Based on a question posed in my other thread on science and technology, what would the progress of research be in a world where WW1 ends with a peace by exhaustion in 1917? That would mean of course that the US stays out and stops loaning money in 1917, as per the OTL path. The reason why the US stays out is unimportant, other than to say that the pre-war powers pretty much stay intact externally. There is no Brest-Litovsk, but Poland and Lithuania are taken from Russia. France is intact except for some minor border changes, Luxembourg is annexed into Germany, and Belgium is free. Germany loses her colonies.
So after the period of political and social upheaval following WW1, things settle down and the powers that be remain in power, except for the Czar, who is replaced by the Provisional government and eventually a republic.
The major powers are all in debt, but there are no reparations.
How does science and technology progress with the major pre-war political powers still intact? Obviously there are still rivalries and hostilities after the war, so there is competition, but still a period of detente driven by everyone being broke. Big Science has been demo-ed during the war, so the major states have seen the effect of major investment into science and research.
With a competitive political environment in Europe, you research be driven more than IOTL?