"...violent winds; the hurricane that had made landfall in East Texas in the middle of August had been the most powerful storm to hit the North American continent since a similar cyclone had nearly wiped Galveston off the map fifteen years before. Another potent storm followed thereafter mere weeks later, punching its way from near Jamaica across the western tip of Cuba, devastating Havana with heavy rains and forcing Mexican vessels out to sea from their safe harbor near Cozumel Island, where they were protecting the Yucatan Straits. Soon thereafter, an even more powerful storm would follow a similar course, slamming into New Orleans and flooding much of low-lying Louisiana, disrupting supplies from the Confederacy's last untouched state to elsewhere.
Of course, the hurricanes themselves were not so much the problem for the wavering Mexicans as the impact thereof. The Cozumel Squadron being forced out to sea caused it to be spotted by an American scout off the coast of Cuba as the hurricane subsided and coded telegraphy, which Mexico had not invested particularly in, allowed the weight of the reconstituted I Atlantic Squadron, also bobbing through the storm nearby, to regroup and steam rapidly to catch the Mexican fleet before it was able to reenter port. The Battle of Cozumel on September 11th was thus the second action in the course of about a month, after the Florida Straits, in which Mexico suffered severe and debilitating losses of capital ships, this time including not just cruisers but the sinking of the dreadnought Texcoco, the flagship of the Mexican Navy, the lead vessel of its class of four, and taking with it to the bottom of the Caribbean Prince Salvador de Iturbide y Green, the Emperor's adoptive son and the head of the Armada Imperial on the high seas. Lost with it were the cruisers Miguel Hidalgo and Tuxpan, and the battleship Yucatan and cruiser Principe Luis Maximiliano were able to escape destruction with severe damage and ensconce themselves in port, but were barely seaworthy at that point. It was the worst defeat for the Mexican Navy yet, now running on fumes after having suffered similar damages and losses near Key West in early August.
News of the disaster at Cozumel - Mexico's Hilton Head, as it was described in the increasingly agitated press - struck Maximilian extremely hard, and some observers questioned whether the Emperor would survive the death of his beloved adoptive son. Naval patrols were ordered much closer into shore, reneging on an agreement Mexico had with the Confederacy and thus leaving the Gulf essentially wide open for the interdiction of Confederate shipping as Europeans made it quietly known to the United States Navy's General Board that their expectations for protections on shipping did not, it turned out, extend west of Florida. A planned blockade of the ports of Tampa, Mobile, Galveston and most critically New Orleans was now possible and approved to begin as soon as possible; as a result, with the Confederate Navy at the bottom of the sea and the Mexican Navy seeming well on its way to joining them, Cozumel was the last major naval action of the war.
It also occurred roughly at the same time as twin disasters in the north of Mexico, too, which presaged the collapse just weeks later of the Carbajal government in Mexico City, the putsch of Bernardo Reyes and the subsequent end of the war for Mexico. The rebel army of Pancho Villa, now supported by a vibrant propaganda campaign in the United States and dissident Mexico, personally led his men into Chihuahua and sacked the armory and railroad station there. Casualties were few - Villa was careful not to attack Mexican conscripts when he could avoid it, unlike the Zapatista revolt that now controlled much of Chiapas and Oaxaca and threatened the ability of the Mexican state to dislodge its warlord general Victoriano Huerta from Guatemala City - but the psychological impact of the fall of the main supply node keeping Los Pasos fed was huge. Days later, with Chihuahua now in American hands after Villa left the gates open to John Hines' men and supplies running thin, General Aureliano Blanquet signaled to American forces on the Texas side of the Rio Bravo that they would retreat back into Mexico under a putative ceasefire lasting the next three days. Charles Gerhardt's forces responded by rapidly overwhelming the heavily Texan fighters left in El Paso and at the expiry of the ceasefire overran Blanquet's piecemeal defenses; after nearly a year and a half of fighting, the Battle of Los Pasos was over, and the key rail link between Mexico and the Confederate States (though one used progressively less as the battle raged) was in American hands.
All three losses simultaneously suggested to Mexican leadership the same thing: the war was over. American forces now held not just Hermosillo as they had since the start of the year but Paso del Norte and Chihuahua and could, presumably, strike either southwards or eastwards at leisure. Mexico's ports were blockaded and vulnerable to seizure by the US Marines from sea. The efforts to capture Nicaragua and incorporate it into a client Centroamerica had failed miserably to the tune of thousands of Mexicans dead in the Honduran jungle and with Centro's obliteration, with an errant Mexican general now running Guatemala as his personal fiefdom in practice. It was not clear to anybody in Mexico City, save for a handful of the northern oligarchs whose landholdings were being attacked by Villa nearly weekly, what exactly Mexico was doing still in the war. The Confederacy had started this mess, the Confederacy would have to get itself out. For much of the political establishment, including for the first time Emperor Maximilian and his inner circle of advisors and courtiers, it was time to accept reality - Mexico had lost, but it could still lose with its dignity. The secret efforts at peace feelers from Foreign Minister Pedro Lascurain were now to be encouraged, rather than kept silent..."
- Making Sense of the Senseless: The Great American War at 100