Sassanids win at Qadisiyah - effects on Middle East and beyond?

So, obviously this means that Iran stays Zoroastrian and there is no Muslim invasion of India, so there's obviously no Pakistan - I guess their religion continues to be Hinduism.

Islam probably doesn't spread to central Asia, and the Tatars later do not convert as well - if the Mongol Empire still happens? Or will it be butterflied?

I guess Arabs still expand to Syria and Egypt, maybe they'll be able to hold more Anatolia now, since they don't have to hold Iran? I don't know.

I'm also interested in all the religions and languages. I guess Islam and Arabic still spread to Egypt and Syria, if the conquer those areas.

Iraq - or Mesopotamia - remains Aramaic (and Assyrian in the north?)

And Afghanistan, what's with them? Are they Buddhist, Zoroastrian... or what?

Azerbaijan used to be Persian speaking until it was Turkified. Does that still happen?

Don't limit yourself to just the points are brought up. I don't have nearly enough knowledge about this area of history, but I'd like to know more.

Oh, and if you know any timelines dealing with this or similar POD, please can you mention them? Thanks!
 
Islam probably doesn't spread to central Asia, and the Tatars later do not convert as well - if the Mongol Empire still happens? Or will it be butterflied

Mongols will be butterflied, as will the existence of the Tatar ethnic group (Volga Bulgaria might convert to another religion, and the modern Tatars themselves are a product of the Mongol conquest of the region). Central Asia will remain a patchwork of Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Nestorianism, and Manichaeaism, any of which can gain the upper hand in the long run. Maybe a Nestorian Turkic khaganate instead of the Manichaean Uyghur one? Or just lasting Manichaean states in the region.

I'm also interested in all the religions and languages. I guess Islam and Arabic still spread to Egypt and Syria, if the conquer those areas.

Iraq - or Mesopotamia - remains Aramaic (and Assyrian in the north?

Assyrian and Aramaic are the same language (the Assyrian of the Assyrian Empire was dead). I think with the Arabs in a more precarious position in Syria, Aramaic will remain a majority language a bit longer (it basically was until the 2nd millennium IIRC, as was a Christian majority). And if the Arabs collapse and Persia gets another boost, they could reconquer Syria.

Egypt will likewise retain a Coptic and Christian majority until the early 2nd millennium.

And Afghanistan, what's with them? Are they Buddhist, Zoroastrian... or what?

All of the above, basically. Long term is harder to say.

Azerbaijan used to be Persian speaking until it was Turkified. Does that still happen?
The Turkification of Azerbaijan is a different POD than Sassanid victory. It's highly probably the Sassanids will collapse given a few centuries, and at that point Turks could swoop in and rule the area (as the Seljuks did). Especially if they're employing lots of Turks as mercenaries already.
 
The Turkification of Azerbaijan is a different POD than Sassanid victory. It's highly probably the Sassanids will collapse given a few centuries, and at that point Turks could swoop in and rule the area (as the Seljuks did). Especially if they're employing lots of Turks as mercenaries already.

I would say Sassanid collapse is probably inevitable within the bounds of the 7th century. Even if the Arabs don't take them in the initial conquests, Persia will still be a tempting target for further Arab expansion and is a much softer target than the Byzantines. Even if the Arabs don't conquer them, I think the combined costs of the war against the Byzantines and the continued need to defend against the Arabs will eventually undermine them completely.

teg
 
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