Valdemar II
Banned
East Africans and West Africans are two different cultural groups. Also, there was the clear idea that the slaves being sold deserved it because they had commited crimes (possibly political or religious ones, but crimes nonetheless). Enslaving innocents (children) is a different kettle of fish. Come to that, I really doubt the Arabs and Ottomans were as brutal as the New World plantation owners; possibly more inventively cruel to the few disobedient ones, but not regarding the apparent 83% fatality rate in the first year (counting the voyage) as a legitimate part of a business or social model.
The sugar plantages of southen Iraq was everybit as bad as the ones on the Caribbian isles. We aren't fully aware of gow many Africans died on the trip or the first years in Arabic slave trade, because they didn't centralise the information in official archieves as the Europeans did, but we can see that the trade was as extensive if not more so as the European ones, and that African slaves left smaller disporas than in America. The Islamic slavery was interesting because it split the slaves into White (everybody not African, mostly Slavs) and Black slaves. Black slaves was mostly used in the more degrading jobs like in plantages, while Whites was mostly used as houseslaves and in more specialised functions (soldiers, adminstrators, skilled worker etc). A interesting aspect are that White slaves which converted to Islam was often freed, while Black slaves whom did so usual wasn't.
And no the slaves wasn't criminal they was captives taken in war or raids