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I know there have been a few no-Islam threads here before, but I thought it might be quicker just to ask.

What would the religious makeup of the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia likely be without Islam? How far would Christianity likely spread, if at all? Let's assume Muhammad dies before he can claim to be a prophet. Would Persia/Iran remain Zoroastrian? Would Nestorian Christianity make longer inroads in the East? What about Judaism?

Do we think the Byzantine Empire would survive, or would migrations from the steppes still cause the empire to collapse?

I suspect the Arabian Desert itself would remain rather pagan in its nomadic ways. I wonder if the Mongols or related peoples would still conquer their way through Asia and replace local religions with Tengriism.
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