure of Moscow reached the young king, he ordered Evert Horn to make a favorable settlement with Russia, and in that settlement it should conclude a joint war against Poland.
At the same time he commanded Jacob De la Gardie as quickly as possible and with as many troops as possible to move back to Sweden.
England and Holland with their trade in the Baltic Sea became worried, decisive Danish victory would hinder trade and they kept the pressure on Denmark would end the war. The Danes were finally receptive to persuasion. It was difficulties in paying the troops, which led to the Danes accepted the peace negotiations that began in the fall in 1612.
Despite English mediation , it went slowly.
Gustav Adolf realized that the Danish coffers were empty and when De la Gardie landed in northern Småland , he became certain that Sweden would win if the war continued .
The English mediators became frustrated , Denmark demanded exorbitant 1 million thalers silver coins for Älvsborgs and that Sweden would hand back the territories they conquered . Sweden demanded Jämtland and Härjedalen , and " Rights , sovereignty , glory, tax or collection of sea-Sami by the North Sea between Titlis and Varangerfjord " ie claim the Norwegian and northern parts of the country .
Neither part wanted to give in.
When the mediators in February threatened to leave the negotiations, the parties agreed .
Sweden ceded its claims to Jämtland and Härjedalen but got "Permission, sovereignty, glory, tax or collection of sea-Sami by the North Sea between Titlis and Varangerfjord".
Denmark left fortresses Kalmar and Älvsborg for Thaler silver 500000
Both Sweden and Denmark's king would be allowed to have three crowns in their coats of arms, but with "condition and subject," that this would not be used as a reason for coming war. All residents of Sweden and its provinces would get trading in Denmark-Norway and vice versa, and no toll would be raised for the Swedes or their goods in the Sound forever
 
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Good up dates. I'm enjoying this.
Question do you want grammatical critics? Your writing is easily understandable.
 
Will be following this

Behöver du hjälp med engelskan kan du alltid skicka ett PM (jag tror att Adler också är från Sverige)
 
Will be following this

Behöver du hjälp med engelskan kan du alltid skicka ett PM (jag tror att Adler också är från Sverige)

Tack för erbjudandet men jag behöver inte bara lite hjälp. Du ser ovan var min förmåga i detta språk ligger
 
Evert Horn managed to get a fairly good agreement with Russia.
After the capture of Moscow summoned Pozjarskij on November 15, the various towns representatives, to elect a new tsar.
Sigismund, King of Poland, had intended to march on Moscow, but he did not have enough strength to take the city Volok. He turned therefore back.
In January 1613 brought together elected people from different social classes, including the peasantry.
This congregation, Sobor, was one of the most visited and one of the most full strength.
Four candidates crystallized: VI Sjujskij, Vorotynskij, Trubetskoy and Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov.
The Russian nobility finally closed up behind Mikhail Romanov. He was sixteen years old when he was crowned.
The first task of the new tsar was to clear the land of the countries occupying it.
Sweden and Poland were then dealt with respectively by the peace of Stolbovo (17 February 1617) and the Truce of Deulino (1 December 1618).
The most important result of the Truce of Deulino was the return from exile of the tsar's father, who henceforth took over the government.

Peace of Stolbova was a clear success for Sweden and Evert Horn.
Most of the important, for Sweden, the issues were resolved to the Swedish benefit
The peace of Stolbovo;
Russia renounced all claims to Estonia, Livonia, province and fortress of Kexholm, whole Karelia to the Arctic Ocean via Lake Onega and the White Sea,
and the province of Ingria — including the fortress of Nöteborg, known as "the key to Finland"
Russia would pay Sweden war indemnities of 10,000 ruble annually for four years.
Sweden leave Novgorod and other Swedish territorial gains during the war, if they have not already agreed upon.
Sweden had the right to keep all spoils of war collected before November 20, 1616
Sweden recognized Michael Romanov as the rightful tsar of Russia, putting an end to further Swedish claims in Russia
That Russia and Sweden in July 1620 attacks the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with a minimum of 30 000 soldiers
Russia is allowed free trade at normal trade tariffs.
Russia is allowed to establish merchant houses in Stockholm, Reval and Viborg in exchange for
Sweden being allowed to establish merchant houses in Novgorod, Pskov, and Moscow.

