Soviet Electronics/Computer Industry

Okay, one thing the Soviet Union was not known for was having good electronics and computer systems. What would be a way to give the Soviet Union a Computer/Microchip/Electronics Industry to rival the United States, and companys like Apple and Microsoft.
What effects would this have on the Cold War, and Post Cold War World?
 
What would be a way to give the Soviet Union a Computer/Microchip/Electronics Industry to rival the United States,

Do not drop the PDP-compatible ES machines for 8086-ripoffs and later make personal version of these.

and companys like Apple and Microsoft.

Impossible. Still, a national Minitel-like network may arise.

What effects would this have on the Cold War, and Post Cold War World?

This would make SU to collapse a bit faster, but not much. The Wikipedia may come to life in 1991 instead of 2001. Technologies like Unicode and AJAX may also appear earlier.
 
Perhaps I am wrong, but since so much of the impetus which led to the growth of the PC industry is a desire for rapid and unfettered information use and sharing, I find it had to see how any totalitarian regime could be an innovator in the development of the software and hardware for such processes. Such states may effectively adopt "steal" elements of this industry for specific purposes (military, internal security, economic planning etc), but not innovate in the basic processes.
 
Developing a good IT industry would help make their command economy more efficient, as faster information sharing would be of huge benefit that would be the major impetus behind any such development.

The SU wasn’t all that bad at electronics but some of Khrushchev’s decisions held back development in this sector.

The SU over come these deficits. But during the 70’s-80’s rather than develop their own electronic technology they relied on stealing/smuggling it from the west. Which resulted in tech-gap.
 
Okay, one thing the Soviet Union was not known for was having good electronics and computer systems.
Actually it is not as straightforward as you present. Despite initial time lag in late Stalin's times (cybernetics had been generally banned and called "whore-science of capitalism", as it showed that Soviet economic system was inherently unstable), Soviets generally held their own in late 1950s-early 1960s. They had decent small-series big iron for defence and industrial applications. They started to lose exponentially once development of integrated circuitry opened the way for relatively cheap, reliable and high-performance machines for general business and (especially) finance. Soviet Union simply did not have an obvious need for such technology and consequently failed to allocate decent resources to develop it (remember, that none of current leaders of electronic industry emerged in industrial/defence area, they all sprang up from consumer electronics, as Sony and whole Japanese gang, or finances, as IBM). Once Soviet leaders understood depth of the gorge they threw themselves into, they made heroic effort to bridge it, but it was too late. It all happened pre-1980, therefore pre-PC. Frankly speaking, short of some uptimer influence to force Soviet leaders to invest heavily in such problematic area, I can't imagine a way for USSR to turn into IT powerhouse. They always had good analysts and knew that computer system capable of radically altering Soviet centralized planning was (and still is) impossible at current level of technology.

Do not drop the PDP-compatible ES machines for 8086-ripoffs and later make personal version of these.
ES (short for United Line of computers) were reverse-engineered IBM360/370. Soviet clones of DEC microcomputers were called SM (Small Machine).
 
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