You meant Vladimir the Great, son of Svyatoslav; he was the 5th Grand Prince of Kiev and all the Rus.
Well, the chronicle (Tale of Bygone Years, it is called) was written some 130 years after the so-called 'Choice of Faith'. Consequently, some historians doubt that such multiple choice ever happened.
However, for the sake of argument, let's assume that Vladimir converts to Judaism. He then would be faced with necessity to have all his retinue converted, too. Many of those people (including his grandmother and, maybe, even elder brother) were Christians (some for generations by Vladimir's time), and almost all of them, Christians and Pagans alike, earned much or most of their incomes by trading with Christian powers (Eastern Roman Empire/Byzantium, for the most part). Converting to Judaism wouldn't worsen standing of Pagan Russians in Constantinople (what would any civilized Greek expect from savage non-believers, eh?), but it would be definitely harmful for Christian Russians' business with other Christians (even if we put aside their possible devotion to the faith and speak only things temporal).
As a result, any attempt to force Judaism on unwilling Christians would most probably lead to a mutiny among Russian merchants-cum-warlords, while attempts to convert Pagans to the same faith would cause multiple popular rebellions - as forced Christianization had in OTL.
How long would Vladimir survive in such a situation? Take into account that three previous successions ended in civil wars; i.e., political stability in the 10th century Rus was absent, and only might made right.
The Grand Prince correctly assessed his chances, and chose Christianity. If he chose otherwise... Well, probably, some other prince (his son, e.g.) would correct his mistake, while Vladimir would go down as last Pagan ruler of Rus (which he was in OTL), and not as its first openly Christian ruler.