With the peace with Russia and Denmark, and a prolonged standstill agreement with Poland could the young king and his closest advisors concentrate on domestic issues.
At Örebro parliament in 1617 adopted the " Orebro Charter ," which meant that apostates from the evangelical doctrine could be punished by death or banishment .
Whoever did propaganda for Catholicism was punished with death. At the request of the priests were expelled the country's all gypsies and Roma.
This is a Protestant counterpart to the Catholic heresy laws. Sweden had developed into a religious fundamentalist state . The king himself was satisfied.
He said " .. the devil's party, the Jesuits , who have been the cause of the horrible tyranny , which is taken place in Spain, France ,
and elsewhere. These , with their inquisition , neither have spared neither high or low, male or female ."
Another important area , taxes, the parliament agreed in " Landtågsgärden "
This was a continual basis tax. Now , Sweden got a steady income that would naturally go to the army and navy .
The most important thing that happened in this parliament was that Sweden got its first parliamentary order.
It was determined that the parliament would consist of the four estates, ie nobles, clergy, burghers and peasants. Ceremonial and rules of procedure are hereby began to get solid forms. Legislation and tax law would gradually shift from landscape either to Parliament
- this issue could the four estates not agree, and then under the new parliamentary order, it was up to the king to decide.

Denmark changed focus after the war with Sweden, with expensive-paid mercenaries, gave no result, and Kristian abandoned his ambitions to restore the union with Sweden.
Kristian looked to the south to try expand the Danish influence.

This shift in focus was noticed by Gustav Adolf and especially one of his top advisers, Axel Oxenstierna.
Oxenstierna tried to persuade King to meet with Christian IV of Denmark to create a collaboration between the two kingdoms
and develop a common trade policy with England and Holland.
Gustavus Adolphus was naturally hesitant, his ambition was to make Sweden the most powerful nation around the Baltic Sea and in Scandinavia.
This could only be done at the expense of reduced influence of Denmark.
Oxenstierna explained that the Scandinavian kingdoms is the two chief pillars on Which the Evangelical religion reposed.
Our disunion, he argued, would open a door in the north to the Catholic league and so bring about the destruction of Denmark and Sweden alike.
To also get better trade opportunities would strengthen the weak Swedish economy.
Furthermore, said Oxenstierna, we can take care of the Dane later, after Poland ...
 
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Gustav II Adolf and Christian IV met in Kalmar 1619.
Both gentlemen considered themselves more powerful than the other, and the embossed their many discussions.
Christian IV said to Gustav, that Denmark's goal was to obtain control of the great German rivers, the Elbe and the Weser.
Gustav Adolf said to Christian, that Sweden will fight 'the Catholic plague ", beginning with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Christian praised Gustav's intentions but wondered if Sweden could handle the mighty Poland.
Of course, replied Gustav, I have the almighty Lord on my side, moreover, the Polish cavalry consists mostly of feathers and the feathers do not stop cannonballs.
The rapid wordswap continued and the two kings advisers were surprised and amazed. In this manner usually do not kings behave.
The meeting did not produce any concrete results but some kind of friendship arose between the kings.
Christian was 42 and probably at the peak of its power, Gustav was 25, and full of confidence. Both saw themselves as defenders of the only true Christianity.
At the same time they knew enough that their kingdoms were not strong enough alone to cope with the Catholic League

24 June 1620 sailed a large fleet under the command of the King of Sweden from Älvsnabben in the Stockholm archipelago, and 2 July arrived fleet of 168 ships
to relatively weakly defended Riga, the main city of Livonia.
The Swedes claimed the city's surrender, but this was denied, then began the siege.
King had shortly after arrival attempted to conquer an island in Dünafloden outside the city but could not. The king himself had risked his life.
June 23 began the Swedish bombardment. After six days of bombardment, with over 6000 cannonballs, they had shot down the so-called "Sand Gate"
and damaged the breastwork considerably, and began filling the moat with faskiner to make it easier to storm the walls.
No reports came of Russians attacked on any Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
This worried the Swedes, what if Russia did not live up to its commitments in the agreement, or, much worse, attacked Sweden
On the night between 29 and 30 July, there were a first attempt to storm Riga, but it was repulsed.
Gustaf Adolf, who worry about a possible Russian attack, thus tried to accelerate the capture of the city. August 2, he sent a new parlamentär into the city,
After long negotiations finally gave Gustavus town reprieve to 10 August with the city's response.
The city, whose defense capabilities were already running low, saw the delay as their only weapons, succeeded in the 10th get to wait till the next day with the answer.
Then did Riga not to postpone the inevitable any longer.
August 16 marched the King into the city.
Gustav Horn (who had been wounded during the siege) and Johan Baner were knighted for bravery shown during the battles.
 
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