Shattering of Austria-Hungary, Russia and the Ottomans without a general world war

So WW1 historically ended up with all three of these multi ethnic empires being shattered or heavily damaged. AH was dissolved into its composite ethnic states or united with outside states. The Ottomans lost all their core regions as Turkey. Russia was shorn of much of its western ethnic regions, thought it's successor in the USSR would gain many of them back. But it very neat,t shattered into warlordism and civil war.

So have them all be shattered down to their composite parts or annexed by another power, without a world war. A world war counts as at least two great powers on each side. So one on one conflicts like the Franco-German war are fine, as are say a two on one conflict like France and Britain vs Russia.

What pod could achieve that? And how would history turn out with Eastern Europe shattered of all its major great powers, but Central and Western Europe states left largely intact.
 
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