States with their Capital in the America's, and territory in Europe

This is probably most likely with a PoD before 1900, so I stuck it here.

From reality, we have the capital of the Portuguese Empire in Rio de Janeiro during the Napoleonic Wars. The return to Lisbon likely contributed to the desire for independence in Brazil, so I can imagine that remaining in Rio would not please the people of Portugal.

Could an alternate Napoleonic War lead to an invasion, and the British royals escaping to Canada, and ruling from there? After a generation or two, there is a reconquest of the British Isles, but the capital remains in Canada.
 
From reality, we have the capital of the Portuguese Empire in Rio de Janeiro during the Napoleonic Wars. The return to Lisbon likely contributed to the desire for independence in Brazil, so I can imagine that remaining in Rio would not please the people of Portugal.

The problem most likely is that Brazil was still less important in comparison to metropolitan Portugal. If you have increased immigration and hence larger population in Brazil as well as maybe Portugal proper destroyed by the French, then it might work.

This is a general conclusion: If the French keep Nouvelle France and immigration there is substantial up to the point that the major part of the French Empire lives in America and then there's some war in Europe which leaves France devastated and the government fleeing to America, you might have the same.

For Britain, I could imagine the American Revolutionary war to be avoided or fail. Sooner or later, the majority of British citizens will then live in America. Then, for the British Empire, you could transform it into a commonwealth with new capital in the Americas. Nevertheless, destruction of London might help here as well.

I'd say its probably easiest for the Dutch, as their homeland is small and vulnerable and they already have some tradition of federalism, which makes movement of teh capital easier I'd assume. If they somehow get a sizeable colonial Empire in the Americas (I'd propose a significantly larger New Amsterdam PLUS Northern Brasil both surviving), it's quite probable that the capital is situated there.

The problem is that you'd first have to make the American parts more important than the European parts. And second, you'd need a reason to overcome tradition.
 
This is probably most likely with a PoD before 1900, so I stuck it here.

From reality, we have the capital of the Portuguese Empire in Rio de Janeiro during the Napoleonic Wars. The return to Lisbon likely contributed to the desire for independence in Brazil, so I can imagine that remaining in Rio would not please the people of Portugal.

Could an alternate Napoleonic War lead to an invasion, and the British royals escaping to Canada, and ruling from there? After a generation or two, there is a reconquest of the British Isles, but the capital remains in Canada.
An exiled government based in Brazil and/or Canada with claimed territory on the Continent is reasonable. And while Napoleonic butterflies could make a Portuguese Brazil feasible, that wouldn't work for Canada. In the latter, you could have an 1848-esque rebellion forcing the royal family to flee to Ottawa, where it could claim legitimate authority.
 
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