Sir Isaac Newton: The Botanist

In 1665-1666, Newton performed a number of experiments on the composition of light.
He discovered that visible (white) light is heterogeneous. Heterogeneous meant white light is composed of colors that can be considered primary.
If Isaac Newton was a botanist, he may not have made this discovery about white light.
 
Newton was many things. Botany is not an interest that would engage him entirely, certainly not at his time (so little data available). But it would be interesting to see what he'd make of his observations.
 
Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist and mathematician.
Suppose Isaac Newton was a botanist instead.

In the context of the day, he was neither; he was a "natural philosopher" (which contrasted most usually with theological philosophy).

While there was a primitive biological science in the day, it was dominated chiefly by barber-surgeons, which Newton either could or would not associate with because of genteel social stratification, and monasteries, which at this time were intent more on classifying and indexing living creatures.

There's nothing about the society of the day or the bounds of natural philosophy preventing him from taking an interest in botany. It is conceivable that he would have pre-empted Carl Linnaeus' work had he done so.
 
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